1900. 
485 
REASONS WHY I BREED WHITE AND 
COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES. 
They lay Winter and Summer. The 
white ones are pure white and the Co¬ 
lumbians pure black and white. They 
have that nice yellow skin and legs so 
highly prized. They make as fine if 
not the finest broilers of any breed. 
They are beautiful in shape and color. 
They commence to lay at from 5 y 2 to 
six months of age. They lay nice 
brown eggs of good size, and the con¬ 
tents are rich. They dress with as 
little waste as any breed in America. 
They make good setters and mothers 
and are easily broken up when they be¬ 
come broody. They are docile, yet 
when given their liberty are always 
hustling and alert. They bear con¬ 
finement well; I never use anything 
higher than a four-foot fence, and 
they never fly over. They will lay 
more eggs on the same amount of 
food than any other breed of the same 
size. White chicken feathers bring sev¬ 
eral cents per pound more in market 
than other colors. They have a nice 
juicy meat that will satisfy the most 
fastidious. They have a nice low Rose 
comb, so necessary in our cold climate, 
as they never freeze. When well bred 
they are full of vim, vigor and vital¬ 
ity, are hardy from start to finish. They 
are the farmers’ friend, and fanciers’ 
delight, are equally good for pot or 
show room. They are purebred 
American, hence don't have to be ac¬ 
climated, which is surely in their fa¬ 
vor. When it comes to utility they 
easily lead everything that crows or 
cackles. They are just the size the 
market demands, and develop very 
quickly. They are always plump from 
shell to hatchet, and when picked are 
free from dark pin feathers. The 
White Wyandottes were admitted to 
the American Standard of Perfection 
in 1888 and became one of the most 
popular breeds in existence, through 
merit alone. The hen that lays is the 
hen that pays; if so the White and 
Columbian Wyandottes surely carry 
the blue ribbon of all chickendom. The 
Wyandottes are not all tail, neck and 
legs, but instead are blocky, with short 
broad back and deep full breast; the 
meat is where it ought to he. The sex 
can generally be told from the first; 
the chicks feather out early and are 
protected from changeable weather, 
and when fully matured have a good 
heavy coat of feathers. That is why 
they lay so well in cold weather. Thev 
are easier to breed to standard require¬ 
ments, with fewer culls than most 
breeds. They have no feathers on 
their legs to drabble in the mud; all 
unnecessary things are left off. Noth¬ 
ing remains but the practical up-to-date 
fowl, which is excelled by none and 
equalled by few. A. N. cowell. 
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. 
FORAGE CROPS FOR AN ORCHARD. 
C. E. H., Baden, Fa .—What is the best 
tiling to put in an apple orchard to use 
for soiling to feed a herd of six cows 
through (lie Summer, with the addition of 
some pasture? The orchard contains about 
- l /j acres. We shall put some manure on 
the orchard. What are the best green 
crops to plow under to work up a worn- 
out field without using fertilizers? Will it 
do to sow Crimson clover where the corn 
is hilled up four inches with a sulky cul¬ 
tivator? * 
Axs.—It will depend somewhat on 
the size of the trees. If they are too 
large you cannot expect to get good 
crops of forage. If the trees are not 
too large we should sow 1 \A acre of 
oats and peas as early as possible. 
About the middle of May sow half an 
acre of Japanese millet and half an 
acre of fodder corn—put thickly in 
drills. Begin to cut the oats and peas 
varly, and as you cut and feed plow 
and sow more fodder corn. Follow 
the millet with more corn and sow 
r ye as the corn is cut. Cow peas will 
make a fair growth without fertilizer, 
hut you cannot expect to do much 
TTI-IE RURA.L, 
with Crimson clover on poor soil. You 
will find it slow work improving such 
soil without any fertilizers. The clo¬ 
ver in a field where the corn is hilled 
will make an uneven stand, but some 
of it wi'.l grow. 
BEEF CATTLE IN NEW YORK. 
We have had a number of questions 
of late about the possibility of mak¬ 
ing beef cattle pay in New York State. 
At the New York State Breeders meet¬ 
ing Mr. E. S. Bayard, of the Stock- 
man and Farmer gave some advice on 
this point: 
Rough steep land in the East, but poorly 
equipped with buildings, where dairy farm¬ 
ing is hardly possible, may bo utilized in 
the beef business. As long as our Ameri¬ 
can people think they must “slay and eat," 
those living in the Eastern. States may as 
well produce a part, at least, of the beef 
they consume. The western man's advan¬ 
tages have to some extent disappeared. One 
advantage in New York is an abundance of 
grass. We must put more grass iu beef 
and less corn. Corn is becoming too high 
even fer the western man to feed beef 
cattle. People have the habit of buying 
western beef and also horses, when they 
can produce it about as cheap as the west¬ 
ern man. I would not advise any man to 
go out of the dairy business' into the beef 
business, but the dairy business requires 
an expensive equipment. This is not true of 
t lie beef business. Some dairymen ought not 
to he in the dairy business because they 
are not naturally qualified for the business. 
I am not advocating purebred beef cattle 
for the ordinary market. Returns in the 
beef business are slow and therefore may 
discourage some. New York can, or. does, 
raise more grass per acre than any other 
Stale, so she has this advantage, also best 
water. Good fences are essential. Build 
good strong fences to begin. Buildings 
need not be expensive. Then you want 
some good scales on the farm.. 1 started 
with grade cattle. I found the butchers 
wanted to buy the heifers for about noth¬ 
ing. One advantage of pure breeds is the 
average is better. There is more uniform¬ 
ity, and I get more for the surplus females. 
I raise the Aberdeen Angus cattle. I do 
not breed heifers before 20 months old. One 
advantage, one takes more pride in pure¬ 
bred stock, and takes better care of them, 
and sometimes you can get show steers that 
are worth several hundred dollars. I do 
not know of any better general purpose 
breed than the Short-liorn. The Angus is 
is earliest maturing breed. Breed the same 
kind of cattle as the breeder near you. 
Avoid the “steery” cow. The feminine 
type of cows produce the most masculine 
type of steers, and are the best mothers. 
I want to breed a type of cow that will 
nourish her own calf. The next considera¬ 
tion is the flesh makers. The beef breed 
cows that milk down the quickest will put 
on flesh the quickest when you take off 
the calf. I do not believe in housing beef 
cattle except in a shed. This is the way to 
get consumption. It is like keeping a man 
in a steam-heated house. This may not 
be an ideal way, but it is a business way. 
LIGHTING COW STABLE; MILK REFRIG¬ 
ERATOR. 
1. Should tlie light in a cow stable be 
from the front or rear of the cows, and 
why? 2. Would an ice box to keep milk in 
do as well made with two thicknesses of 
boards, one inch dead-air space between, 
and one inside of this space covered with 
asbestos, as a box made double and packed 
with sawdust four or six inches? c. r. m. 
Vineland.N. J. 
I. The light in a cow stable should 
come from the rear of the cows, so 
the milkers can see to clean the cows 
,properly for milking. This arrange¬ 
ment is accomplished in modern stables 
by building them 84 or 36 feet wide 
and having two rows of cows, facing 
toward a feeding alley in the center. 
2. 1 would prefer an ice box built dou¬ 
ble with about six inches of sawdust 
packed between, as it could be built 
more cheaply, and the outside tempera¬ 
ture would not affect the milk as much 1 
as it would in a box constructed with 
two dead-air spaces, although the lat¬ 
ter would probably last longer. 
C. S. GREENE. 
SUNFLOWERS FOR SEED. 
Could anyone give me information as to 
raising sunflowers for seed? How much 
seed to an acre? What would be an aver¬ 
age* crop per acre? reader. 
Land for sunflowers should be quite 
fertile and prepared the same as for 
corn. Three or four pounds of seed 
will plant an acre. When the plants 
are two or three inches high thin to 
14 or 16 inches apart in the row. The 
Mammoth Russian variety is generally 
grown for seed and will yield about 
50 bushels per acre, although some peo¬ 
ple claim to have raised one hundred 
bushels on one acre. c. & greene. 
NEW-YORKER 
CREAM 
SEPARATORS 
Don't buy a cream separator without being sure you KNOW 
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More than 15,000 users who had made such a mistake replaced 
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the year 15)08. 
They had probably wasted Five Million Dollars worth of 
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ill T why not TRY a DE LAVAL machine beside the other 
machine for ONE WEEK before 5 you actually contract to buy it? 
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and examine the comparative construction. 
That’s a proposition open to every intending separator buyer. 
Any DE LA VAL agent will carry it out. WHY not avail of it 
and KNOW what you are doing before making this very im¬ 
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Don’t 
talking 
without 
let any alluring “catalogue house” literature or clever 
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FIRST actually TRYING it alongside a DE LAVAL. 
In other words, buy your separator intelligently and knowingly 
and not on blind faith in anybody's representations. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 
42 K; Madison* Strkkt 
CHICAGO 
1213 Sc 121.1 Fti hkkt Strkkt 
PHILADELPHIA 
Dm mm Si Sacramicnto Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO. 
General Offices: 
165 Broadway, 
NEW YORK. 
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