1909. 
'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
6 
DEPTH OF PLOWING. 
J. A., Andover, N. J .—Is six inches deep 
enough to plow for corn and potatoes? I 
think eight would be in time of a drought. 
I always try to plow eight or nine inches 
for potatoes. For potatoes and corn on 
new land or any upland which would be 
the better, level cultivation or hilled up? 
Ans. —With us it depends on the 
depth of the soil. We would not care 
to turn up too much of the subsoil. 
For potatoes we like to plow deep and 
put the plow down eight inches or 
more if possible. For corn the deep 
plowing is not so necessary. We have 
seen good corn crops grown after 
disking the soil four inches deep and 
fitting it thoroughly. Level culture or 
slight hilling at the last cultivation gives 
us best results in the average season. 
In a very wet season or on very wet 
soil hills keep the soil dry and to 
that extent will help the crops. 
A COLORADO DUGOUT. 
The picture at Fig. 5 shows a form 
of storage used in Colorado for stor¬ 
ing potatoes or roots. It is a dugout 
scraped out like a large ditch and then 
finished up like a cellar and roofed 
over. Ventilators are put in to give air. 
The picture shows the outer construc¬ 
tion well. These dugouts are made 
present level of water in the well the 
siphon could be made to work. We 
would not recommend attempting the 
siphon principle alone with an effective 
fall of less than two feet. If perma¬ 
nent water is found so near the place 
where it is desired for use and above 
the level required we should be tempted 
if rock does not prevent, to see if a 
flowing well may not be secured by 
putting down a drive well at the de¬ 
sired point. 
If this is out of the question a well 
or reservoir, cemented if desired, may 
be provided and the well above made to 
siphon into this at times when there is 
sufficient head, and when not then the 
water may be drawn with an ordinary 
suction pump. The lower end of the 
siphon arm would connect with the 
suction pipe below the cylinder and the 
bottom of the pump well or cemented 
reservoir would be below the level of 
low water in the supply well. With 
this arrangement water could always 
be pumped and the siphon started from 
the supply well at any time. Besides, 
if the top of the reservoir is low 
enough to permit overflow the siphon 
may operate whenever there is suffi¬ 
cient head to cause flow. It would 
not be well to use a pipe less than 
large enough so that a team can be 
driven through them, and wagons are 
unloaded into bins arranged at each 
side of the driveway. The doors at 
each end are closed during cold 
weather. In the dry climate of Col¬ 
orado these dugouts are very service¬ 
able. If need be they can be warmed 
in the coldest weather. Few of our 
eastern people realize how potato 
growing has been developed in North¬ 
ern Colorado._ 
SIPHONING WATER FROM WELL. 
W. F. K. ( No Address ).—A well 12 feet 
deep is located on a slope of ground which 
has a fall of eight feet from top of well 
150 feet distant. Can I put a pipe into 
well and siphon the water out by putting 
a valve at the lower end of pipe, and clos¬ 
ing valve just enough to equal the flow of 
water into the well, starting the water 
the first time with a pump? IIow much 
lower must the outlet be than the well? 
What size of pipe do I require in the well, 
and should the pipe be larger at the other 
end, or would one-half inch do entirely? 
The well now, this dry time, has four feet 
of water. At times it is full. 
Ans. —If there is but eight feet of 
fall between the top of the ground at 
the well and the top of the ground at 
the distance named, and if the water in 
the well never falls below eipFt feet 
from the top of the ground there would 
be left no fall to produce flow, even if 
the water was taken out at the level 
of the ground, so that from the infor¬ 
mation your correspondent gives there 
seems little opportunity of using a 
siphon, for it is highly probable that if 
water were drawn continuously from 
the well by means of a siphon the level 
of the water would fall below the 
level at which it now stands. If it is 
possible to place the lower end of the 
siphon three or four feet below the 
three-quarters of an inch for the siphon. 
If the conditions are such that the 
siphon alone may be used then it is 
permissible to provides a stopcock to 
reduce the flow or shut it off entirely. 
It may often happen where the lift of 
the siphon is high and the fall small 
so that the flow is very slow that its 
action will be broken by the accumula¬ 
tion of air at the berftl escaping from 
the water itself. But where the flow is 
strong this air will usually be dragged 
on and the action maintained. 
F. H. KING. 
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