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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 65, Supplement II 
(1999:31), Lenk et al. (2001:94), Chippaux (2006:260), Chirio and LeBreton (2007:602), Dobiey and 
Vogel (2007:111), Wallach et al. (2014:90), Oliveira et al. (2016:42). 
Bitis gabonica gabonica: Laurent (1954a:62, 1964a: 128), Loveridge (1957:302), Thys van den Audenaerde 
(1966:36), Managas (1981:36). 
Global conservation status (lUCN): Not Evaluated. 
Global distribution: The speeies is known from forest-savanna mosaie of West and Central 
Africa from Benin to Angola and is very widespread in the Democratic Republic of Congo, extend¬ 
ing marginally into adjacent areas such as southern Nigeria and northern Zambia, with isolated 
populations in South Sudan, Kenya, and eastern southern Africa, the southern most occurring in 
northeastern KwaZulu-Natal. 
Ocurrences in Angola (Map 271): The 
species occurs in northern regions of Angola 
including Cabinda enclave and the northeast¬ 
ern areas of Moxico Province. Cabinda: 
“Chinchoxo” [-5.48333, 12.13333] (Peters 
1877a;618; Bocage 1895a; 149; Managas 
1981:36); “Cabinda” [-5.55000, 12.18333] 
(Bocage 1866a:53, 1887a:191, 1895a:149; 
Mananas 1981:36). Zaire: “S. Salvador do 
Congo” [-6.26667, 14.23333] (Bocage 
1887a:191, 1895a:149; Managas 1981:36). 
Malanje: “Cacuso” [-9.4994, 15.1613] (Oli¬ 
veira et al. 2016:42); “Kalandula” [-91956, 
15.9026] [-9.2097, 15.8906] [-91907, 15.9159] 
[-9.3872, 15.9441] (Oliveira et al. 2016:42). 
Kwanza Norte: “N’dala Tando” [-9.30000, 
14.91667] (Mananas 1981:36). Benguela: 
“Hanha” [-13.30000, 14.20000] (Bocage 
1896a:113, 1897b:211; Mananas 1981:36); “Caimbambo” [-13.1677, 13.7663] (Oliveira et al. 
2016:42). Moxico: “environs du lac Calundo (Lago Calundo)” [-11.71667, 20.80000] (Laurent 
1964a: 128; Managas 1981:36). Lunda Norte: “Dundo” [-7.3667, 20.8267] (Oliveira et al. 
2016:42). 
Taxonomic and distributional notes: McDiarmid et al. (1999) incorrectly cited MNHN 4020 
as a holotype specimen. The description was based on a skin sent by Aubry-Lecomte and a speci¬ 
men from the Menagerie du Museum. Angolan specimens of Bitis gabonica have occasionally been 
cited as Bitis rhinoceros (Schlegel, 1855) — a closely related species endemic to West Africa 
(Lenk et al. 1999; Lenk et al. 2001; Chipaux 2006; Bates et al. 2014; Wallach et al. 2014). 
Map 271. Distribution of Bitis gabonica in Angola. 
Bitis heraldica (Bocage, 1889) Angolan Adder (Endemic) 
Vipera heraldica Bocage 1889:127. Holotype: MBL 2127 (eolleetors H.C. Capello and R. Ivens), destroyed 
by fire 18 Mareh 1978. Type loeality: “sur les bords de la riviere Calae, Pun des affluents du Cunene” 
[= Calai River banks] Huila Province, Angola. 
Vipera heraldica: Boeage (1895a: 151). 
Bitisperingueyi: Boulenger (1896:495, 1905:114, 1915:221), Monard (1937b:143), Bogert (1940:101). 
Bitis heraldica: Ferreira (1897b:245), Hellmieh (1957b:75), Mertens (1958:146), Mananas (1981:38), Spawls 
and Braneh (1995:104), Dobiey and Vogel (2007:113), Wallach et al. (2014:91). 
Global conservation status (lUCN): Not Evaluated. 
