THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
130 
1909. 
NEW YORK STATE FRUIT GROWERS’ 
ASSOCIATION 
Part IV. 
Prof. Wilson, before taking up his sub¬ 
ject. “Controlling Black Rot in Grapes,” 
distributed bulletins covering tbe results of 
their work with this disease, with a little 
summary of this past season's results on a 
separate sheet, and in taking up the sub¬ 
ject referred the audience to the principal 
points in the bulletin as he came to them. 
This seemed a very good feature, as those 
not interested in grapes need not pay par¬ 
ticular attention, while those who really 
needed this help could fix it more firmly 
in their minds with this reference, and 
can carry the record home and study it at 
their leisure, and do this much better 
through the help Prof. Wilson was able to 
give them in his brief talk. I believe if 
the Station bulletins could be reviewed in 
this way at the different Winter meetings 
and institutes, each meeting taking up the 
subject they were directly interested in. 
that they would do much more good and 
be thought more of by the farmer and fruit 
grower. 
The experiments carried on for several 
years on a large scale show that while the 
disease cannot be wholly checked it can be 
controlled to the extent that it is a paying 
investment and in favorable seasons when 
the disease is not epidemic almost per¬ 
fect control can be obtained. The recom¬ 
mendations after these trials are about as 
follows. Destroy all mummies, as they 
carry the spores over Winter for the next 
year's infection. Plow in the Spring as 
deeply as possible without disturbing the 
roots too much, and turn the surface un¬ 
der as completely as possible to bury in¬ 
fectious material that lies on the surface 
of tlic ground. Never allow water sprouts 
to spring from the bases of vines, as they 
make centers of infection. Keep all vines 
off tlie ground. A cover crop of Crimson 
clover, vetch or buckwheat, planted about 
tlie middle of July or earlier is desirable. 
Spray thoroughly : first with Bordeaux Mix¬ 
ture. 5-5-50 formula, at the lime when 
third or fourth leaf is showing; again 
tributed on the new growth the first infec¬ 
tion taking place when the buds are burst¬ 
ing. The first infection on the fruit is 
just before the blossoms open, followed by 
a later infection just after the blossoms 
fall. Protect leaves first by spraying just 
as buds are opening with lime-sulphur or 
Bordeaux. Then with Bordeaux just be¬ 
fore blossoms open, again as soon as blos¬ 
soms fall and as a protection against a 
late infection such as was common last 
season use Bordeaux again in July. The 
disease spreads during rains. 
“Has basic slag been used with satis¬ 
factory results?” Mr. Knight used with 
great success. No one else seemed to have 
had any experience. 
“What is the cause of collar rot and is 
there any remedy?” Prof. Whetzel said no 
one knows the cause, but it is evidently a 
wound disease, and he would treat much 
the same as canker. Cut out dead bark, 
wash with a one to 100 solution of cor¬ 
rosive sublimate and keep the wound cov¬ 
ered until healed. 
The Geneva Experiment Station made a 
fine showing of fruit consisting of 185 
named varieties of apples, a fertilizer ex¬ 
periment illustrated with plates of Rome 
Beauty from the different plats, apples 
from both areas in the sod mulch versus 
tillage experiment in the Auchter orchard 
and seedlings from a number of crosses. 
Six plats were illustrated in the fer¬ 
tilizer experiment by Rome Beauty apples 
from each plat. One plat was a check 
plat and had received no fertilization, one 
plat had received stable manure, one phos¬ 
phoric acid alone, one potash alone, one 
phosphoric acid and potash and one nitro¬ 
gen, phosphoric acid and potash. These 
plats have received applications each year 
for .12 years. The apples from the plat 
that had received nothing were fully as 
good as any with the exception of the plat 
receiving the complete fertilizer. These 
were a little larger and a little better 
in color. Phosphoric acid alone seemed to 
make the poorest showing, falling consider¬ 
ably below the check plat. The apples 
from the sod mulch and the tilled orchards 
showed better color from the sod mulch 
but in size and even in quality the tillage 
when blossoms are swelling, and a third 
time soon after flowers have fallen. Keep 
up l lie applications at intervals of 10 days 
to two weeks if season is rainy or if 
season is dry a longer time may elapse be¬ 
tween applications. After July 20 use 
ammoniacal copper carbonate, 5-3-50 
formula in place of Bordeaux. The spray 
should be used at the rate of 50 gallons 
per acre under a pressure of 100 pounds 
and the hole in disk of nozzle should be 
1-20 of an inch. Stationary nozzles may 
be used for the first and second applica¬ 
tions. after which the spray should be ap¬ 
plied directly on the berries. The am¬ 
moniacal copper carbonate is made as fol¬ 
lows : . Dyute three pints of ammonium 
with six or eight times its volume of water, 
add five ounces of copper carbonate to this 
diluted solution, and stir until dissolved; 
then add water enough to make 50 gal¬ 
lons. 
“How can I prevent and get rid of Shot- 
hole borer?” was one question. 
Mr .Case gave the following remedy: 
Take 20 pounds of caustic soda, 20 pounds 
of whale oil soap and 60 gallons of water 
and boil for iwo hours. Apply warm with 
a brush in June. The addition of a little 
carbolic acid will be beneficial. 
“Is gas tar a safe remedy for peach tree 
borers?” 
Mr. Wadhams has used it for several 
years without (he least bad effect on the 
trees and with complete success against 
the borers. lie said it was also a sure 
remedy for the Shot-hole borer also. It 
should be applied early in the growing 
season. May or June, and he is not certain 
it would do no damage if applied when 
trees were dormant. lie has tried to kill 
trees with it in the growing season as a 
matter of experiment but has not been able 
to do so. He removes the earth from 
around the base and paints from that point 
up to the limbs and for the Shot-hole 
borer paints the branches also. The appli¬ 
cation is repeated every two years. He 
used to paint every year but finds every 
other year to answer just as well. In 
setting young trees he dips the tree before 
setting. He find it the best of 35 preven¬ 
tives he has tried and also finds it the 
best covering for a wound. 
“What is the analysis of the best com¬ 
mercial fertilizer for a peach orchard?” 
One member answered one analyzing 2-8-10 
for a bearing orchard, with more nitrogen 
for a young orchard that was not making 
satisfactory grpwth. Mr. Phipps had used 
phosphoric acid alone with excellent re¬ 
sults, using one ton per acre. 
“Can we use arsenical poisons in the 
lime-sulphur wash?” The Station men said 
as yet the chemists did not know the ac¬ 
tion that resulted from this mixture and 
they could throw no light on it at present. 
ould not advise its use with the present 
knowledge on the subject. 
Questions on the apple scab brought out 
a little history on this disease by Prof. 
v\ hetzel. lie said the spores were car¬ 
ried over the Winter in leaves on the 
ground _ and in the Spring the little cells 
containing these spores would burst with 
enough force to throw these spores several 
inches into the air, and being very light 
ftliey were taken up by the wind and dis- 
apples were way ahead. The most promis¬ 
ing seedlings as far as looks go were from 
the Ben Davis McIntosh parentage with the 
Ben Davis Esopus Spitzenburg coming next. 
The Bon Davis Mother crosses were mostly 
very unattractive. Some very fine Delicious 
were shown by the Station. Three speci¬ 
mens were shown that grew on the Sta¬ 
tion grounds and the rest were sent to 
them by the Stark Nurseries and were 
grown, I believe, in Oregon. This Station 
also made a fine exhibit in entomology, 
and the Cornell Station had a plant disease 
exhibit that was very helpful to growers 
in getting better acquainted with their 
enemies. Several nurseries made exhibits 
and the tree's shown were certainly fine. If 
we all could get such trees every time we 
ordered we would think the nurserymen 
were all angels. The spraying material men 
were as usual in evidence and the usual ex¬ 
hibit of spraying machinery was out. 
c. R.S. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 12. 
IF YOU WANT THE BEST FIELD SEEDS, 
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ENSILAGE SEED COHN, GRASS 
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Samples free. Price $8.50 per bushel. Bags 25 cents each extra. 
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YELLOW FLINT SEED CORN. 
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MILLIONS OF TREES 
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The MONROE NURSERY, Monroe Michigan. 
E NSEE APPLE TREES FOR SALE 
An apple the.size and color of R. Beauty with 
quality of Grimes or Jonathan. Good grower, 
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YEARLING FRUIT TREES-,?,TAY.VITpff;'! 
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200,000 As &oois us 500,000 Sf y h 
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That’s 
Your 
Name 
and Address 
O UR 1909 EDITION Is the most practical text book 
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R. N. KELLOGG COMPANY. Box 480. Three Rivers. Mich. 
Do You Want 
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If you want a dozen plants or a 
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Write for our 1909 Catalogue, giving full de¬ 
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HARRISON’S NURSERIES 
Box 432, Berlin, Md. 
STRAWBERRIES NEW L VAR?ETY 
All the best new and old kinds. 
Descriptive Catalogue Free. 
J. E. KUIIXS, ClilTwood, New Jersey. 
BERRY 
PUANTS 
Millions of Them. 
healthy, mountain - grown 
All commercial varieties. 
WRITE For Bargain Prices. 
CHATTANOOCA NURSERIES, 
US Mission Ridge, Chattanooga, Tenn, 
WHOLESALE PRICES 
Strawberry, Raspberry, Klaokberry, Grape and Currant Plants. 
Extra Heavy Rooted High Grade Stock. 
17th Annual Wholesale and Retail Catalogue Free. 
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STRAWBERRY PLANTS. 
30 of the Best Varieties. 
Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue Free. 
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STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
Send $2.00 for 1000 plants; 40 varieties finest 
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AI Ell M A DV-RECORD BREAKING STOCK 
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8end for Chart. T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, N. J. 
S TRAWBERRY PLANTS —Reliable,money-making 
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SEED CORN, Drought resisting, yields 70 to 108 
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enD Q Al C—Medium Clover Seed, $5.50 to $7.50 
rUfl OnLL bn.; Crimson Clover Seed, $3.50 to 
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Test My Seed Corn 
This year I grew 10,000 bushels of corn. 
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Dept. O • New Carlisle, Ohio. I 
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a lot of new sorts fo 
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AY, Rockford, lllinoii 
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the seed that produces big crops, worth double 
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