1909. 
4f5l 
THE RURAL N FC W-YORKER 
Cement Pipes for Irrigation. 
S., St. Petersburg, Fla ,—I wish to irri¬ 
gate 2% acres and also carry water to iny 
pigeon houses, henhouses, barn, etc. Will a 
system of cement pipes such as one of your 
writers referred to in a recent issue he 
feasible? Galvanized pipe here costs eight 
cents a foot for 1^4-inch and if I could 
use the cement it would be a big sav¬ 
ing. We never have frost or ice here, so 
there would he no danger of freezing. Sand 
I have right on the place. Can I mix the 
cement and sand together alone, and in 
what proportion? What size openings in 
pipes would you suggest? Would three- 
inch for the leading pipes and two-inch 
for branches be all right or should all be 
same size? I want to irrigate the 2 '/> 
acres on which I have fruit and ornamen¬ 
tal trees and a lawn. I shall irrigate this 
by means of whirling sprays on each faucet. 
In barn and hennery I shall have regular 
faucets. Will cement pipes be feasible? 
Ans.— Cement is becoming more and 
more a leading material in engineering 
construction, but I doubt its ever sup¬ 
planting iron as a conductor of water 
under pressure. The water mains of 
cities are laid of iron, and if cement 
was a better material hydraulic engi¬ 
neers would be using it. I should start 
the system with one-inch supply pipe 
for each irrigating faucet and increase 
the size of mains and sub-mains in 
proportion to the volume they must 
carry to supply the several ''branches. 
The amount of water that pipes of a 
given size will carry would of course 
be determined by the height of the sup¬ 
ply tank, for which no data is here 
given, but for irrigating Florida sand 
there is not much danger of getting the 
pipes too large. If the inquirer de¬ 
cides to use cement instead of iron 
pipes I would advise sending to the de¬ 
partment at Washington for free bulle¬ 
tin No. 235, which is a far more com¬ 
plete treatise on “Cement, Mortar and 
Concrete for Use on the Farm” t’.an 
the space here would permit. 
J. F. VAN SCHOONHOVEN. 
Cover Crops for Young Orchard. 
It, M. -J., Mattie .—I am starling an or¬ 
chard on a western slope in Kennebec Co., 
Maine. Last Spring the young trees were 
set out, without any particular preparation 
being given to the soil; in the Autumn 
they were alive and looking moderately 
well, but had made but poor growth when 
compared with those of my neighbor, who 
had raised a fine crop of potatoes in his 
young orchard. This difference gave me 
food for thought for the Winter, and I have 
been making a careful study of the situa¬ 
tion, and have made the following plan 
for this Summer: I had the land plowed 
last Autumn, and a generous coating of 
manure worked in around the trees. This 
Spring l shall manure the ground well, 
harrow it thoroughly, and plant corn, using 
fertilizer in the hills. A canning factory 
in our neighborhood gives us a sure 
market; I shall cultivate the corn until the 
first of August, then sow the field to Red 
clover, which will be a cover crop for 
the Winter and be ready to plow in next 
Spring, i had thought my plans were en¬ 
tirely fixed, until I saw in the letter from 
E. M. S., North Hampton, N. II., a sug¬ 
gestion that he may be too far north for 
Crimson clover (page 297). Is Red clover 
and Crimson the same? Will rye return as 
much to the soil as clover? 
Ans. —The plan of R. M. J. to ma¬ 
nure the land and plant sweet corn, 
among the young trees is good, but I 
would get the crop off as early as pos¬ 
sible in August, and sow Canada peas 
and barley at once. This crop will 
grow until the middle of November, 
and sometimes later, absorbing all of 
the nitrogen developed in the soil up 
to that time, will lie on the ground 
during the Winter, protecting it from 
washing and blowing winds, will pre¬ 
vent the early starting of weeds, and 
furnish a good supply of nitrogenous 
matter to be turned under early or 
late in the Spring, according to the 
needs of the crop to be planted the 
next year. Corn may be grown two 
years in succession without injury to 
the land, but after the second year T. 
would plow at any time in May, culti¬ 
vate with the harrow at intervals of 
one or two weeks up to August 10, and 
then sow peas and barley for two 
years. I would then seed heavily with 
Red and Alsike clover, equal quantities, 
from five to eight pounds of each. 
Crimson clover probably will not 
thrive in Maine, and even if it did it 
would not give sufficient crop to be 
of much value, and it could not be 
turned under until June. Should a 
drought come on before this time the 
Crimson clover or even Red clover 
would increase the amount of injury. 
Rye is even more likely to injure 
young trees when an early drought ap¬ 
pears. Five to eight cords of manure 
per acre will be necessary for a large 
crop of corn and a good growth of 
trees. The above treatment will only 
give the best results when early sweet 
corn is grown, though some growth 
will be made if the peas and barley 
are not sown until the middle of Sep¬ 
tember. s. T. MAYNARD. 
Corporation For Selling Produce. 
In a recent issue a correspondent asks if 
corporations or combinations of business 
men have over succeeded iu farming. Here 
in Georgia we lmve a great many, and in 
general farming and fruit growing we find 
one man no good; we have to have com¬ 
panies, not so much to make the goods but 
to get the cash for them. We have to go 
North to got a market, and it takes three 
men to load the cars and get off the goods 
and in the field or orchard one at the 
car and one to talk to the solicitors for 
his house, as in peach season we have 
them several times a day. The company has 
to have its canning factory to can the fruit 
and vegetables too ripe to go to market, 
and that requires a boss or manager. It 
takes two men to go with the goods to the 
market, and then if one gets a little sick 
and is off a few hours he cannot get pay 
for his goods. There is more skill and 
shrewdness to-day on the farm than has 
ever been. We here in Georgia grow so 
many things and climate Is so good all the 
year that we have crops all the time. We 
commence shipping strawberries in April 
and May, beans in May, peaches, potatoes 
and .Tune onions in June; potatoes, melons, 
cantaloupes, raspberries, blackberries and 
corn, and all kinds of vegetables and 
peaches until October, and it is now im¬ 
possible for an individual to farm and 
market his stuff. It would be better for all 
farmers to go into the commission business 
but Georgia has employed one of Armour 
& Co.’s men and he will look after the 
distributing of our fruit just as Armour 
does his meat. That is not the trouble; 
the price is too high now for peaches. I 
can make more money than I can spend 
growing peaches at 75 cents per crate; the 
trouble is not getting any pay at all, as 
it seems the commission than thinks if he 
gets a consignment once from a shipper he 
keeps it all and there seems no way to col¬ 
lect. I hope that Congress will take some 
steps to put such men out of business. 
I want the Hope Farm man and two 
more as partners with me in the farming 
business; I can make the goods, but I 
must confess I cannot get pay. I go with 
my goods to market but I do not get back 
with their effects.l I have out now with 
one man in Cleveland, O., returns for two 
cars peaches and one car onions, one car 
onions at New Orleans I cannot get. I 
should have .$2,000 now that I have not, so 
I say give mo a company, as some of my 
neighbors have, so I can have a sjilesman 
and a collector. I do think a company is 
the way to farm and grow fruit, and watch 
th«> sales for success in shipping your pro¬ 
duce with good business men, and' you can 
spend your Winter where you please and 
take a trip to the islands in Rummer. (Jive 
the farmer boy more training and fit him 
for business and then yon will see him at 
the top of the ladder. Now as it is the 
city men get all the farmer makes, and he 
has to try to make more. c. d it 
Linnville, Ga. 
R. N.-Y.—The question referred to was 
whether any of the corporations selling 
stock for promoting some farm business had 
paid out. 
The Best Roofing in the World 
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For stoop, Mat or circular roofs. 
DURABLE, WATERPROOF, FIRE RESISTING, ECONOMICAL. 
B3T Write for BOOKLET and SAMPLES. 
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448 Pearl Street, New York. 
Use Concrete and Save Money 
What is made of concrete, stays made—you don’t 
have to repair them as you do wood-built things 
—and some day even make them over again. 
We have a book: “How to Mix and Use Con¬ 
crete on the Farm,” and a Book of Examples of 
buildings and public works made with 
EDISON 
Portland Cement 
with the names of great architects and engineers 
who prefer this cement to all other brands 
of Portland cement because it is 
Uniformly 10% Finest Ground in the World 
It makes as strong or stronger concrete, while at the 
same time, weight for weight, it binds 10% more sand, 
gravel or crushed stone. 
Make it of “ EDISON ” and Save Money. 
Get our books, P ree, before you buy any cement. 
EDISON PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY 
921 St. James Building. New York City 
Time tells the tale! 
Measure the cost of ready roofing by what 
it will do all the way through. 
Genasco 
Ready Roofing 
costs a little more in the beginning than ordinary 
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Largest producers of asphalt and largest 
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Steel Wire Gates 
All gates, both double and single, have 
high carbon tubular steel frames: the 
nilmgr, or mesh, is of galvanized steel 
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They could Yo t h H mD 1 a 1 dea e F 3 think of Anthony Fence, 
would not wnnMf ir I furnler « did not want It, and farmers 
woutu not wantit if Anthony fence wore not the best. 
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10 Michigan St., Tecumseh, Mich., 
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