1909. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
■401 
INBREEDING WITH WHITE LEGHORNS.' 
From 8. C. White Leghorn eggs bought 
a year ago I have now 30 liens and a 
couple of cocks. If I set eggs now from 
these will the chickens be inbred? I have 
heard that pullets' eggs seldom hatch, and 
unless those June-hatched pullets have a 
two-year-old cock with them the chicks 
will not be strong. Is that true? e. j. 
No. Greece, N. Y. 
The degree of inbreeding in this 
case will depend on where the inquirer 
purchased the eggs. If from a small 
pen of hens there is decided danger of 
inbreeding, but if from a large flock 
on free range the chances are so small 
that we would not hesitate to use the 
birds if they were nice ones. Pullets’ 
eggs will hatch just as certainly as 
mature hens’, and the only reason we 
do not breed from them is because the 
chicks are much stronger where two- 
or three-year-old hens are used for 
breeders. Continued breeding from 
pullets will ruin your flock, but if one 
must breed from pullets it will make 
but little difference whether a one- or 
two-year-old male is used. 
FLOYD Q. WHITE. 
WHAT AILS DAIRY FARMING? 
I wonder if it is too late to go a 
little deeper into the question of what 
is the matter with dairy farming? J. 
Grant Morse, page 103, in an article 
headed “Stand by the Cows,” took 
issue with what I had written in a 
previous number, where I had recom¬ 
mended reducing the number of cows 
kept in our dairy sections, and depend¬ 
ing more upon a diversity of crops, 
such as hay, corn, grain, potatoes, cab¬ 
bage, etc. The average gross earn¬ 
ings of the farms of New York State 
are about $20 per acre. The average 
in the dairy sections is not over $10 
per acre, and the dairy farms occupy 
the best land we have in the State. 
Now what is the matter with-dairying? ( 
It is the largest of our farm indus¬ 
tries. It occupies our best lands. It 
involves more investment for build¬ 
ings, stock and fences, means more 
constant and confining labor for the 
farmer, and his wife and children, and 
is pulling down the average earnings 
of the farms of the State. Why is 
this ? Is it because dairying has 
spread and is spreading to every sec¬ 
tion of the country, and that dairy 
products, being concentrated, do not 
cost as much for transportation as 
the more bulky products of the farms, 
and therefore compete in the markets 
where our dairy products are sold? 
Butter from Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa 
and Kansas makes the price, not only 
on our butter, but on our fresh milk 
in our cities and condenseries. If the 
farms of this State can be made to 
average $20 per acre, with the severe 
handicap of the dairy farms at $10 
per acre to carry, does it not behoove 
the dairy farmers to take notice and 
try to find out what is the matter, and 
not simply say “stand by the cows”? 
Modern methods of farming allow for 
the conserving of the fertility of the 
land by proper rotation, use of ferti- J 
lizer, plowing under green crops and 
proper tillage. Hay, wheat, oats, bar¬ 
ley, buckwheat, corn, all will yield 
much more per acre if the crops are 
sold than is realized with a dairy. 
Vegetables, small fruits, berries and 
orchard fruits can easily be made to 
average $100 per acre—all these things 
are bulky, and cannot be shipped from 
the far West into our markets as 
cheaply as we can put them there. 
There is not a city in New York State 
which does not afford the best mar¬ 
ket in the country for these products, 
and yet many of the farmers in our i 
dairy sections are not only not pro- j 
during and selling these products of 
the farm, but are heavy buyers of 
grain, fruit and vegetables, and are 
content with $10 per acre from farms 
capable of producing three to five 
times as much. I do not understand 
it, and as Mr. Morse does not ex¬ 
plain it in the article referred to, I 
wish he would try again, and that oth¬ 
ers might take time to do so. p. w. c. 
Herkimer Co., N. Y. 
G. H. Lewis, president, Tlie American Iron 
Rooting Co., of Elyria. Ohio, states that 
their office building was destroyed by tire 
April 13, most everything in the office being 
burned. The shops are in another part of 
the city and are not affected. Some orders 
and unanswered correspondence were burned. 
Mention is made so that parties having 
business relations with them may know the 
circumstances. 
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE. 
Yeau op Dull Trade. —Statistics com¬ 
piled by the London Board of Trade show 
that, with the exception of Canada, the 
imports and exports of all countries were 
less than in previous years. The figures 
for the principal countries were as fol¬ 
lows : 
Imports. Exports. 
Great Britain $2,500,000,000 $1,880,000,000 
Germany ... 2.045.000.000 1.000,000.000 
United States 1.100,000,000 1.800.000,000 
France .1,218.000,000 1,054,000,000 
Belgium . 070.000,000 515,000,000 
Italy . 005,000,000 375,000,000 
Canada . 255.000,000 
Butter. —The market is decidedly 
weaker, trade in all lower grades being 
very dull. II is more difficult to get rid of 
low-grade butter now than ten years ago. 
When prices get high the majority of con¬ 
sumers preier to use loss butter rather 
than take low grades with any marked de¬ 
fects in flavor. Renovated butter is now 
sold freely by retailers. Of course, the tub 
lias to be branded and bear the internal 
revenue stamp, but not one buyer out ot 
a hundred ever sees the label. It is a 
common impression that almost any old 
soap grease can be made into fair butter 
by renovating and processing. But this is 
not a fact. Slight defects can be reme¬ 
died, but badly rancid stufE cannot be made 
sweet without the use of chemicals forbid¬ 
den by law and detrimental to health. 
Business and the Tariff. —The attitude 
of the more substantial element of trade 
interests in New York is in line with 
Saint Peter’s exhortation to “Gird up the 
loins of your mind and * * * * hope 
to the end,” the most earnest hope being 
the end of the present “cut and cover” 
operations in Congress be not long delayed. 
Those who buy and soil can adjust their 
affairs to almost any bind of tariff after 
it is settled, but a state of uncertainty 
makes both buyers and sellers scary. The 
House Bill puts a duty on one tiling., and 
the Senate Bill take it off. and vice versa, 
each with the air toward flic public of 
“Remember CodlinV the friend, not Short.” 
Thus tlie House lias no duty on fish 
hooks, bologna sausage or sulphate of am- 
mouia, while the Senate tacks 45 per cent 
on the first, 25 pet cent on the second, aud 
$4 per ton on the last named. The Sen¬ 
ate makes a strong bid for tlie good wi'l 
of producers of umbrella ribs and cabbages, 
raising the House Bill from 35 to 50 per 
cent ad valorem on the former and from 
two to three cents per cabbage, while both 
houses, with wild outbursts of generosity, 
have on the free list palm-leaf fans, fish 
skins, leeches. Burgundy pitch, Balm of 
Gilead, fossils, kindling wood, ice, ipecac and 
unmanufactured teeth. Surely this should 
satisfy any reasonable free trader. 
Potatoes. —New stock from tlie South is 
becoming more plentiful, with prices eon- 
sidernbly cut on those that run small. 
The demand for European potatoes contin¬ 
ues brisk, consumers reporting that the 
quality is exceptionally good. Maine stock 
suitable for seed is selling in New York 
in small lots at $3.50 and up for Green 
Mountains and other standard varieties. A 
London publication credits the alleged Lu¬ 
ther Burbank syndicate with the statement 
that tlie Burbank potato "is practically the 
only one grown on the American continent 
from Alaska to Mexico,” and that, “enough 
Burbank nolaloes have been grown to pave 
a street 200 feet wide entirely around the 
world at the equator.” Of course if tlie pav¬ 
ing had to done, that would he a more suit¬ 
able route than the polar circumference, ns 
the latter would he rather frosty for both 
pavers and potatoes. But judging from the 
reports of growers and the potatoes seen 
in the field aud market east of the Rocky 
Mountains, there is a large section of 
country on this continent where Burbanks 
are but little grown. Tlie writer planted 
some choice seed of this variety in New 
Jersey three years ago, but the yield was 
very small in comparison with the crops 
of it grown 20 years ago. Many seed 
dealers no longer handle it. w. w. H~ 
ANOTHER SUGGESTION right Here: You can 
ft MAKE YOUR OWN STOCK FOODS and 
know they are pure, clean and wholesome (not 
mill sweepings, ground chaff, husks ordistillery 
mixtures), having the medicinal properties the 
proper strength for your particular case. With 
this feed you can force the fattening of stock for 
the market without danger of getting the blood 
feverish or the legs stocked up. Excellent for 
brood mares, growing young stock or for keeping 
work horses in condition. 
FORMULAS FOR A FEW COMBINATIONS: 
No. 1. 12 lbs. Wheat Bran, 36 lbs. Com Meal, 36 
lbs. Gluten Feed, 6 lbs. Linseed Meal, 1 pkg. 
Kidney and Nerve Powders. 
No. 2. 12 lbs. Wheat Shorts, 36 lbs. Com Meal, 
48 lbs. Ground Oats, 4 lbs. Linseed Meal, 1 pkg. 
Kidney and Nerve Powders. 
No. 3. 24 lbs. Com Meal, 40 lbs. Dried Brewers’ 
Grains, 16 lbs. Wheat Bran, 4 lbs. Linseed Meai, 
X pkg. Kidney and Nerve Powders. 
No. 4. 48 lbs. Com Meal, 12 lbs. Wheat Bran, 
6 lbs. Cottonseed Meal, 12 ibs. Linseed Meal, 1 
pkg. Kidney and Nerve Powders. 
Mix thoroughly together and feed as a regular 
grain ration and in quantity to suit the individual 
vase. Price, 25c. package; 35c. by mail. 
I will furnish my Kidney and Nerve Pow- 
clers in bulk lots. 10 lbs.. 83.50; 25 lbs., $7.50; 50 
lbs., $14; loo lbs.. £25. Freight prepaid. 
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 
88 Temple Street, Springfield, Mass. 
Fnture Head of Herd of The Stevens Brothers—Hastings Co., Liverpool, N. Y. 
The accompanying photograph shows King Pontiac Champion, as he appeared last July at live 
months old. Schumacher Calf Meal has entered largely into his daily rations with whatsuoeess 
may be judged from his weight today at just past eleven months old, which is 000 lbs. His owners 
say that in their judgment he is worth the most money of any Holstein bull of his age living. 
First prize calves at the leading state and county fairs last fall, including champion bull and 
champion heifer Holstein-Friesian at the New York state lair, were raised on Schumacher calf 
meal. These calves competed and won over thirty of the greatest herds at the greatest exhibitof 
dairy stock ever gotten together in the world. Such noted breeders as Wing R. Smith. Syracuse, 
N. Y., E. A. Vandevort, Sidney, N. Y., The Stevens Bros.—Hastings Co., Lacona, N. Y., Horace L. 
Bronson, Cortland, N. Y., C. L. Sisson, Almond N. Y., and A. W. Uillis, Worcester, N. Y., were 
among the winners. “Taft and Sherman,” the celebrated twin calves exhibited at the Ohio Si ate 
Fair by A. G. Byers, Secretary and Treasurer, Ohio Holstein-Friesian Association, Westerville. 
Ohio. Thousands of other noted breeders have found it a great result producer. It is the most 
economical, most nutritious, highly digestible, perfectly balanced calf meal ever offered to Ihe 
feeding public. When you consider that the cost of feeding this splendid product is only one-mi rd 
thecostof raising calves by the ordinary method of whole milk aud grain, no one from the smallest 
farmer to the greatest breeder can afford to overlook the advantages of feeding this exceptional 
meal. Write us if your dealer does not have it, and we will see that you are supplied. Address 
*The Quaker Oats Company, Chicago, ill. 
Most Valuable Stock Living Today Raised On 
Schumacher Calf Meal 
YOUR 
SIDE OF 
QUESTION 
OUR 
SIDE OF 
THE QUESTION 
You buy a Cream Separator, 
not on account of some “fancy talking 
points,” but because it will enable you 
to handle your dairy product more 
easily and with greater profit. 
A machine that will handle more 
milk. That will skim it more thor¬ 
oughly. That will lose least in bowl 
flushing and that can be kept clean 
and sanitary with the least trouble. 
These are your requirements, and 
a trial will convince you that the 
-latest model U. S. embodies all of 
these essential features, to a 
greater extent than has ever before 
been reached in Separator 
construction. 
The United States Separator has, 
built tip a reputation for efficiency 
and durability that makes it the 
foremost machine from every stand¬ 
point of separator requirements. 
We prize that reputation and in 
the changes we have made for 1909 
eveiy feature that has helped to make 
the United States famous as the re- 
liable separator has been 
retained. 
Every improvement that has 
been made has been made with the 
object of building up and adding to, 
that reputation. 
We have added “working 
points” and not fancy 
“talking points.” ^-4 
. BUILT 
FOR EFFICIENCY 
DURABILITY FOR DAIRYMEN WHO KNOW 
AND DEMAND THE 
BEST 
Send for 
Catalogue 159 Free Will Bring It 
»Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vermont 
SWISS COW BELLS 
Let us tell you about our musical bells 
of special design, made in 8 sizes of 
best Swiss bell metal. Sold singly or 
in sets tuned to harmony. Fine strap 
with each.** Reduced price this year. 
At dealers or direct to introduce. Also 
sheep and turkey bells. Write for 
circular and prices. 
Bevin Bros. Mfg. Co. 
East Hampton, Conn. 
GALLOWA 
I Saves You 33% to 50% 
I lowest prices, best proposition ever 
I made in buggy history. Get it be- 
I fore buying a bugey of any kind. 
I It helps you pay for buggy. Also 
I harness, wagons, implements, etc. 
IWM GALLOWAY CO. 
f.G6Ga!lowav St a. Waterloo, fa. 
My Croat Buggy Proposition— 
IT'S NEW, 
Positively best over made by any factory. 
I Save You 
$28.75 
on tbie Job 
Freo 
Trial 
WAIST 
HIGH 
75 FOR THIS NEW 
— LOW DOWN 
AMERICAN 
CREAM SEPARATOR 
A SEPARATOR THAT EXCELS ANY SEPARATOR IN THE WORLD 
DON’T HESITATE BECAUSE OUR PRICE IS LOW. The quality is high; 
we guarantee it. It is up to date,.well built and well finished. It runs easier, 
skims closer and has a simpler bowl with fewer parts than anv other cream 
Separator. Don't accept our word for It. Judge for yourself. Our offer 
enables you to do this at our expense. Write us a postal card or a letter 
and receive by mail, postpaid, our 1900 catalogue. It is handsomely illus¬ 
trated, showing the machine in detail, and fully explains all about the 
Low Down AMERICAN. It also describes the surprisingly liberal LONG 
TIME TRIAL proposition we can make you. Competition is defied by 
the quality and price we make. Our generous terms of purchase will 
astonish you. Remember, we are the oldest exclusive manufacturers of 
hand separators in America, and the first to sell direct to the user. You 
are not dealing with any agent, middleman or catalogue house when deal¬ 
ing with us. Not one single profit is paid anyone between ourselves and 
our customer. You save all agents’, dealers’, even catalogue house profits 
and get a superior machine by dealing with us. Our New Low Down 
AMERICAN Waist High Separator is the finest and highest quality machine 
on the market and our own (the manufacturer’s) guarantee protects you 
on every AMERICAN Separator. We can ship immediately. Western orders 
filled from Western points. Write us and get our great offer and hand¬ 
some free catalogue on our New Low Down AMERICAN Separator. Address 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO., Box 1075, BAINBRIDGEfN. Y. 
