1909. 
4 7 o 
TURPENTINE FROM PINE TREES. 
The picture of the pine tree shown 
at Fig. 201 was taken in Baldwin Co., 
Alabama. We have seen such trees all 
•ver the South. The bark is cut away, 
as shown in the picture, leaving a strip 
large enough to. keep life in the tree 
for a few years. On this cut surface 
the sticky gum or pitch accumulates, 
and is scraped off once or twice a year. 
In Florida we saw a gang of negroes 
going through the woods scraping 
these trees. They put a barrel at some 
central spot, and each carried a bucket 
thee stripped for turpentining. 
Fig. 201. 
and a scraper, which was like a short- 
handled hoe, wth a sharp edge. They 
scraped down the bare surface, taking 
the pitch and throwing it into the 
bucket. When this was full they car¬ 
ried it to the barrel. This was later 
hauled to the distillery where turpen¬ 
tine is made. Of course, this process 
finally kills the trees. 
Cement Silo. 
Header (No Address). —\V. It. spoko of 
:i cement silo tliat cost only ,$55. I should 
like lo know more about it. 
Ans. —First make three or four circles 
'out of old lumber the size you'wish your 
silo, also some strips half inch by three 
inches. We used green oak, but any 
kind will do—if it is dry soak well— 
also some sticks one inch square as 
long as the thickness of your silo wall. 
Our silo is 10 l / 2 by 26 feet, built of 
solid concrete, one part cement to eight' 
of gravel and sand. We put it 30 
inches into ground and put drain under 
wall, footing 12-inch wall to top of 
ground, eight-inch to top of ground, 
then six-inch, tapering to four-inch on 
top. V c built it to top of ground, the* 
took short boxing out, set up inside 
boxing, and set up four long boards, 
placing them so they held up one of 
the circles. Tack first circle five feet 
from bottom, then another five' feet 
above that. Sta.t at one of these 
boards and nail inside boxing on with 
six-penny nails. When inside circle is up, 
nail one strip (or hoop) between the cir¬ 
cles, using fourpenny nails. Cut some lum¬ 
ber into 30-inch lengths for the outside 
boxing (we used three-quarter-inch, as 
it is lighter), set against the outside of 
inside boxing and nail a Iiood on top 
and one on the bottom. When you get 
around, set it outside of wall and pass 
a No. 10 wire (with a loop on each 
end) around the latter, put a stick for 
a lever through the loops and draw it 
rp tight. lack the hoop, but do not 
drive nails clean up; then move wire 
to top of boxing, draw it up, and block 
out on top with small sticks. Put 2(4 
or three feet apart, as necessary. Be¬ 
fore you put sticks on put 26-inch wo¬ 
ven wire into box, and keep it in cen¬ 
ter when filling. Draw wire tight and 
tack hoop and you are ready for pull- 
ln g- Tack a few nails around boxing 
to hold wire in place. 
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER 
Put in eight or 10 inches of concrete 
and tamp. When full let set until next 
day. Place some studs across the in¬ 
side boxing and rig three pulleys and 
attach ropes to upper Loop of outside 
boxing. Put a man to each rope, draw 
nails' where hoops lap; shake boxing 
loose and you are ready to hoist box¬ 
ing up. Let boxing lap two inches on 
lound last put in, put wire around the 
bottom, draw up and tack. Put rein¬ 
forcing wire into loop, draw up and 
tack, and fill, and continue to top. 
When you get silo finished, build a 
platform on the inside four inches 
smaller than silo, rig pulleys on the in¬ 
side, draw platform up to the top, and 
finish from top to bottom with thin 
coat of mortar, one cement to two 
of sand. When plaster gets dry draw 
platform up to top and give it a coat 
of hot tar. and you will have a silo as 
tight as a bottle. We left openings 
every two feet, put in temporary 
frames, took them out and fitted doors 
against wall, putting in two bars of 
iron between doors for reinforcement. 
I think the better way would be to 
have a continuous opening and put in 
a bar every two feet. Leave inside 
boxing in for a week or 10 days. We 
hauled gravel and sand 200 yards; had 
water on the ground. Labor cost $1 
per day; cement $2 per barrel; plas¬ 
terer for six hours $2. No other 
skilled labor is needed. Any handy 
man about farm can build such a silo. 
Total cost was $55. 
Of course cost all depends on how 
fast or slow a man is 1 . I do not figure 
cost of lumber for box, as that is not 
lost. We have no roof on it, as we 
expect to raise it higher next season. 
There is not a particle of loss except 
on the top. In finishing filling it was 
not well tramped and got moldy around 
the walls. We have a two-horse gaso¬ 
line engine and a 11-inch Ohio cutter, 
which cost us, including silo, $225, and 
I would not want a better outfit. If 
corn is cut four men will haul it 400 
yards and fill two feet per hour. From 
our experience, I will say that a small 
outfit is a perfect success, w. riehl. 
Old Lady ; ‘'Conductor, is' this my 
car?’’ Conductor (affably) ; “No, 
ma’am, this car belongs to the Boston 
Elevated.”—Harvard Lampoon. 
Every Farmer and Fruit-Grower 
————— Needs ——. 
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of Lead 
Destroys ALL Leaf-Eating? Insects 
If you use Paris Green you risk burning your foliage, stunting 
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Our FREE BOOK on insect pests Is of jreat practical value. Send for it 
In writing , give us name of your dealer if possible 
MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO., 30 Broad St., BOSTON, MASS. 
DO YOU SHIP PEACHES ? 
If so—send for our 
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SOUTH SIDE M'F'G CO., PETERSBURG. VA. 
DeLOACH 
Manufacturers of all 
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WEBSTER BASKET CO. 
Box 41, Webster, Monroe Co., New York. 
STEAM, GASOLINE AND WATER POWER 
PLANERS, SHINGLE MILLS & CORN MILLS 
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3 Wa>re IWiiKM^mericai 
SAW 
Save Money on 
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T> ———--- 
H Lumber is high. A car load or two pays 
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fr4 Haul mill to timber if desired. Alt Sizes— 
\ All Prices. The Variable Friction Feed, 
^ Combined Ratchet Set Works and Quick Receder 
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Free Catalogue 
lists all kinds of 
, wood working ma¬ 
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129 Hope St. 
ilackettstown, N.J. 
1582 Terminal 
Buildings 
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Fruit and Vege¬ 
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Largest Factory of its Kind in the Country. 
NEW ALBANY BOX AN0 BASKET CO., New Albany, Iso. 
OSGOOD 
SCALE 
Indispensable on every farm; 
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HPIIIfl A 99, If ills Prairie Dogs, 
Woodchucks, Gophers, 
and Grain Insocts. 
“The wheels of the gods 
grind slow but exceed¬ 
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"wail “Funia Carbon Bisulphide ” n S 
EDWAKD It. TAYLOH, Tenn Yan, N. Y. 
FUMA 
Things That Any Farmer 
Can Build For Himself Vith 
Concrete 
Concrete is used by thousands of progressive farmers 
for the construction of walks around the house, and to the 
outbuildings; for dry and clean poultry houses and pigger¬ 
ies ; for airy, dry and non-burnable stables ; and for walls 
and fences. 
The use of concrete is not limited to the construction 
of buildings. When mixed and ready to be placed, concrete 
is simply a form of liquid stone, and it may be used to ad¬ 
vantage anywhere that stone would be desirable. But— 
In building with concrete remember that the success of 
your structure depends on the quality of the cement used. 
ATLAS 
CEMENT 
Makes The Best Concrete 
ATLAS Portland Cement is always uniform in quality 
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“Concrete Construction about the Home and 
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It contains directions for making and handling concrete, also 
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When buying cement ask your dealr for 
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TRADE MARK 
^ PORTLAND 
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