3 OH 
THE HURAI NEW-YORKER 
NEW YORK STATE FRUIT GROWERS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 
Part III. 
The report of the committee on new 
plants and fruits was given by Mr. Mc¬ 
Kay, and he first took up the new straw¬ 
berry and raspberry seedlings distributed 
last Spring by the State Experiment Sta¬ 
tion. In 1898 the seed was saved, and the 
next year 544 seedlings were grown with 
parentage as follows: Ilunn by Marshall 
255 plants, Sample by Marshall 31 plants, 
Ilunn by Atlantic 197 plants and Marshall 
purebred Gl - plants. After fruiting three 
times all but three were discarded, and 
these three were sent to growers all over 
the State in the Spring of 1908. A brief 
description of these varieties was given 
and was taken from the station’s intro¬ 
ductory report on same. 
Magnus, progeny of llunu by Marshall, 
makes a good number of plants with large 
leaves and is slightly attacked by leaf 
blight iu unfavorable seasons. Fruit above 
medium to very large, holds size well 
through the season, very dark scarlet, some¬ 
thing the same as Ilunn hut is variable 
in color unless well ripened. It is firm, 
juicy and good to very good in quality. It 
is a midseasou variety and productive. Its 
variability in color is agaiust it as a 
market berry. 
Prolific, from the Sample by Marshall, 
cross; is very vigorous and makes a large 
number of runners. Foliage good size and 
dark in color though in unfavorable seasons 
it is somewhat subject to blight. Fruit 
very large to above medium, an attractive 
bright scarlet and good flavor. Owing to 
its vigor, productiveness, attractiveness and 
good size and quality it promises to become 
a standard variety. It has yielded at the 
rate of 14.052 quarts per acre on the sta¬ 
tion grounds. 
Quality, a Ilunn by Atlantic seedling, 
makes a good number of plants, is vigorous 
and healthy and fairly productive. Fruit 
above medium to very large, light and 
dark scarlet and-'"' - '■ Quality good to 
very gnoc* ■ . Sex of blossoms 
- £r season's fruiting 
lire also variable, 
carried on with 
crosses aud three 
seed being used, 
seedlings were raised and all 
out eight of these have been discarded. 
Five of those retained are from the cross 
of Loudon by Marlboro, one from Marlboro 
by Loudon, one from Marlboro by Superla¬ 
tive and the other from Superlative by 
Marlboro. Four of these were named and 
distributed last Spring They were named 
by combining part of each parent’s name so 
the name indicates the parentage. 
Louboro. Parentage Loudon by Marlboro. 
A comparatively strong grower intermediate 
in height and vigor between its parents. 
The canes are numerous and more closely 
resemble Loudon than Marlboro. The ber¬ 
ries average as large as or slightly larger 
than either parent and retain their size 
well as t\ie season advances; the fruits 
vary somewhat in firmness and color but 
are" fairly firm and iu general are a hand¬ 
some light red, in flavor and quality good. 
Slightly earlier than Loudon and very pro¬ 
ductive, yielding at the rate of over 9,000 
quarts per acre on the Station grounds. Is 
hardy except in severe Winters. 
Marldon. Parentage, Marlboro by Loudon. 
Canes are of the Marlboro type, but are 
stockier and more vigorous. Suckers ap¬ 
pear in great numbers and grow rapidly 
into hardy and productive canes, yielding as 
high as 10,257 quarts per acre on the 
Station grounds. The fruit is large to very 
large, slightly longer than Marlboro, hand- 
seme dark red in color, and of average 
firmness, earlier than either parent. Not as 
sweet nor as highly flavored as the best 
standard varieties. It ranks better than 
the average on account of its hardiness, 
vigor, productiveness, large size and hand¬ 
some color of its fruit. It is worthy of a 
trial as a commercial sort. 
Douboro. Parentage. Loudon by Marl¬ 
boro. Canes numerous, stronger and 
stockier than either parent and nearly 
smooth. The plants have proved hardy ex¬ 
cept in the most severe Winters and are 
very productive, yielding in one season 10,- 
964 quarts per acre. The fruit is large 
to very large, attractive light red in color 
and very firm. Resembles Marlboro in 
shape and color and is fully equal to this 
parent in flavor and quality. This variety 
has made a high record at the Station as 
a commercial sort and is worthy of a care¬ 
ful test as a market berry. 
Marlative. Parentage, Marlboro by 
Superlative. Growth very stocky, semi¬ 
dwarf, growing slightly taller than the 
Superlative, very productive, yielding as 
high as 11.720 quarts per acre, as grown 
at the Station. The berries ripen earlier 
than Loudon. The fruit is unusually large, 
dark red, more attractive than either 
parent, firm, and good in flavor and qual¬ 
ity. Has not proven hardy every season 
and has shown a tendency to crumble. On 
account of its unusual attractiveness in 
size and color it is worthy of testing as a 
fancy sort for commercial purposes. 
The afternoon session was given up to a 
conference on spraying, and different mem¬ 
bers that had used the various materials 
sold by the association the past season 
were called on to lead the discussions. The 
talk on sulphur brought out the difference 
between flour of sulphur and flowers of 
sulphur and the fact that much of the 
sulphur sold was nothing but ground brim¬ 
stone, and apt to contain impurities. Both 
good and poor results were reported for the 
sulphur sold last season, and it seems that 
it is quite possible that weather condi¬ 
tions had something to do with ('•<• failures. 
One grower claimed to have lost several 
thousand dollars because if failed entirely 
to check the leaf curl on his Elbertas. 
Mr. Case reported lime-sulphur effective in 
controlling the leaf blister-mite and Mr. 
Bassett reported good results on scale, 
using it. in the proportion of one to 1.1. 
For dormant spraying these mixtures are 
proving all right and the general opinion 
seemed to be that especially for the smaller 
grower who could not afford to fit up a 
good boiling plant these prepart'd solutions 
were as cheap or cheaper than to try home 
boiling. Also that many would spray with 
these preparations who otherwise would not 
spray at all. Arsenate of lead was re¬ 
ported both favorably and unfavorably and 
many claimed they got better results from 
I’aris-green. Others would not think of 
going hack to Paris-green, and while in 
the discussion many old sprayers came out 
for the green the arsenate of lead seemed 
to have much the better of it. in the final 
summing up. One prominent grower uses 
a combination of arsenite of lead and white 
arsenic. Mr. Cornell has been very success¬ 
ful in fighting the Codling moth on pears 
with arsenate of lead, and this pest is 
much harder to control on the pear than 
on the apple. It has many advantages over 
Paris-green; the principal ones are that it 
will not burn any foliage no matter how 
strong an application is made, and it will 
stick for a long time to fruit and foliage 
whereas Paris-green washes off with the 
first shower. 
In the evening Trof. Craig gave an il¬ 
lustrated lecture, his subject being “Obser¬ 
vations on European Horticulture.” Ilis 
first slides showed some Italian towns 
located similarly to those to which such 
great disaster has recently fallen. These 
towns are built close to the sea on a nar¬ 
row belt of low land backed by precipitous 
cliffs, and a tidal wave catches the in¬ 
habitants like rats in a trap. Many of the 
slides were of Italian agricultural and hor¬ 
ticultural scenes. A plow t hat is still 
used in that country was shown in one 
and this was taken on the experimental 
farm. It 'consisted qf a long pole to which 
near its base a short stick was firmly 
fastened at an angle and a handle in¬ 
serted above. Their plowing is done with 
this instrument, but it looks as if it would 
be rooting rather than plowing. They do 
not yet seem to know the advantages of a 
dust mulch, as the land gets little work 
after this plowing. They depend on mulch 
and irrigation to bring the crop to ma¬ 
turity and several slides illustrated their 
methods of irrigation. Their machinery for 
this work is about as antiquated as their 
plows and horse or ox power is used to 
operate it. One noticeable feature was the 
saving of land, especially on hillsides, as 
these were terraced from top to bottom 
and every possible inch utilized. Trees and 
vines covered these terraces and even in 
stone walls holes are left near the top 
where banks are to be retained and in these 
holes vines are planted, trailing over the 
wall below and adding to the beauty of 
the landscape as well as furnishing fruit. 
Old olive trees were shown several cen¬ 
turies old and with a mere shell of a 
trunk, the center being entirely rotted 
away; still these old trees are fruitful and 
are carefully preserved. Pruning receives 
very close attention, and all Hie little 
twigs are saved for fuel. Many vineyards 
are trained on growing trees, but these 
trees are kept pruned so close that the 
vines are little shaded by them, and many 
of these trees looked in the pictures like 
dead stubs. One slide showed a field of 
American strawberries, and they looked as 
if they were making themselves very much 
at home. One slide was a good illustra¬ 
tion of the patient work and careful hus¬ 
banding of the soil. A peasant was seen 
filling a basket with earth from the bot¬ 
tom of a terrace, and a companion slide 
showed him dumping this earth at the top 
of the terrace after carrying it up on his 
back. This process is gone through year 
after year as the rains gradually carry the 
earth to the bottom. Several illustrations 
of marketing were thrown on the screen, 
and several slides gave an idea of the 
roads, roads that have been built for 
centuries, taking easy grades around the 
mountains and showing a smooth hard 
surface that is good for years to come. 
Some of these roads show a central path 
in the middle more perfectly finished for 
easy traveling. Their roads and their care 
and watchfulness for the future are things 
we can well profit by even if we are far iu 
advance in other things. He then took us 
through Switzerland into the Low Coun¬ 
tries, where our bulbs are grown, and here 
waterways take the place of good roads. 
Many of our roads seem to be a combina¬ 
tion of these two at certain seasons of 
the year. Some of the large nurseries were 
shown with acres and acres of shaded and 
otherwise protected beds for starting and 
perfecting tender plants and here many of 
our native plants are grown and shipped to 
us again. The Rhine country was illustrated 
by several slides and here again the hills 
were terraced and covered with vines and 
the tops surmounted by ancient castles. 
C. E. Bassett, secretary of the Michigan 
Horticultural Society, had an illustrated 
lecture on “Michigan Orchard Methods,” 
but soon after he got started the gas 
gave out much to the disappointment of 
the audience, but Mr. Bassett went right 
on with his talk without the slides, though 
he had to change it somewhat, 'flic slides 
that did get through were mostly of peach 
orchards and rigs used in harvesting. They 
prune very thoroughly and give clean cul¬ 
tivation with the exception of cover crops. 
In some orchards he is letting clover stand 
one year in every other space, keeping the 
alternate spaces well cultivated, and the 
next year reversing, plowing the clover in 
and cultivating those spaces while the cul¬ 
tivated spaces of last year are let grow 
clover all season. Where clover will not 
grow readily they are having great success 
with Hairy vetch, getting a big growth 
and lots of nodules, which show these 
plants have been busy gathering nitrogen 
from the vast supply in the air. Mr. Bas¬ 
sett works his clover in with a disk har¬ 
row. lie iK'lieves in thorough cultivation 
for the apple and his apple operations are 
very similar to those of the best growers in 
western New York. Mr. Bassett thinks 
New York comes nearer to Michigan iu 
horticultural conditions than any other part 
of the country and what holds good here 
is pretty sure to hold good there. 
The following officers wore elected for 
one year: B. J. Case, president vice-presi¬ 
dents in order named, Clark Allis. Medina ; 
J. W. Bell. Portland; II. L. Brown, Carl¬ 
ton: Luther Collamer, Hilton; secretary, E. 
C. Gillett, Penn Yan ; treasurer. C. II. Har¬ 
row. Geneva: executive committee. Frank 
Bradley. Barker; L. L. Morrell, Kinder- 
book; Carles G. Porter. Albion; T. B. 
Wilson. Hall’s Corner, and W. R. Teats, 
Williamson. g. r. &. 
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