318 
SILO QUESTIONS. 
1 have oak timber standing and a saw¬ 
mill reasonably convenient; plenty stone, 
gravel and sand on the farm. Portland 
cement is worth about $1.50 per barrel, 
labor worth about $1.25 per day. About 
what ought it to cost me to build a silo 
of 75 or 100 ton capacity? I had thought 
of having two feet of cement and twenty- 
eight of oak staves. Ought the staves to 
be longued and grooved? Should I make 
it 12 or 14 feet in diameter? a. j. n. 
Russellville, Ohio. 
You can go four feet in the ground 
if your soil is porous so it will not 
hold water, building the walls around 
the sides of concrete, and setting the 
staves on top of this. It will not be 
necessary to tongue and groove them 
if they are sawed on a bevel. I sug¬ 
gest you write the Maryland Experi¬ 
ment Station, at College Park, Md., 
and ask for their bulletin on silos. 
You will find a picture and description 
is called the “Qould” silo, 
have your lumber sawed so 
as to make the wooden hoops therein 
described, and staves which will cost 
less, and last longer than the staves 
with iron hoops. A silo 32 feet high 
and 14 feet diameter would hold even 
full 100 tons. This does not allow 
for settling four or five feet. Such a 
silo will cost anywhere—with your own 
timber—from $100 to $150, depending 
on which way you build, and how much 
the labor costs. In any event build it 
so it will be substantial, for the silo 
has come to stay. 
EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE. 
THE R.U RAb NEW-YORKER 
loaded with little round nodules so that 
they looked like strings of beads, 
have not always found them so abundant 
but have not failed to find them when I 
looked for them late in Summer, 
think we can plant clover, Alfalfa, cow 
peas and also locust trees, where any 
of them will grow well, and obtain two 
benefits, the direct value of the plants 
raised, and a benefit to the soil where 
they are grown. There are several thou¬ 
sand species in the order Leguminosae, 
many of them of recognized value. 
Would it not be in interesting study to 
find how many of them may be useful as 
soil fertilizers? Reader. 
Lake Grove, L. I. 
March 20, 
6 n 
A NEW YORK FARMERS’ INSTITUTE. 
of what 
You can 
LOCUST TREE AS A SOIL RENOVATOR. 
In 1 he R.N.-Y., page 48, under the 
head of “Ruralisms,” we find some good 
words for the locust tree. I regret, 
with the author of Ruralisms, that in 
some sections the Yellow locust is ser¬ 
iously damaged by the Locust borer. 
Yet it is a very valuable tree, and 
here on Long Island is very commonly 
planted on lawns and roadsides as a 
shade and ornamental tree and for tim¬ 
ber. J lie blooms are greatly enjoyed 
but are of brief duration. The toliage 
and the lofty growth of tlie tree are 
more enduring objects of admiration, 
The timber is commonly recognized and 
valued for its strength and great dura¬ 
bility. There is another thing which I 
think we may well place to the credit 
of the locust tree, but I have seen no men¬ 
tion of it in print. My observation con¬ 
vinces me that the locust tree has con¬ 
siderable value as a soil renovator. On 
our light soil in the middle of the Isl¬ 
and a locust grove makes a much bet¬ 
ter pasture than adjoining fields where 
there are no locust trees, and I have 
often seen corn and other grain crops 
making a much better growth even in 
the shade of large locust trees than at 
a distance from them. Farmers have 
for many years made much account of 
the clovers, cow peas and other legumin¬ 
ous crops for green manuring, and the 
locust tree is a member of the same 
great family of Leguminosae. In re¬ 
cent years our scientific friends have 
been teaching that our leguminous 
plants, such as clover, Alfalfa, and cow 
peas are enabled to gather free nitrogen 
from the atmosphere by the aid of bac¬ 
teria which they find in little nodules 
on the roots of these plants. I have 
not made a study of this subject, and 
it seems very curious to me, and yet I 
am persuaded that there may be some¬ 
thing in it. The free nitrogen of the 
air is one of the freest things in na¬ 
ture, and if these little infinitesimal bac¬ 
teria can catch it, hold and store it in 
vegetable compounds, useful alike as 
food for plants and animals, I certainly 
think they deserve great credit. It may 
be that some have put altogether too 
high an estimate on the value of these 
bacteria and of inoculating soils with 
them, but where they are abundant there 
seems to be good results. I have dug 
up locust roots, taking care to preserve 
the small fibrous roots, and found them 
A farmers’ Institute was held at Hamil¬ 
ton, Madison Co., Tuesday evening and 
Wednesday, February 16 and 17. The in¬ 
stitute was conducted by .Tared Van 
Wagenen, Jr., who needs no introduction to 
the readers of The It. N. Y. Mr. Van 
Wagenen lias the faculty of making the 
farmers feel at home at the institute and 
bringing them into the discussions. This 
is a very strong point with an institute 
director, for when a goodly number of 
questions are brought forward and the 
farmers themselves take part in discussing 
them, a stronger interest is aroused and 
more good is accomplished. 
This year the leading subject of discus¬ 
sion was the problem of introducing 
methods of practical education along agri¬ 
cultural lines in the country schools. Mr. 
McDonnell of the Department of Educa¬ 
tion gave an able and instructive talk on 
this subject. While Mr. McDonnell is a 
very finished speaker ho got right down 
and talked plain common sense in simple 
English, and his talk was warmly received 
by the audience. Among other things, he 
said that the farmer and his wife who 
made slaves of themselves that their son 
and daughter might go to high school and 
learn to play football and shake hands in 
the elevated dead-fish style of society were 
making a mistake. He advocated the edu¬ 
cation of the children, but he maintained 
that the son should take hold and help his 
father with the farm work while at home, 
and that the daughter should likewise help 
her mother in the house. lie also said that 
the high schools of the country towns 
should teach simple farm chemistry and 
kindred subjects. 
Prof. Shepardson, principal of the Col¬ 
gate Academy, gave an address on the 
subject of education also. Prof. Shepard¬ 
son said that a strong brain must be nour¬ 
ished by a strong body, and advocated the 
athletic training in the schools. This is 
fine for the town and city boys, but the 
farmer’s boys can find plenty of exercise at 
home, even of the dangerous and exciting 
football variety if they take to breaking 
the colts and training the bulls. Mr. Van 
Wagenen talked Wednesday evening on the 
education of the farmer’s boys and he 
brought out the fact that a good many 
farm boys had become illustrious men with 
hut little school education. He maintained 
wasting both time aud money 
educating a flve-cent 
boy had the capabili- 
that it was 
to spend $5,000 
boy, but that if 
in 
tlie 
had 
ties and was willing to do his part, he 
should have the best education attainable. 
Mr. F. W. Card of Pennsylvania spoke 
on small fruits and the beautifying of the 
farm home. Mr. Card has had a wide ex¬ 
perience. having had charge of the hor¬ 
ticultural department of the Rhode Island 
and Kansas stations, and other prominent 
positions. He told us that we should 
pause in our struggle to make money, and 
that we should give more attention to 
raising fruits and garden produce, thus 
adding to the quality of the farmer’s food 
and prolonging his life. He also said that 
a little attention to the farm surroundings 
added much to the attractiveness of the 
home, and helped to keep the sons and 
daughters from leaving the farm. 
Mr. Van Wagenen spoke on the feeding 
of the dairy cow, and illustrated the value 
of the balanced ration. He especially 
showed the fallacy of buying the proprie¬ 
tary mixed feeds of the markets, and said 
that a little cheap molasses was being 
made to cover a “multitude of sins,” or 
in other words, a multitude of oat hulls, 
mill sweepings and weed seeds. He also 
cautioned the farmers against buying 
“stock foods" or patent medicines for ani¬ 
mals. He. said that if one’s animals were 
sick to call a veterinary If one did not 
know the proper medicine for them, and if 
they were not sick, it was pure folly to 
dose them with stuff costing $300 or $400 
per ton that was worth no more than $30 
per ton. 
Mr. G. E. Martin spoke on modern 
potato growing, and gave an excellent 
plan of selecting seed, along with a tho¬ 
rough description of the growing. Mr. 
Martin planted but one kind last vear— 
IS acres of Sir Walter Raleigh. Mr. Martin 
also told of tile drainage, and described 
the way he drained his 85-acre farm. He 
talked on planting the home grounds, and 
named the choicest roses and other vari¬ 
eties of flowers. Hamilton is famous for 
its institute meetings', and one has been 
held here every Winter for a good manv 
years. Commissioner Pearson was inclined 
not to allow' one here this Winter, but 
when our Mr. W. F. Ingalls, representing 
the Hamilton Grange, cannot convince the 
Commissioner that an institute is needed_ 
is is a very cold Winter, which this is not. 
J. GRANT MORSE. 
Sound Horses 
The soundest and cleanest limbed 
horse3 are liable to go lame at any time, 
lie ready for emergencies. For curing 
Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint, Swell¬ 
ings and all forms of Lameness, horse¬ 
men everywhere acknowledge the super¬ 
iority of 
Kendall’s 
Spavin Cure 
West Middlesex, Pa., Nov. 18,1907. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co., Enostiurg Kails Vt., 
centlemenI have used KendalKsSpavln 
Cure for swollen joints, cuts, hrulses and 
spavin, also for human flesh, with great re¬ 
sults. Pleasesend mocopy of “Treatise on the 
Horse and h Is Diseases.” 
Very truly yours, 'William Lee. 
Asa liniment for family use It has no equal. 
Price $1, 6 for $5. Ask your druggist for 
Kendall’s Spavin Cure, also" A Treatise on the 
Horse,” the hook free, or address 
Or. B. J. Kendall Co., Enosburg Falls, Vt. 
‘SaveTheHorse’SpavinCure. 
RCG. TRADE MARI\ 
% 
BINGHAM BROTHERS COMPANY 
(Founded by Samuel Bingham in 164U). 
Manufacturer* of +* 
“MACHTNECAST” PRINTERS' ROLLERS. 
No. 406 Pearl St., New York. 
The Troy Chemical Co., Binghamton, N. Y,. 
We have a valuable truck horse which could not be replaced 
short of $700, which developed a ringbone. The veterinary 
surgeons had tried all their knowledge without result, except¬ 
ing to succeed in laying the horse up. For the purpose of 
“calling your bluff" in your advertising we purchased a bottle 
from C. M. Moseman & Bro., of this city, and following the di¬ 
rections diligently with the result that the ringbone has en¬ 
tirely disappeared and the horse is no longer lame, has picked 
up flesh and today is in just as good condition as any horse 
could be, and it would bo impossible for one who has not 
known to determine on which leg the ringbone had been. 
The writer, being a lover of horses, is giving you this testi¬ 
monial for the purpose of passing his experience along to 
other owners. BINGHAM BROTHFRS CO., 
HUBERT M. BINGHAM, Pres. 
... . _ Walton, Ky. 
S thfnk yon have the best on the market. I cured a very 
valuable horse of two very bad splints and thorough pin with 
your “Save-the-Horse," purchased of Do w's Drug Store, Cin¬ 
cinnati, Ohio. Very truly, J. H. ROGERS, Box 62. 
AA a bottle with signed gnaranto. or contract. Send 
^ . VV for copy.booklet and letters from business men and 
trainers on every kind of case. Permanently cures Bparln, 
ThoronglipIn.UIngbonetexcept low). Curb, Splint, Capped 
Hoek,« Indpntr.Sho* Roll, Injured Tendons and all Lameness. No 
scar or loss of hair.Horse works as usual. Dealers or Express 
Paid.Troy Chemical Co. 24 Commercial Ave.,Binghamton N.V. 
Moon Blindness 
“VISIO” 
Wonderful 
Discovery 
CAN BE 
CURED 
DISEASES of tlie EYE 
successfully treated with 
this NEW REMEDY. 
AN ABSOLUTE CURE 
for Moon lilindness, (Ophthalmia), Con¬ 
junctivitis and Cataract, Shying horses 
all suffer from diseased eyes. A trial will 
convince any horse owner that this remedy abso¬ 
lutely cures defects of the eye, Irrespective of the 
length of time the animal has been afflicted. No 
matter how many doctors have tried and failed, use 
“VISIO,” use It under our GUARANTEE; your 
money refunded if under directions it 
does not effect a cure. “YOU l'AY FOIt 
RESULTS ONLY.” $3.00 per bottle, 
postpaid on receipt of price. 
Vlsio Remedy Ass’n., 1938 Wabash Ave., Chicago, III. 
SILO 
SPECIAL LOW PRICE 
TO EARLY BUYERS 
HOOPS 
3 Hoops, % in., for 12 ft. Silo | 01 1 
7 Hoops, y, in., for 12 ft. Silo j 1 .H/ 
GUARANTEED NOT TO BREAK. 
Address ELMElt B. LACEY, Union, New York. 
GREEN MOUNTAIN 
SILOS 
Better Material 
Superior design and 
construction 
Greater durability 
A tempting discount 
for EARLY Orders 
Don’t wait 
Write NOW 
Creamery Package Mfg Co. 
West St.. Rutland, Vt. 
MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 
NEGLECT 
Will Ruin 
YourHorse 
Send today for , „„ _ 
only \ ‘"v. 
PERMANENT 
SAFE 
CERTAIN 
$3 PACKAGE 
wiil cure any case or 
money refunded. 
SB PACKAGE 
cures ordinary cases. 
Postpaid on receipt of 
price. Agents Wanted. 
Write for descriptive booklet. 
Mineral Heave Remedy Co.. 461 fourth Avenue, Pittsburg, 
DE1TN TO HE1YES! «|wrqii'S 
GUARANTEED^., temper Cure. A Veterinary 
Remedy for Wind, Throat and 
*r Stomach Troubles. It acts oa 
:***“ the Kespir&tive and Digestivo 
Organs, their Nerve Supply aud on 
.the Blood. 
— o 25 years in successful use proves 
-■ ■■ — its worth for Heaves, Coughs, Indigestion, 
Epizootics. $1.00 per can, at dealers, or sent direct prepaid. 
Bend for booklet, valuable information, andstrong endorsements. 
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO., Toledo, Ohio 
Paint With out Oil 
Remarkable Discovery That Cuts 
Down the Cost of Paint Seventy- 
Five Per Cent. 
L HE R0SS SILO 
The only Silo on the market 
with the following important 
features: 
Silo doors on hinges. 
Continuous all-wood 
ladder. Triple beveled 
door and frame. 
Ova! door frame and ex¬ 
tra heavy hoops and lugs. 
Every stave beveled and 
hoops bent for exact diam¬ 
eter. Fully Guaranteed. 
Write for 32-page Silo catalog. 
THE E. W. BOSS CO. Ext. IS50. 
Box 13, Springfield, Ohio 
We are Engineers at tlie business. 
A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Every¬ 
one Who Writes. 
A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of 
Adams, N. Y., has discovered a process of 
making a new kind of paint without the use 
of oil. He calls It Powdrpaint. It comes in the 
form of a dry powder and all that Is required is 
cold water to make a paint weather proof, lire 
proof and as durable as oil paint. It adheres to 
any surface, wood, stone or brick, spreads and 
looks like oil paint aud costs about one-fourth as 
much. 
Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, Manuf’r., 27 North 
St., Adams, N. Y., and he will send you a free 
trial package, also color card and full Informa¬ 
tion showing you how you can save a good many 
dollars. Write to-day. 
ITT M ^S 0 NEW Bay Pro P°* , « lon - 
||P B I ■ Positively best ever mad. by uj factory. 
" " ■ —. 1 Save Yon 
GAL LOWAY^BsS 
Saves Yon 83% to 50% 
lowest prices, best proposition over 
made In buggy history. Get it be¬ 
fore buying a buggy of any kind. 
It helps you pay for buggy. Also 
harness, wagons, implements, eto. 
WM. GALLOWAY CO. 
666 Galloway Sta. Waterloo, la. 
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR 
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE 
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING 
INTERNATIONAL 
SILOS 
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest opera 
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoc, 
continuous open-door front—air-tight door and I 
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. 1 
International Silo Co., Ilox jj}, Liuesvllle, fa. 
