334 
'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 27, 
POTATOES AND SCAB. 
* 
Let me tell your readers how I plant 
potatoes with manure and never have 
the scab. Seed is soaked in formation, 
eight ounces (40 per cent solution), 
and 15 gallons water. The land, clover 
sod, if possible, is plowed, not har¬ 
rowed, furrowed with plow, potatoes 
dropped, covered with plow. This 
leaves a very rough surface. Spread 
on from 10 cords manure to as many as 
you can per acre; harrow crosswise 
with spike harrow, follow every three 
days with smoothing harrow until rows 
can be plainly seen. Cultivate weekly, 
spray as they need it and dig. I usu¬ 
ally dig about 40 bushels from each 
barrel (2)^ bushels) of seed planted and 
in five years that I have followed this 
plan and on two different farms I have 
never had scabby potatoes. Yield is at 
rate of 16 to 1, or 192 bushels per acre, 
using 12 bushels of seed. f. e. p. 
Enfield, Mass. 
FERTILIZERS AND STATION REPORTS. 
It is. claimed by certain fertilizer com¬ 
panies in this State that they have of¬ 
fered to furnish the experiment station 
with a chemist, who will show from 
what source the different formulas de¬ 
rive their nitrogen, and they also claim 
that this offer has been refused re¬ 
peatedly. This, it seems to me, is a 
serious charge, and if true, what can 
it signify except that the station is 
working hand in hand with certain of 
the big fertilizer companies? I fail 
to see how the station reports can be 
of much benefit to the average farmer 
so long as he knows not if his nitro¬ 
gen is of an available nature. If certain 
of our State “guardians” are working 
the “rake-off” trick in this fertilizer 
business, we farmers propose to know 
it, and if some of our companies are 
putting a straight article on the mar¬ 
ket, and are willing to give an ex¬ 
perimental guarantee of the source of 
their nitrogen, it seems to me that 
our State experiment station should 
give such companies the benefit of their 
official approval. If there is any plan 
of action you can suggest to your 
readers whereby they can get at the 
root of this matter, we will execute. 
There are some mixtures for sale in 
this vicinity which analyze high in am¬ 
monia. also in potash and phosphoric 
acid, but as the selling price is only 
$30 per ton it is quite evident that 
they must be made up of something 
which is cheap and probably not avail¬ 
able. How are we going to be able to 
know? I have reason to think that 
quantities of peat are used, which I un¬ 
derstand would give it a good analysis, 
but is not available. L. H. R. 
Harwinton, Conn. 
R. N.-Y.— Is this statement made by 
the Buffalo Fertilizer Company? We 
take the responsibility of saying that 
no such offer to furnish a chemist has 
been made to the Connecticut Station 
and that no such offer has been re¬ 
fused. Furthermore, in all the country 
there is no more reliable, honest and 
accurate work done in sampling and 
analyzing fertilizers than is done at the 
Connecticut station. 
Manufacturers often tell the station 
chemists what their fertilizers contain 
and it needs no chemist to tell that. 
If you have any doubt about the qual¬ 
ity of fertilizer sold by any manu¬ 
facturer what reason have you for be¬ 
lieving what these manufacturers or 
their chemists say? There is no doubt 
but that some manufacturers are using 
dried peat in their fertilizers. Some 
of this dry peat runs as high as three 
per cent of nitrogen, but practically all 
of this is unavailable as compared with 
nitrate, dried blood or tankage. When 
this peat is mixed with cotton seed 
meal and other vegetable matter it 
cannot be proved by any present known 
chemical test. Therefore, while a 
chemist may be morally sure the peat 
is present he could not swear to it as 
he could other forms of nitrogen. Thus 
the manufacturer gets credit for nitro¬ 
gen at 16 cents or more per pound 
while it is worth barely four cents. The 
insinuations you make read like those 
reported to us, as started by the Buf¬ 
falo Fertilizer Co., and that is why we 
ask if that concern is responsible for 
them in this case. 
We suggest the following “plan of 
action.” Send to your experiment sta¬ 
tion for the fertilizer bulletin and study 
it. On page 510 you will find analyses 
of 265 fertilizers. You will see that 
three forms of nitrogen are given for 
each. For example, on page 512, the 
Buffalo High-Grade Manure is guar¬ 
anteed to contain 3.3 per cent of nitro¬ 
gen. The chemists find 2.82 per cent. 
Here are analyses of several fertil¬ 
izers made by this concern: 
High Grade Manure. 
Fish Guano . 
Farmer’s Choice . . . . 
Celery and Potato. 
Form 
of Nitrogen. 
Ni¬ 
Am¬ 
Or¬ 
trates. 
monia. 
ganic. 
.1.19 
0.68 
0.95 
0.12 
1.20 
0.97 
'. 0.22 
0.82 
1.14 
0.38 
1.37 
Now, the nitrates represent the forms 
of nitrogen which are at once available 
as plant food. The “ammonia” is a 
little less available, but will quickly be 
ready—the “organic” may, for aught we 
know, be peat, leather or forms which 
could not possibly feed this season’s 
crops. Your greatest danger of paying 
for dry peat and similar nitrogen is in 
buying the fertilizers which contain 
most “organic nitrogen.” Any man 
can, with a little study, learn from the 
Connecticut bulletin what the fertilizers 
contain. Keep away from the brands 
which carry a large per cent of organic. 
Buy nothing but available nitrogen— 
the nitrates and “ammonia.” 
HEATING HOUSE FROM DAIRY BOILER. 
E. J. 11., Marshfield, Mo— Is it practical 
to heat our house of six large rooms and 
two at dairy bouse from a dairy boiler 
that will carry a steam pressure of 60 
pounds? For this purpose what horse¬ 
power in a vertical boiler shall we need, 
having use for three horse power to operate 
the dairy machinery? House stands so that 
all condensation will flow back to the 
boiler. Do they make radiators to stand 
this 60 pounds pressure? We could use 
reducers to reduce the pressure in radia¬ 
tion system and have the condensation run 
back into well and be pumped from that 
back into the boiler, but this we wish to 
avoid, as it necessitates attention. Can 
you help us on this? 
Ans. —Your plan is practicable, but un¬ 
less conditions are such as to warrant 
it, would probably be expensive to in¬ 
stall and costly to operate. Sixty pounds 
pressure would be dangerous and un¬ 
necessary. Five or six pounds is high 
enough, and 10 unusual. Such heating 
as you suggest is usually done by <he 
exhaust steam. If live steam is used 
that would necessitate a reducing valve. 
Unless you are obliged to keep up steam 
for power purposes it would doubtless 
be much more economical to install a 
separate steam or hot water system en¬ 
tirely independent of the power boiler. 
Some years ago I tried the experiment 
of heating a house of 12 rooms by 
utilizing a six horse-power boiler in my 
shop 200 feet away, which ran a three 
horse-power engine. I got the heat, but 
it cost too much, and I then put in hot 
water, which gives fine results at low 
cost. The town of Bristol, Conn., a 
large manufacturing one, has the busi¬ 
ness buildings and residences about its 
central part heated from steam mains 
that run from the electric light and trol¬ 
ley station. Exhaust steam, principally, 
is used. I visited a factory recently 
where all the heating was done from 
the exhaust steam taken from the 
power house some distance away. This 
is common practice hereabouts. There 
is no doubt about your plan being work¬ 
able, but there is a question about its 
convenience and economy, w. H. m. 
The Missus: “You let that police¬ 
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“Sure, mum, an’ would yez have me 
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Nitrate of Soda 
Nitrate Sold in Original Bags 
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64 Stone Street, New York 
Keyser Building, Baltimore, Md. 
36 Bay Street, East, Savannah, Ga. 
305 Baronne Street, New Orleans, La. 
140 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111. 
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