217 
1909. 
A LIVE POULTRY ASSOCIATION. 
The outlook for poultry-keeping is 
very bright in Connecticut at the pres¬ 
ent time. The harmonious and largely 
altended annual meeting of the Con¬ 
necticut Poultry Association in Hart¬ 
ford. January 27 and 28, at which nearly 
all the officers were elected without 
any opposition at all—the secretary in 
most cases being directed to cast the 
ballot for the Association—the prompt 
and vigorous way in which the officers 
are taking hold of the work assigned 
to them, the willingness to co-operate 
with all the other agricultural associa¬ 
tions in institute work, indicates that 
this coming year will be one of the 
best for poultry interests that we have 
had in a long time. Already a bill-has 
been introduced in the Legislature to 
compel the placarding of all eggs offered 
for sale in any store, or by any dealer or 
merchant, stating whether such eggs 
are “cold storage eggs,” ‘‘preserved 
eggs,” or “fresh laid eggs,” under pen¬ 
alty of $10 to $25 for wrongly placard¬ 
ing the eggs, or failing to comply with 
the provisions of the act, and making 
each day eggs are offered in violation 
of the law, a separate offense. The 
bill is in line with the pure food laws 
of Congress, but as they affect only in¬ 
terstate commerce, they need to be sup¬ 
plemented by State law. 
The depredations of foxes in some 
parts of the State make poultry keep¬ 
ing a precarious matter, and the loss 
of wild game killed by these animals 
is attracting the attention of the vari¬ 
ous sportmen’s associations, the rod and 
gun clubs, Audubon societies, etc., and 
action looking to a large increase in 
the bounty offered by the State for kill¬ 
ing these animals is likely to be taken. 
The poultry association is ready to co¬ 
operate with all these societies. Within 
16 miles of Boston the raising of 
turkeys has been abandoned on account 
of the loss by foxes. A member of 
the Connecticut Legislature testified 
before the Fish and Game Committee 
at the 1907 session, that he lost $600 
worth of turkeys in one year by foxes, 
and the writer of this article lost about 
$100 worth of chickens the same year 
by these animals. The loss of wild 
game, of course, cannot be computed, 
but after the November snows shut up 
the poultry, in their houses, there 
is absolutely nothing but the wild 
game for foxes to subsist on for 
five or six months. The present scarcity 
of game, necessitating the importation 
of game birds from outside the State, 
is interesting the gun clubs, and caus¬ 
ing them to work in harmony with the 
poultrymen in efforts to stop the dep¬ 
redations of wild animals, and, in¬ 
cidentally, to make poultry raising a 
more secure and less precarious busi¬ 
ness. 
At Little Compton, Rhode Island— 
the home of the R. I. Reds—nearly 
every farmer keeps one thousand to 
three thousand head of poultry in col¬ 
ony houses scattered all over the farm, 
some of the houses being nearly a mile 
in some cases, from the dwelling 
houses. The fowls are all allowed free 
range, and this is admitted to be the 
healthiest, if not, also, the cheapest 
way to keep poultry. But here in Con¬ 
necticut such a system in most parts of 
the State would result in complete fail¬ 
ure on account of the depredations of 
wild animals. The Poultry Association 
intends to bring about a change in these 
conditions if it is possible. 
Prof. F. C. Elford, of Macdonald 
College. Quebec, Canada, made some 
interesting and remarkable statements 
in his address at the annual meeting 
of the Connecticut Poultry Associa¬ 
tion. He said that with the ther¬ 
mometer showing 22 degrees below zero 
in the poultry houses, they rarely ever 
had a frozen comb, the hens did not 
stop laying and on diet consisting prin¬ 
cipally of frozen wheat, the hens had 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
made a net profit during the year of 
$2.52 per hen. He said that it was im¬ 
possible to freeze a healthy hen if she 
had enough to eat and was acclimated; 
and he also said that a friend of his 
living far to the north, in fact, 60 miles 
inside the Arctic Circle, was keeping 
hens profitably. Prof. Elford has 
charge of the poultry department -at 
Macdonald College, and his standing 
and character places his word beyond 
dispute. 
Another pleasing event was the ad¬ 
dress of J. L. Nix, of the Prairie State 
Incubator Co., who told us that chicks 
hatched in incubators were not equal 
in vitality to hen-hatched chickens, and 
that the loss was cumulative; that is, 
each succeeding generation lost a lit¬ 
tle more than its predecessor. Just 
think of a man—a manufacturer 
standing up and telling the honest 
truth publicly, to the hurt of his own 
business. It is impossible not to ad¬ 
mire and respect such a man. But he 
also told how to overcome this loss of 
vitality in great measure, and that is by 
hatching the males by hens. Another 
point was that by putting the eggs 
under hens for the first 10 days, and 
then finishing the hatch in the incubator 
there was no serious loss of vitality. 
The hens, of course, could be kept sit¬ 
ting for two or three or more hatches. 
Mr. Nix also stated that there was 
some secret about the business that the 
incubator manufacturers had not found 
out, but the Egyptians know it, and in 
their great brick ovens, in which the 
heat is kept up by little straw or char¬ 
coal fires, and in which the attendant 
remains during the entire hatch, the 
secret handed down from father to son 
enables them to give to the “fellah” 
[Egyptian peasant or farmer] bringing 
eggs to be hatched, 75 per cent of the 
number in chicks, the operator depend¬ 
ing for his remuneration on what he 
hatches in excess of the 75 per cent. 
No thermometer is used, the attendant 
depending wholly on the feeling of the 
eggs to his touch, to know when the 
heat is right. Of course, in that warm 
and more equable temperature chicks 
do not have to undergo the changes 
they do in this climate, and Mr. Nix 
did not say whether “white diarrhoea,” 
—that pest of artificially hatched chicks 
here—ever interfered with raising chicks 
in Egypt. Mr. Nix does not think it 
necessary to dry out the eggs so much 
as is generally practised. At the nine¬ 
teenth day of incubation it is the rule 
to have the air chamber in the egg 
equal one-fifth of the contents of the 
egg. But he says it is not necessary 
to dry them out so much; half that 
amount is plenty. On the last day of 
incubation, if the heat runs up to 105 
or 106 degrees, and is very moist, even 
so much so that the water runs down 
the glass door, the conditions are favor¬ 
able for a good hatch. Chicks ought 
not to be allowed to drop down into 
a nursery under the eggs while the 
hatch is going on; the difference in 
temperature is too great, and is sup¬ 
posed to be one of the main causes of 
white diarrhoea. If there is any unoc¬ 
cupied space on the egg tray, push the 
eggs to the back so that the chicks 
coming to the light in front will 
have all the space there is without 
tramping on the hatching chickens. A 
narrow strip of wood may be used to 
close the space where the chicks drop 
down into the nursery. 
Those who attend these meetings of 
the Connecticut Poultry Association are 
well repaid for time and expense by 
“points” obtained. That the Association 
is constantly growing is no wonder 
when it is understood that member¬ 
ship costs only 50 cents. a year, and 
that a year’s, subscription to a weekly 
farm paper is given to each member, 
in which are all the addresses of field 
meetings, annual meetings, etc., and a 
general resume of the work of the 
Association. Membership is not re¬ 
stricted to the State of Connecticut, 
we have many members outside of it. 
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Dept. M- R- Norfolk & Western Ry., Roanoke, Va. 
WESTERN CANADA 
More Big Crops in 1908 
60,000 settlers from the United 
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J. C. Duncan, Canadian Govern¬ 
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