THE RU RAL NEW-YORKER 
177 
1909. 
facts about the gape worm. 
Its Strange Life History. 
seized and devoured by other fowls. 
While most of the eggs are either de¬ 
stroyed or passed on through the ali- 
t understand the gape worm in chicks mentary canal of the chicken, some of 
11 .,-» larva of some small insect, and t be embryos find their wav to the 
[L host is the air passage of a small trachea J the bird . 
c %'flctorv ia M e stor e y e «f b the adult of which Doubtless most of the infections 
♦he worm is the larva. I believe that the come however, from the eggs or em- 
S bryos which are scattered over the 
posited by ™| tri j S of the chick, from ground from the excrement or from the 
, hev pass into the air passages, and WO rms that are coughed up. Under 
live on the' mucous memhrane^or Jj'j, proper moisture conditions the eggs 
’■° n - u'hkh 'may be either before or after may live a long time, and infection 
off death of the chick, when they probably often occurs through the drinking water 
^tl h %?n 0 St d che a s"fnto f X AaffSSS! ^ ^od of the fowls. It has also 
which to believe that they are been shown that earth-worms may cause 
l nocturnal insect, and lay their eggs at g a p es if fed to the chickens, but the 
night. I also think earth-worm is not a necessary host. 
f hI . C intenable ga as nearly all chicks get more Chickens fed with embryos just hatched 
I s . 'jess worms, while many flocks are im- have developed gapes in about seven 
Ttl -o?ntkm II 1 of ga ^e S insect° is b sound? r as°there days and in 14 days the worms con- 
ore 1 many Instances of insects which only tamed fully developed eggs. 
‘/rood in' a certain substance, and die it The recommendations for treatment 
transferred from their own particular hos are t separate the sick birds from the 
self nearlv 25 years ago, the chicken ques- others as soon as the disease is de- 
tinn of course came up. Strong lots of tected and clean up the coops or houses 
chicks were hatched, and^ started in fine w h er e they have been. Disinfect all 
warm weather ^nd gapes. ‘ Those fine large such places and the drinking trough 
chicks lasted but a short time, nearly every w ith a five per cent solution of crude 
one succumbing in spite of *J, ors ®* carbolic acid. Burn the bodies of the 
ffrnentfne. The‘ repetition of this caused birds which die. Keep the infected 
nie l to think a lot and I reasoned the birds in a house which can be easily 
matter out as I j < a v e . a 1 r ,S a ''„„f’ 1 VrTim cleaned and disinfected. Some use air- 
tlieorv^was Correct 0 there certainly'was one slaked lime freely on the soil where 
wav to get rid of the pest. If the larvae fh e birds run. Others report good re- 
naSgeT of 'a'chlck °'t'he ‘remedy "seemed "to suits from feeding the fowls garlic or 
me a simple matter of not having a chick onion tops, and mixing asafoetida with 
on the place for one year, consequently the food. Another old-fashioned method is 
adult insect, not fi n(lin s *** ®i ,? 1 „to put the infected fowls in a canvas- 
tn deoosit the eggs, they eithei would not * 1 r i r 
hatch or the larvae would starve for lack covered box-and pour a teaspoonful of 
of congenial food. I thought much over carbolic acid on a red-hot brick placed 
came the’roo^eEs^hcml^unde? a corner of the aild fumigate 
protest from the house and ridicule from about a minute. Other recommenda- 
frlencis, but the heads stayed off just the tions are to drop turpentine, sweet Cil 
for 'a /ear ConsequenHy'no Scks hatched! or crude petroleum into the windpipe. 
no gapes that year at least. Result, that Feathers or horsehairs are also often 
was at least 21 years ago, and there have used to remove the worms. 
not been a dozen cases of gapes hcie since. One should deoend on orevention 
and when a case does come up, prompt one miouiu uepenu on picveiiuun 
treatment with a large dose of kerosene more than cure in this disease. 1 he 
generally makes short work of either the value of a three weeks’ old chicken is 
gapes, or the chick, which if it dies is cnUfif-ipTit to instifv q preat exnen- 
disposed of in a way so that the gape in- ,ot sufficient to justify a great expen 
sect has no chance to mature and start a diture of time and treatment. Efforts 
new brood. I think this fact is conclusive should be made to place all young birds 
proof of my first theory. I often have uninfected ground or the runwavs 
recommended this cure to friends who were on gruunu or me runways 
in trouble, but they arc either skeptical, or should be kept thoroughly disinfected. 
want to raise chicks anyway, so that only On the first appearance of the disease 
a few have tried it, hut all who have tried i : so i t the affected birds 
it have had perfect success. remove ana isolate me arrecteci Diras 
Wavne Co.. N. Y. j. a. crane. and take all necessary precautions to 
secure the destruction of all the para 
The gape worm of chickens is not an sites they contain. From the above 
insect and belongs to the group of ani- facts, gleaned from the best authorities, 
mals known as Vermes or worms, it will be noted that the correspondent 
[While most people speak of worms bas made several bad guesses regarding 
and spiders as insects, science has sep- the life of the gape worm. No doubt 
arated them from true insects, which the starvation treatment practiced by 
may be described as animals riiade up the correspondent would prove effec- 
of a series of rings or segments stiff- tive, as the eggs and other forms o: 
ened with a substance called chitine, the worm doubtless perish during colt 
and connected by a membrane allowing weather. M. v. slingerland. 
‘ more or less freedom of movement. - 
Caterpillars or the larvae of true insects 
must not be confounded with worms.— r The Pruning Book; by L IT. Bailey 
i i-i-i „ • .,ii;„,< r>45 pages; fully illustrated. This tells all 
I -DS. ] The gape \vorm is closely allied about the pruning and training of trees, 
to the Trichina in pork and the fami- vines and shrubs; how and when to do 
liar “hair-snakes.” Gapes has been very the work. For sale by The Rural New 
destructive in poultry in this country orker , price $ 
for more than a hundred years, and it Stock and Hunting Laws.—R eferring 
occurs also in England, France and to article on page 91, J. H. D., Midway, 
other countries Fowls turkevs geese Ky ” we have a stock and no-trespass laws, 
f iller countries, l owi , u y , b . * -phis appeals to me, as I own a farm in 
partridges, pheasants, storks, magpies, jjew York State five miles from a city of 
robins and green woodpeckers are sub- 45,000 inhabitants, and people from the 
iert to infection hir this worm It is cit .V (particularly the foreign element) 
jeet to in lection 0 y tins worm it is think lhey have a per feet right to help 
most prevalent in July and August, ihe themselves to anything that they can carry 
chief symptoms are a suppressed cough off, and get very indignant if remonstrated 
»ml a peculiar gasping, from which the with trag-g-h.,. 
disease is named. It is particularly de- sim ‘ ilar law in tll0 state of New York, and 
Structive to young fowls when from six farmers should get together and demand 
weeks to three months old As many it «J c ° ur un 1 ^f l8 iy°~ t ? t nd cit^uS 
as 20 of the red worms have been found will oppose us< but if the pr ivilege of hunt- 
attached to the mucous membrance of ing is not worth asking for it is not worth 
the trachea. This so-called fork-worm having, and the man who owns the land 
■ , c . __,i and pays taxes should be protected against 
in reality consists of a male and female trosp assers. Let a man from the farm go 
permanently .united. The female IS into a store and take their property and 
fixed on the tracheal mucous membrane what will be the result? 
of its host and the male is likewise 1>eavi t ’ 1 ' ' 
attached by its mouth to the same mem¬ 
brane, and permanently coupled and 
immovably attached to the female. 
They suck the blood of their host. 
The eggs of these worms are devel¬ 
oped within the female, and .the em¬ 
bryos emerge only after her death. 
Young birds become infected with 
this parasite either by eating the adult 
worms containing eggs which are 
coughed up by affected birds, or by 
taking the embryos with their food or 
drink. It is not necessary that the 
worms should pass any period of their 
existence outside of the bird’s body, 
although it is capable of living and par¬ 
tially developing in such conditions. 
The eggs may escape from the adult 
female worm to the trachea of the 
birds and these eggs may hatch and 
the embryo develop in the trachea of 
die same bird; hence it is a parasitic 
disease in which the parasites may con¬ 
tinue to develop and increase indefinitely 
in the body of the host after the first 
infection has occurred. When the adult 
egg-bearing worms are coughed up by 
diseased birds these worms are eagerly 
j. d. s. 
ooFim 
Backed by a 
f<?(/ 
yy ° it 
r 
B. 
4m, 
Jt? 
IWoRttf 
ightpoicf 
Hereafter every roll of Congo Roofing 
which we sell will be found to contain 
a Bond of the National Surety Co., 
guaranteeing the durability of Congo 
Roofing. 
Our 3-ply grade is guaranteed for 
ten years and provides that if the 
roofing fails to give satisfactory service 
during that period, you are entitled 
to a complete new roof free of 
charge. 
We cannot dodge this guarantee. 
The Surety Company’s capital backs it up to the letter. 
It gives you absolute protection. 
You don’t need to know what Congo is made of or what 
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least, and that is the kind of service you want. 
Let us have your name and address and we will be glad to 
send you a copy of the guarantee, together with samples of 
Congo and booklet telling nil about it. 
UNITED ROOFING AND MFG. CO., 
Successors to Buchanan Foster Co. 
532 WEST END TRUST BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO 
Western Canada the Pennant Winner 
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The Government of Canada now gives to 
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“The thing which most impressed us was 
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Low Railway Rates, good schools and 
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Rates and other information apply to *&up t 
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or to the authorized Canadian Government Agt. 
J. C. Duncan, Canadian Govern¬ 
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Building, Syracuse, N. Y. 
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