360 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 3j 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and .address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬ 
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not 
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only 
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
THE AVOCADO PEAR. 
The last of the crop of pears has 
been sold, and the prices received the 
past Winter are -the highest ever real¬ 
ized. The prices on these peaVs has 
been steadily rising during the last 10 
years. They are packed in crates hold¬ 
ing three dozen each. They sold in 
early December in lots of 100 crates, 
at $12 per crate, or $4 per dozen. At 
Christmas they brought, as usual, $6 
per dozen. During January they sold 
at $1 each, and higher during Febru¬ 
ary. There was a fine lot exhibited 
at the Dade Co. fair, March 2 to 5. 
At the close of the fair these sold 
readily at $2 each. It is certainly en¬ 
couraging to the growers to know that 
there are • people willing to pay $2 
apiece for these pears when they can¬ 
not be had for less. Charles parry. 
Miami, Fla. 
Heading Young T-ees. 
C. IF. /S'., Stone Mountain, Ga .— I wish 
to cut off the tops of the whips and 
branched apple trees I am setting out, so 
that the trees, at maturity will have the 
lower limbs about 20 or 22 inches from 
the ground. That being the case, how high 
from the ground shall I do the cutting as 
mentioned above? In other words, how 
much more than 20 or 22 inches shall be 
allowed before doing the cutting? If the 
tree is bare of limbs for more than 20 or 
22 inches can new limbs be made to grow 
below so as to have the lower limbs down 
where desired? 
Axs.—We should use yearling trees, 
and cut back to 2]/ 2 or three feet. On 
older trees with a large growth the 
crotch is often formed, and the buds 
below it have been cut or stripped off. 
Qn the younger trees these buds are 
left, and branches start out from the 
ground up. The tree can be headed to 
suit by nipping off the buds so as to 
start limbs where they are wanted. We 
plant peach trees in the same way— 
pears vary much in growth, and should 
be started and pruned to suit the va¬ 
riety. Plums in a chicken yard should 
be headed high, so the fowls can work 
under them. 
Spraying for Codling Moth. 
G. A. M.j Kittery Depot, Me. —Pleas© 
give directions for spraying apple orchard 
against Codling moths. Just when is the 
most effective time? 
Ans.— First spraying, apply immedi¬ 
ately after blossoms drop one-third to 
one-half pound of Paris green—or two 
pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gal¬ 
lons of water. Second spraying, ap¬ 
ply two weeks later a poison spray 
of similar strength. Third spraying, 
for second brood apply a poison spray 
of strength similar to that applied at 
the first two sprayings 25 to 30 days 
after the first adult larvte are found 
under bands. (A few trees in the or¬ 
chard having had burlap bands placed 
around them and under which the larvae 
will hide and furnish data for third 
spraying.) At time of first spraying 
there are no Codling moth larvae to 
kill; in fact, at that time even the eggs 
have not yet been laid, and yet it has 
been demonstrated beyond question that 
this spraying is the all-important one, 
if the Codling moth is to be controlled. 
At this spraying the importance of fill¬ 
ing each and every calyx cavity with 
the poison spray must be emphasized, 
for results depend largely upon the 
thoroughness of this first spraying. If 
one will watch the development of an 
apple from the blossom, he will see 
that at eight to 12 days after the blos¬ 
soms drop the calyx lobes gradually 
draw together and inclose or cover the 
calyx cavity and the apples begin grad¬ 
ually to droop downwards. In spray¬ 
ing after this time it is impossible to 
put poison within the calyx cavity. 
It has been found that a very large 
percentage of the young larvae (es¬ 
timated from 60 to 95 per cent of 
first brood) enter the apple by the 
calyx cavity and first commence feed¬ 
ing there, and if there is a meal of 
poison awaiting them they stop and 
go no further. The Washington State 
Experiment Station recently issued one 
or two bulletins in which they claim 
that this first spraying should be ap¬ 
plied at a pressure of 150 to 200 pounds, 
and thrown downward from a coarse 
'nozzle in the upturned calyx cups of 
the young apples, which have just 
dropped their petals, the object being 
to fill the inner calyx cavity with the 
poison spray, and claiming it was im¬ 
possible to do so with nozzles throwing 
a fine mist. They attained remarkable 
results with a spray applied in this 
manner, and using only one pound of 
arsenate of lead to 40 gallons of water, 
and claim that if this first spraying i 
is thoroughly done and the orchard 
comparatively isolated, future sprayings 
might possibly be dispensed with. The ! 
Ohio Experiment Station found but lit¬ 
tle difference in results between a fine 
or coarse nozzle, if the spraying was 
thoroughly and carefully done, but 
agree with the Washington State Ex¬ 
periment Station that the first spray¬ 
ing was the important one. 
The second spraying, two to three 
weeks after the first spraying, should 
be applied with a fine nozzle, the ob¬ 
ject being to cover the leaves and small 
fruit so far as possible with the poison 
spray. The eggs of the first brood are 
largely laid upon the leaves near the 
young apples and they sometimes feed 
slightly upon leaves or surface of the 
young apple, and a few may be pois¬ 
oned in this way. Third spraying is 
applied as a fine mist to all parts of 
foliage and fruit. This spraying is 
applied at about the time when the 
first eggs of second brood are hatch¬ 
ing, and tries to cover the surface 
of the partly grown apples and leaves 
with the poison spray so as to kill 
the young larvae feeding slightly upon 
the leaves or as they enter into the 
side of the apple. The Ohio Experi¬ 
ment Station found but little difference 
in results between Paris-green or ar¬ 
senate of lead, but the Washington 
Station claims that arsenate of lead is 
superior to other poisons because it 
sticks better, is more finely divided and 
stays in suspension longer, and is 
not injurious to foliage when used at 
any reasonable strength. The one 
point to be emphasized above all others 
is. the first spraying at proper time, ap¬ 
plied in a thorough manner. In the 
light of present knowledge this cannot 
be emphasized too much. Bulletins of 
the two experiment stations mentioned 
relative to Codling moth could be • 
studied to advantage by all growers. 
B. d. v. B. 
Hotbeds. — I have seen ways innumerable 
to make hotbeds in the farm papers, but 
have noticed a few mistakes which the 
beginner might be drawn into easily, and 
as it is still the season in some of the 
Northern States to do such work I venture 
a few suggestions. You need, no pit in 
the first place, as the. level ground is far 
better. Just throw your manure down in 
a loose bed the shape of the frame, only 
one foot larger, so the frame will be able 
1o sit on it and go down with it when 
settling, and have the manure come up in 
the frame to within six inches of top. Then 
put on four inches of earth. Be sure to 
let the weeds start, and give a good raking 
to kill them. Then when the bed is cool 
enough, but don’t hurry, sow your seeds, 
and you will get stocky plants, as you don’t 
have to go down in a pit to get a lot of 
long-waisted plants. The trouble with a 
pit is the manure settles and the frame 
does not. I have made hundreds of surface 
beds, and never lost any plants by frost to 
speak of. Look out for dry manure in 
making the bed. as it will not'heat. Throw 
water on it. Never get in a bed with vour 
feet; all the packing needed can be done 
with the back of a fork. You can stop 
manure from heating by too much packing. 
New Jersey. P 0 . H 
‘Tor the Land’s Sake use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers: thev enrich the earth and 
those who till it. Write Bowkcr Fer¬ 
tilizer Co., Boston, New York, or Buf¬ 
falo, who make attractive propositions 
to farmers who will act as agents. 
Illustrated catalogue free.”— Adv. 
FROM GROWER TO PLANTER 
Ellwanger 
& Barry’s 
TK££S 
Shrubs, Roses 
Evergreens 
and 
Hardy Plants 
Are Famous 
The World Over 
Best stock at reasonable prices. No 
agents. Commissions saved. Collections 
unequalled. Beautiful illustrated cata¬ 
logue mailed free on request. 
IliH.I.'TI MWBWMIII PM III I 
MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES 
Established 1840 Box K, Rochester, N. Y. 
34 YEARS GROWING 
EVERGREENS 
and Forest trees. Over 38 
tested hardy varieties. All 
Nursery grown. We have 
over 50 millions and ship 
safely to all parts of the 
country. Our trees live 
and grow, because they 
have good roots. Large as 
well as small trees supplied. 
81.00 and up per thousand. 
Our new catalog is a mine of information 
have a beautiful Windbreak, Hedge, Shelterbelt or 
Screen with the hardiest of Evergreens at a very low- 
cost. Our Bargain sheet describes 50 bargain lots from 
81.00 per 100 and up. Millions of Nursery grown Forest 
trees. Shade and Ornamentals, Shrubs. Roses and Vines. 
Send today for free Catalog and Bargain sheet. 
Evergreen Specialist 
Box 212, Dundee, Illinois 
You can 
D. HILL 
PEACH TREES 
Fine stock, 2—3 ft. $1.00 a dozen, $:i.00 a hundred. 
Carman. Champion. Early Crawford, Late Craw¬ 
ford, Elberta. Globe, Ml., Rose, Niagara, Old 
Mixon, Stump, Waddell and Mayflower. 
ASPARAGUS ROOTS 
$4.00 per M. Conovers, Palmetto and Bair's. 
Satisfaction Guaranteed. Prompt Shipment. 
BUKK NURSERIES, Manchester, Conn. 
ELBERTA REACH 
The most profitable pencil ever introduced. 
MISS LOLO 
The very best medium early peach. 
MAULES EARLY 
The earliest of nil peaches and It tastes like a pencil. 
We have 70 more varieties hut make a specialty of these. 
Our beautiful descriptive catalogue tells all about them. 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., 
Higbtstown, New Jersey. 
hL° GRAPEVINES 
09 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, «fco. BestRoot- 
ed Stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c. 
Descriptive price-list free. Lewis Koesch,Itox K ,Fi'edonia,N.Y 
Do You Want 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS? 
If you want a dozen plants or a 
million, write us. In our climate and 
soil strawberry plants grow at their 
best. You know how vigorous and 
healthful crops of any kind grow on 
newly cleared land. Our strawberry 
plants are grown on virgin soil among 
the stumps, the first crop the land ever 
produced. 
We therefore have the most vigorous, 
strong rooted plants it is possible to 
grow under any conditions, and mil¬ 
lions of them. 
Write for our 1909 Catalogue, giving full de¬ 
scription of all varieties. Catalogue also tells about 
the Apple, Peacb, Pear, Plum and Cherry Trees, 
California Privet, etc., grown on our 1,100 acre 
nursery. It is free—but if you plant trees or plants 
this season it will be worth dollars to you. 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES 
Box 432, Berlin, Md, 
200 for 25c 
Do you love flowers? I do and 
I wanteveiyorctohaveplenty. 
My special hobby is the Gladi¬ 
olus, and I have. one of the 
finest co'lections in the 
world. I have nearly 1,000 
varities, many of them 6 
inches across—every color 
of the rainbow—will grew 
anywhere. 
Just for a Starter 
Send me 25c and I will mail 
you 200 bulblets of my 
finest varities (1,000 for 
$1.00) postpaid, with full 
cultural instructions. Some 
will bloom this year, and 
all will make large bulbs 
which will bloom and mul¬ 
tiply next year. Large 
bulbs ready to bloom, 30c 
per dozen. Rare varieties 
more. 
Field’s Seed Book Free 
I wrote it myself—20 years ex¬ 
perience in It—just what you want 
to know about flowers, farm and 
garden seeds. Tells bow I test 
and guarantee them to make good. 
Write today before the bulbs and 
books are gone. 
Henry Field Seed Co. 
Box 26 Shenandoah, Iowa, .if 
.— ■ ■■■■ ■ ■!■■■■■■ ,*rJhl 
DEAD TD E E C~ 5 to 7 ft., 15 cents each. All 
r Ell91 I flCE*) varieties. KielTcr 10 cents 
each. New Strawberries and Raspberries. Cata¬ 
log free. W. A. ALLEN & SON, Geneva, O. 
YEARLING FRUIT TREES 
Standard and Donein Apples, Cherry, Pear & Plum, 
Grown lor our own use. Tartar King Oats, $1.15 
hu. Sacks free. SAMUEL FKASEli,Geneseo, N.Y. 
FRUIT TREES—SHRUBS—ROSES 
Hardy, thrifty, well developed, librous-rooted n-eesand 
plants at prices which, after you investigate will attract 
your close attention. Assortment and quality unsur¬ 
passed. Catalogue free. THOMAS MARKS & CO., 
Nurserymen, Geneva, New York. 
MILLIONS OF TREES 
PLANT', VINES, HOSES, ETC. 
The oldest, largest and most complete nursery 
in Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable. 
Agents wanted. 1. IS. ILGENFRITZ SONS CO. 
The MONROF NURSKRY. Monroe, Michigan. 
Peach Trees 
$3 to $7 per 
1(H). 
Myer A- Sox, 
UridgevfMe, Del. 
PEACH TBEES--BERRY PLANTS 
——Egufta frr —■ t«i n-ii i i— flow to grow them successfully. Over 
forty varieties of strawberry plants; a book brimful of good tilings: write for it. 
BARNES BROS. NURSERY COMPANY, Box 8, Yalesville, Conn. 
STRONG, HEALTHY, CHOICE NURSERY STOCK 
We offer for Spring of 1909 the finest and largest assortment of Fruits and 
Ornamentals that we have ever grown and they cannot be surpassed. 
Write today for our Free Illustrated Catalogue which will show you just what you 
want for your Spring Planting. 
We are always pleased to quote special prices on your list and can give you the 
right figures for the right stock. 
We do landscape dnrrieuiiig in nil its hrnnehes. Don't place your order until you get our prices. 
T. J. DWVEIt & CO., P. O. Box 1, Cornwall, New York. 
wtt urgrijCji sp F i%'V;Z L vi es $6.50 ‘usi 5 $6.50 
Beautiful well formed, well rooted 2 year trees, 3 y, to j ft. Your choice Delivered to all New Kurland j'oints; also in N. Y.? 
N.J., Pa., Ohio, Mich.. Ind. and 11J. Many other attractive offers in our complete catalogue—it is free. Hundreds of Kuml read: 
ers are familiar, by test, with the values we have offered through these columns for nearly a quarter of a century. Let us send 
you the history of one of the moat productive 11 year old Apple orelutrd** In Western Neu York, planted *»» the 
Filler Syatem. Kstablished 1817. H. S. WILEY & SON, Box 13, Cayuga, New York. 
TREES 
Samples of 
Green’s Prices: 
25 CENT OFFER. 
One Crawford Peach tree, 1 best New Diploma Currant, 
1 Niagara White Grape, 1 Live Forever hardy Rose¬ 
bush, ail delivered at your home, by mail, for 25 cents. 
nnpp||IP nm 1 AD fiCCCD Fourteen trees for $1.00, as follows: 
Ulittn 5 UULLAIf urren, 8 Plum trees, 2 Burbank, 2 Lombard, 
2 Thanksgiving and 2 Abundance; 1 Bartlett Pear, 2 Elberta Peach, 1 Rich¬ 
mond and 1 Montmorency hardy Cherry trees, 2 Live Forever Rosebushes. 
Express Collect. All lor §1.00. Trees about 4 to 5 feet high, 2 years old. 
PDCmiC DIP ACCCD Fifty Plum trees, your choice, about 4 to 5 
UntilN w DIU llrr tn. feet high, 2 years old, for $3.00. 60 Cherry 
trees, your choice, about 4 to 5 feet high, 2 years old, $5.00. Cash with older. 
Send to-day for our 72-page FRUIT CATALOG, 137 fruit pictures, 
., and a copy of BIG FRUIT MAGAZINE, all a gift to you. Estab- 
iend 10 cents for 
etc.; 
lislied 30 years. Capital, $100,000. 
BOOK WORTH A DOLLAR FOR 10 CENTS, 
postage and mailing Green’s Boo 3 on Fruit Growing. 
GREEN’S NURSERY CO. Box 40, Rochester, N.Y. 
