MARQUES ET AL.; AMPHIBIANS AND TERRESTRIAL REPTILES OF ANGOLA 
3II 
(1981:7), Spawls and Branch (1995:105), Branch (1998:116), Dobiey and Vogel (2007:110), Bates et al. 
(2014:334), Wallaeh et al. (2014:90). 
Bitis caudalis caudalis: Laurent (1964a: 128). 
Global conservation status (lUCN): Not Evaluated. 
Global distribution: The speeies is known from the arid western region of southern Africa, 
throughout Karoo and Kalahari, from southern Zimbabwe and the western half of South Africa to 
southern Angola - the northern limit for the species. 
Ocurrences in Angola (Map 270): The 
species occurs in the southwestern Angola, 
with preference of hot and dry open areas in 
sandy regions. Luanda: “Loanda” [-8.83333, 
13.26667] (Bocage 1895a: 150; Managas 
1981:37). Benguela: “Benguela” [-12.58333, 
13.41667] (Mananas 1981:37). Huila: “Huila” 
[-15.08333, 13.55000] (Mananas 1981:37). 
Namibe: “Capangombe” [-15.10000, 
13.15000] (Bocage 1895a:150; Monard 
1937b:141; Mana 9 as 1981:37); “Mossamedes” 
[-15.20000, 12.15000] (Gunther 1865a:480; 
Bocage (1867c:227; Managas 1981:37); 
“Desert de Mogamedes, a 35 km au sud de la 
ville” [-15.20000, 12.15000] (Laurent 
1964a:128); “Rio Coroca” [-15.78333, 
12.06667] (Bocage 1895a:150; Monard 
1937b:141; Managas 1981:37). Undetermined 
Map 270. Distribution of Bitis caudalis in Angola. 
Locality: “with no precise location” (Bocage 1870:68). 
Taxonomic and distributional notes; Although Smith’s (1838) Vipera ocellata was preoccu¬ 
pied, Smith (1839) noted only “As it does not appear probable that the genis Vipera will ultimate¬ 
ly be divisible into subgenera, I have thought it advisable to substitute for ocellata. — a term which 
under such circumstances would cause some confusion, — that of caudalis.'" Preliminary phylo- 
geographic analysis indicates appreciable regional divergence (A. Barlow et al. unpubished data in 
Bates et al. 2014). Visser (1981) provided a map with the Transvaal Museum accessions since 1962 
for Bitis caudalis. Haacke (1984) subsequently provided a map with some records for the species 
in Namibe Province, without explicit locality information, however the two maps are very similar 
and probably represent the same data, showing the southwestern distribution of the species in the 
country. The Angolan record from “Loanda/Luanda” (Bocage 1895a; Mana 9 as 1981) is doubtful 
and certainly represents a misidentification. 
Bitis gabonica Dumeril, Dumeril and Bibron, 1854 Gabon Adder 
Echidna Gabonica Dumeril, Dumeril and Bibron 1854:1428, pi. 80 bis, figs. 1-3. Leetotype: MNHH 4012 
(eolleetor C.-E. Aubry-Leeomte), designated by Hughes and Barry (1969:1030). Type loeality: “eote du 
Gabon” (Dumeril, Dumeril and Bibron 1854:1428), Gabon. 
Echidna rhinoceros'. Boeage (1866a:53). 
Vipera (Bitis) rhinoeeros: Peters (1877a:618). 
Bitis rhinoeeros'. Boeage (1887a: 191). 
Vipera rhinoeeros'. Boeage (1895a: 149, 1896a:113, 1897b:211). 
Bitis gaboniea: Boulenger (1915:222), Laurent (1950a:ll), Spawls and Braneh (1995:116-117), Lenk et al. 
