37 0 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 2, 
Ruralisms 
Death of Noted Horticulturists.— 
Almost within the same week Amer¬ 
ican horticulture has suffered the loss 
of two highly successful horticulturists, 
Henry A. Terry, of Crescent, Iowa, 
and Edward V. Hallock, of Queens, 
New York. Mr. Terry was one of 
the most devoted plant breeders this 
country has ever produced. For half 
a century he had been working for the 
development of fruits and flowers bet¬ 
ter adapted to the rigorous climatic 
conditions of his adopted State. For 
a long time he grew seedlings of ap¬ 
ple trees, including the native and 
Asiatic crabs,’ but failed to gain the 
results hoped for. His attention was 
next turned to native plums, and al¬ 
together he originated, and, to a great 
extent, introduced 50 varieties, many 
of the highest value, and all having 
characters of interest to prospective 
plum breeders. Some of these varieties 
succeeded well on the Rural Grounds, 
and are likely to become standards of 
excellence in the localities to which 
they are more especially adapted. Mr. 
Terry's most successful experiments, it 
is believed, were with the production 
of new and superior varieties of her¬ 
baceous paeonies. His productions, num¬ 
bering quite 100 line varieties, are 
ranked by specialists as among the fin¬ 
est known. It is slow work raising 
apples, plums and paeonies from seeds, 
it taking from five to seven years to 
grow the latter to flowering size, while 
the apple as often requires 10 or 12 
years’ growth before fruiting. Mr. 
Terry, .though engaged in the nursery 
business, w.as extremely conservative 
in offering his own productions, pre¬ 
ferring to let them win their way by 
merit alone. The writer is indebted to 
this honorable horticulturist, who had 
reached the ripe age of 83 years, for 
valuable information and interesting 
correspondence. 
Mr. Hallock, though having wide ex¬ 
perience as a plantsman. was best 
known as a grower of lilies, Gladioli 
and bulbous plants, and was one of 
the best-informed men in existence on 
his specialties. During the active years 
of his business life he gathered _ by 
selection, purchase and importation, 
one of the finest collections of Gladi¬ 
oli ever known, consisting of more than 
1.500 distinct varieties, and laid the 
foundation of the commercial culture 
in America of this now extremely pop¬ 
ular flowering plant, an industry now 
affording substantial revenue to many 
R. N.-Y. readers. He brought to this 
country and for 17 years developed 
the magnificent Max Leichtlin hy¬ 
brids of Gladiolus Saundersii, without 
doubt the finest group of hybrids ever 
produced by any individual. Mr. Hal¬ 
lock parted with his collection before 
the Leichtlin hybrids were ready for 
dissemination, and thus lost the oppor¬ 
tunity to link his name with them, 
which he was entitled -to do, from the 
unsparing attention needed to bring the 
mixed strain, as imported, up to his 
high standard of excellence. It has 
since been introduced under the col¬ 
lective name of Gladiolus Childsii, and 
holds its own with the very best of the 
newcomers. Mr. Hallock had a most 
genial and cultured personality and was 
highly esteemed by a wide circle of 
friends. 
Another Fine Hardy Hydrangea.— 
The introduction to commerce of the 
handsome native Hydrangea arbores- 
cens sterilis catalogued as Snowball 
Hydrangea, may be thought almost to 
mark an epoch in hardy shrub culture, 
as it is more graceful and earlier in 
bloom than the extremely popular 
Japan Hydrangea paniculata grandi- 
flora, but even before the general dis¬ 
semination of the native kind -there is 
brought to light another beautiful ster¬ 
ile or snowball-flowered type of Hy¬ 
drangea. this time a variety of H. 
cinerea or radiata, native of Georgia 
and the Carolinas west to Missouri. 
This new Snowball Hydrangea is said 
to be distinct and handsome, both in 
bloom and foliage, the flower heads 
forming in midsummer two weeks 
earlier than the sterile form of H. 
arborescens. The leaves of H. cinerea 
are usually smaller and covered with 
grayish down or tomentum beneath. 
The type is known to be hardy in 
Philadelphia, and may be so much 
further north. 
Something About Ergot. — Every 
farmer who grows rye or Timothy is 
acquainted with the odd fungus growth 
that occasionally takes the place of the 
normal seed or grain, forming a black 
or brownish mass of similar form, but 
many times larger. This fungus, which 
is formed at the expense of the seed 
or grain, totally destroying the latter, 
That’s what the New York Experiment 
Station reports as a 10 year average Gaia 
by Spraying Potatoes. Don’t let blight, 
scab, rot and hues cut your crop in Half 
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THOMAS PEPF-LER, Box 45, Hlghtstown, N. J, 
is known as ergot. It is the mature 
or spore-hearing body of the parasitic 
organism known as Claviceps purpurea, 
living on many different grasses, but 
chiefly infesting rye. When consumed 
in appreciable quantities, it is quite 
poisonous, producing abortion in cattle 
and gangrene of the extremities in hu¬ 
mans, as well as serious digestive trou¬ 
bles. The marked medicinal properties 
of ergot, when given in proper doses, 
causing contraction of involuntary mus¬ 
cular fibers and thus controlling hem¬ 
orrhage. render it of great value in 
medicine. It lias long held an im¬ 
portant place among commercial drugs, 
Russia exporting 216 tons of the crude 
material in 1906, valued at $85,000. The 
ergot of rye is exclusively used for 
this purpose on account of its large 
size and convenience of collecting, but 
that produced by other grains is not 
thought to be materially different in 
chemical composition. Rye is the staple 
grain crop of Russia, and is grown in 
enormous quantities, and ergot is cor¬ 
respondingly plentiful, sometimes as 
many as ten ergotized grains or ‘ horns’! 
being found in a single ear. It is 
collected at harvest time, when the 
grain is thrashed. Rainy seasons are 
favorable to the development of er¬ 
got, which grows to a greater size on 
well-tilled rye than in poor and neg¬ 
lected fields. Although collected as a 
money crop, no effort whatever is made 
to produce ergot, as its presence greatly 
depreciates the value of the grain. It 
is everywhere regarded as a dangerous 
pest and source of disease. Thousands 
of Russians perish during the oc¬ 
casional epidemics of ergotism that af¬ 
flict that country during unproductive 
years, from the exclusive use of bread 
made from rye containing the parasite. 
Everything practical is done to dimin¬ 
ish the pest instead of encouraging it, 
and efforts are occasionally made to 
destroy the infected ears during growth 
before the spores ripen, and thus limit 
the spread of infection. After the 
mature ergot is collected it must be 
dried with some care and is then ready 
for market. It soon loses its fresh¬ 
ness, samples over a year old not be¬ 
ing considered to possess any medicinal 
value. It is said the Russians have a 
way of heating up stale and mouldy er¬ 
got with oil and palming it off as 
freshly gathered, but modern chemical 
analysis is usually able to detect the 
fraud. The peasants collect the drug 
in parcels of about 36 pounds, which 
they sell to local dealers, these in turn 
to jobbers, who transmit it to the 
coast and turn it over to exporters. 
Ergot is common enough in this coun¬ 
try where rye in plentifully grown, but 
rarely becomes a serious pest. Grain 
containing ergot even in small quan¬ 
tity should be considered unfit for hu¬ 
man food, and should be given _ spar¬ 
ingly, if at all, to animals. Chickens 
dispose of it to advantage, as they 
rarely eat the ergotized grains, always 
discriminating in favor of the normal 
ones. Modern milling machinery, how¬ 
ever, has been brought to such perfec¬ 
tion that the unwholesome grains may 
be entirely taken out if the manufac¬ 
turer so wills it. Germany and Spain 
also export considerable quantities of 
ergot, that from Spain being consid¬ 
ered particularly good on account of 
the care used in curing. W. v. F. 
A Farmer’s Plum Peddler. 
Who made the money out of the 
Japan plums? I made several hun¬ 
dred dollars out of them, but they 
were sold by my negro peddler in local 
markets. He was a hustler and went 
to all meetings, revivals, political 
gatherings, baptisings and the like; also 
to Vicksburg, Miss. He was the best 
peddler ever known. One day the 
police arrested him in Vicksburg for 
selling without a license—a thing the 
law gave him a right to do—and he 
sold the policeman who arrested him 
two dozen peaches, and the judge who 
tried him three dozen. One day a negro 
brute murdered my peddler in front of 
his home. I have again planted a 
fine orchard of peaches and plums. 
They told me in Vicksburg the other 
day that they had had no extra fine 
fruit since I quit—I can grow the fruit 
extra fine. Tt may be I can find another 
peddler. There is no money for me in 
shipping fruits by express. 
Louisiana. sam h. james. 
S pO A V Your Fruits, Crops, 
*. p ou itry Houses, and 
do whitewashing with The 
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oiler, -j-jjp Brown Co. 
28 Jay Street, Rochester, N. Y. 
GET THE BEST 
A Good Spray Pump "earns 
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THE ECLIPSE 
is a good pump. As 
practical fruit grow¬ 
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sprayers in our own orchards 
—found their defects and 
invented the Eclipse. Its 
success forced us to manu¬ 
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MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
The Deyo Power Sprayer 
The original. Others have copied. Our3h.p. air¬ 
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R. H. Deyo & Co., Binghamton, N. Y. 
Write For Special Low 
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Spraying 
Outfit 
Barrel, # pump, extension pipe, 
nozzle agitator, hose, everything 
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Sprays hot, cpld or any caustic 
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ROSS BROS. CO., Worcester, Mass. 
THE IMPORTANT FEATURE 
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HOW TO SPRAY-WHEN TO SPRAY— 
WHAT SPRAYERS TO USE. 
IVrite us for a copy. 
THE GOULDS MFG. CO., Seneca Falls, New York, 
New York 
St. Louis 
Boston 
Pittsburg 
Philadelphia 
Minneapolis 
Chicago 
New Orleans 
Los 
Angeles 
Francisco 
ban 
This Shows the H.P.Spramotor Arranged for Spraying' Potatoes 
three nozzies to a row and four 
rows, two spraying from the 
sides and one from the top, 
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Nozzles absolutely will not 
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pound pressure guaranteed 
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can be sprayed in 20 minutes. 
Has agitator clean-out pressure 
relief into tank, and nozzle 
protector all under control of 
the driver from seat. For one 
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orchards, vineyards and grain 
crops. Can be operated by 
hand. 
This Ad. toill not appear ayain 
in this paper. 
If interested write now. 
HEARD,1 240 Erie Street,Buffalo, New Y 
with 
Empire King. 
He who attempts to grow fruits without a Sprayer is handi¬ 
capped. Blight and bugs, rot and rust, mold and mildew, all 
conspire to damage the crop, and in all cases succeed if the Firmer does 
not spray. This is the only hand mimp having automatic agitator and brush for clean¬ 
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PRATTS** 
SCALECIDE 
ff WILL POSITIVELY 
DESTROY 
SAN JOSE SCALE 
and all soft,bodied sucking insects without injury to the tree. Simple, more effective and cheaper t han Lime Sulphur. Not an experiment. 
Write for FREE sample and endorsements of leading fruit growers and entomologists who have used it for vears. 
___ _ “POCKET DIARY WITH SPRAY CALENDAR FREE IF YOU MENTION THIS PAPER.” 
PRICES: 50 gal. bbl. $35.00; 30 gal. tin $15.00; 10 gal. can $6.00; 5 gal. can $3.25; 1 gal. can $1.00 f. o. b. New York. 
One gallon makes 16 to 20 gallons spray by simply adding water. Order now; spring spraying your last chance. 
13- Gc- Co., HVtfg;. ClicmiHts, 33cpt. 3NT, 50 Church St. ZPvTYorli City 
