464 
TH EC RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 24, 
HARROWING AND ROLLING WHEAT. 
There is often a dispute among 
farmers as to whether it pays to har¬ 
row and roll Winter wheat in the 
Spring. Anyone who will look at a 
wheat field in March or April will 
find the ground broken and cracked 
around the wheat plants. The picture 
shown below is from a photograph ta¬ 
ken at the Nebraska Experiment Sta¬ 
tion, and clearly shows these cracks 
in the soil. Naturally, one would sup¬ 
pose that this opening of the soil would 
expose the roots of the plants and de¬ 
stroy many of them, and it is to pre¬ 
vent this that harrowing or rolling 
is advocated. The Nebraska Station 
conducted some experiments which 
have now run over four years with 
both harrowing and rolling. They 
found that harrowing broadcast wheat 
resulted in an average loss of about 
three bushels per acre. Harrowing 
the drilled wheat gave a loss of nearlv 
one bushel per acre. In other words, 
the cracking of the soil loosened the 
plants and the harrow ripped out too 
many of them. Rolling gave better 
results. The average increase from 
SOIL CRACKS IN EARLY SPRING. 
this was over five bushels per acre. 
This rolling was done early in the 
Spring, soon after the frost left the 
ground, and at about the time that the 
plants begin to grow. Harrowing af¬ 
ter rolling was not so good as the 
rolling alone, as the harrow loosened 
up the plants after they had been 
firmly pressed into the ground. We 
have noticed something of the same 
results with strawberry plants which 
were not mulched during the Winter. 
In Spring the heave and settle of 
frost and thaw cracked the soil, 
and lifted some of the plants out, 
much the same as with the Crimson 
clover or Alfalfa. If the plants are 
lifted in this way the roots are ex¬ 
posed to the cold winds, and many of 
them die. We have found that where 
we step on such plants early in the 
Spring and force them down into the 
soil they almost invariably live. 
DISK AND CUTAWAY TOOLS. 
We are often asked for facts regard¬ 
ing these tools. Many farmers do not 
all soils except those full of rocks or 
covered with flat stones. 
The disk which is now being used on 
many of our farm implements has cer¬ 
tainly come to stay. Its rolling friction 
makes it pull somewhat easier than sliding 
friction. Because of its rolling motion 
and cutting effect, it is very hard to clog; 
what it cannot cut it will roll over. 
The disk plow is capable of handling 
ground that has become too dry and hard 
for the moldboard plow. It is of some¬ 
what. lighter draft, does not require sharp¬ 
ening so often, cuts through trash better, 
and does not clog so easily. The 24-inch 
disk is superior to any other size. This 
size will pulverize the soil more than a 28 
or 30-inch one and does better work. The 
disk should not cut too wide a furrow. 
It is far better to use two disks 24 inches 
in diameter, each cutting eight inches in 
width, than to use a 30-inch disk, cutting 
14 to 10 inches in width. Taking a nar¬ 
row furrow' tends to make the bottom ot 
the furrow less corrugated. Plowing the 
same ground year after year with the disk 
does not keep it in so good condition as 
if pi q wed with a moldboard plow. The 
moldboard is generally considered best for 
humid and irrigated sections, and the disk 
plow for dry semi-arid sections. 
The disk harrow may lx; considered as 
the most important liliage tool for grain 
farming. There is no other tool that will 
conserve more moisture by using it on 
stubble, after harvest and before plowing 
time. It may be used as a cultivator for 
Summer fallowing. On ground where small 
grains are to follow’ such crops as beets 
and potatoes, the use of the tool will 
often make plowing unnecessary. The 16- 
inch disk is the proper size for ordinary 
farm work. This size pulls somewhat 
heavier than the larger sizes, but pul¬ 
verizes enough better to justify its use. 
The 16-inch disk penetrates the soil deeper 
than the larger one because it has less 
bearing-up surface: it revolves faster, thus 
pulverizing the soil better. For handiness 
and ease of operation each gang of the disk 
should be controlled by an individual lever. 
All bearings should be well protected from 
dust and dirt and so constructed as to be 
easily oiled. Each disk should be provided 
with a satisfactory foot lever cleaner. Of 
the various methods of opening the fur¬ 
rows on grain drills, the disk is now given 
the preference. This may be either in the 
form of a single or a double disk. The 
single disk is being used very much more 
than the double disk at present; it pene¬ 
trates the ground easier, cuts through the 
trash better, and is capable of cutting a 
deeper furrow than the double disk. The 
double disk has the advantage of being 
able to deposit the seed in a better condi¬ 
tion. to a more nearly uniform depth, and 
also leaves the ground smoother. There is 
very little difference in the draft of these 
two types of disks and under ordinary 
conditions very little preference between 
them. 
How to Safeguard 
Your 
Horses and Cattle 
You know how easy it is for your horses 
and cattle to scratch themselves. Little 
sore spots result, and that’s how disease 
germs get hold. Horses develop scratches, 
cracked heels, harness galls, leg sores and 
thrush, no matter how well cared for. 
Cattle contract disease through broken 
skin and diseased looking cattle bring 
poor prices. Why not follow the example 
of successful horsemen and stockmen and 
keep at hand 
Hagmayer’s 
Ointment 
and Heel Salve 
Recognized by veterinary surgeons and 
stockmen every where as the greatest specific 
for inflammation and surest hair grower ever 
prepared. Cures scratches, thrush, mud fever, 
cracked or sore heels, burns and swellings. 
For galls, sore necks and backs, it cures 
whileworkingthehor.se. Goes twice as far 
as oilier remedies and is unequaled for 
promptness. Get a box today at your drug¬ 
gists or harness makers, and be sure it is 
Hagmayer’s. Sold in 25c, 50c and $1.00 boxes. 
If your dealer cannot supply you send us 
10c for liberal sample. You will never use 
anything else after you know the superiority 
of Ilagmayer’s. 
Hagmayer Chemical Co. 
401 Shipley St., Wilmington, Del. 
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$48.50 
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Retailers ask $70 for its 
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Any wagon will be shipped to you 
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You take no risk whatever. Every 
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$50 
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Fully as good as retails for 
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*7 
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‘lire RANDLE MACHINERY CO., 
1826 Powers St., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
United States Rubber Go. 
43 Broadway, New York. 
April 1st, 1909. 
Tbe Board of Directors of the United States 
Rubber Company has this day declared from 
its net profits a quarterly dividend of Two Per 
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JOHN J. WATSON, Jr., Treasurer. 
know what they are. Imagine a plate 
or disk of steel with ail axle through 
the center, and the weight resting on 
the edge of the disk. As it is hauled 
along through the soil the disk will 
not only cut in but will by its curved 
shape toss or throw the soil to one 
side. The Cutaway is a disk with the 
rim cut out into saw-like teeth, so that 
it not only turns the soil up but chops 
it. The following description of the 
work done by the disk is by Prof. Bai- 
ner, of the Colorado Agricultural Col¬ 
lege. He refers particularly to the 
open stoneless soil of the plains, but 
what he says will apply fairly well to 
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j 
