1909. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
6Q9 
STEALING WATER FROM FARMERS. 
I saw an article on page 511, by H. 
A. Metz, saying that the pumps of the 
New York water system did not af¬ 
fect the stratum of surface water. 
How was it that last Fall the City 
started a lot of pumps at Lynbrook, 
and in a few days nearly all the wells 
within one-half to one mile went dry? 
When they found that they were in 
danger of being sued they stopped their 
pumps, and water all came back in the 
wells and the people have had no more 
trouble to get water. E. E. 
Hempstead, L. I. 
ANOTHER THREE-HORSE EVENER. 
I have seen diagrams of three- 
horse eveners on page 512. Here is a 
different style that I use with entire 
satisfaction on plow or harrow, and 
have used it a good deal on manure 
spreader. To give better satisfaction, 
used with a pole, it should be longer. 
All measurements are from center to 
center of clevis. Any evener and 
whiffletree can be used if they are not 
so long as to interfere. H. s. B. 
New Britain, Conn. 
ORCHARD COVER CROPS IN NOVA 
SCOTIA. 
What are the best cover crops for late 
seeding in Nova Scotia orchards after cul¬ 
tivation stops? 
Canada peas, rape, tares, vetches and 
buckwheat are used for this purpose. 
Some use Crimson clover on light 
loams. Summer vetches, peas and buck¬ 
wheat are the three cover crops most 
in use at present, and are usually sown 
from July 1 to 10. e. j. l. 
Kingsport, N. S. 
For cover crops common Red clover, 
peas, tares, rape or buckwheat should 
do well. The first and great rule in 
growing apples here is to tile-drain 
the land; if that is not done, better 
leave it alone. In spraying I use Paris 
green for insects and blue stone (cop¬ 
per sulphate) for fungous growths. 
Mixed with water these are easily ap¬ 
plied with any spray pumps. Those 
wonderful concoctions and mixtures of 
which we see the published formulas 
from time to time look well to a chem¬ 
ist, I admit, but I find the simpler mix- 
ures do the work most satisfactorily. 
Plums grow well here. Damsons, Mag¬ 
num Bonum, Bradshaw, Moore’s Arc¬ 
tic and Lombard are favorite varieties. 
Japans are not hardy. Black knot is 
controlled by cutting out in Winter and 
spraying trees first of May with cop¬ 
per sulphate solution, one ounce to five 
gallons water. I have not seen any 
scale here yet. Peaches are not a suc¬ 
cess with us. Pears give excellent 
crops. J. h. c. 
Picton Co., N. S. 
Crimson clover was used a great deal 
a few years ago; it made a good growth 
and would winter about one year in 
four. We do not care much if clover 
crop does not live through the Winter, 
as we plow our orchard the first 
thing in the Spring. For several years 
we have been using Summer vetches 
or tares; they make a good growth on 
any kind of land, and when the land is 
good all you can plow under. Sand 
or Winter vetch I have used a good 
deal; it winters well and makes a 
quick growth in the Spring, and would 
be used more except for the high price 
of seed. Mammoth Red clover is very 
often used. Here the farmers are us¬ 
ing Summer vetches, or tares, more 
than anything else. I think you can 
safely recommend the Summer or Win¬ 
ter vetches, as the best cover crop; all 
the best orchard men are using them; 
here they have been used for about 10 
years. f. a. p. 
Berwick, N. S. 
RAIN WATER AND FARM FILTERS. 
II. E., Pennsylvania —I am thinking of 
making another cistern ou my farm. Do 
you think that filtered rain water is good 
and healthful for drinking, and what is 
the best method of filtering in cistern? 
Our artesian wells are not satisfactory. 
T. M. C.j New York .—Having a 400- 
barrel cistern, with an eight-barrel filter, 
the two connected by a pipe at the bot¬ 
tom, what is the best material to use for 
filtering to guarantee purity and cleanli¬ 
ness? We burn soft coal, and hence the 
rain-water is dark when it reaches the 
filter. Wc have an abundance of good 
gravel at hand, and can also get charcoal. 
Ans. —Have a careful mason put a 
brick partition in cistern, leaving about 
three-quarters of the space on the in¬ 
take side. Have this laid in cement 
mortar, care being taken that no spaces 
are left for water to get through be¬ 
tween the brick; have the partition 
slightly convex on the intake side. Ar¬ 
range the conductor for carrying the 
water into cistern or to. one side, then, 
after a rain, leave it turned out until 
the next rain has washed the roof for 
a few minutes, when it can be turned 
into cistern. Pump (of course) from 
the other side the water that has fil¬ 
tered through the brick. 
The. barrel filters are filled with char¬ 
coal and gravel, alternate layers of 
each, finishing at the top. finally with 
gravel. I should prefer a smaller one 
than of eight-barrel capacity for con¬ 
veniences of cleaning. And I should 
pay more attention to keeping roof 
clean than to any filter. Rain water is 
the purest and most healthful of any 
water, but is at its best only for a few 
days, hence the better way to store it 
is in large crocks that can be cleaned 
and refilled often. Cleanliness of roof 
and receptacle for storing is the pro¬ 
verbial “ounce of prevention,” and fil¬ 
ters are the “pound of cure.” j. f. v. s. 
PRESERVATIVES FOR SHINGLES. 
I have been a carpenter for more than 
20 years; have recently gone to farming. 
In regard to shingle Hip, I advise linseed 
oil, either raw or boiled (boiled dries quick¬ 
er), mixed with oxide of iron to a con¬ 
sistency so when the shingles are dipped 
they will drain quickly. Another good 
thing is creosote oil (which is crude car¬ 
bolic acid) mixed with liquid coal tar and 
mixed at the rate of one gallon of tar to 
four gallons creosote oil. This is a sticky 
mess, and the shingles cannot be used until 
dry, but it preserves them all right. The 
simplest, and as good as anything, is to 
dip them in the milk of lime. This is also 
cheap. Milk of lime is simply building 
lime slaked in water to make whitewash. 
The shingles should be dry. Green wood 
will not take any kind of dip. I would 
advise the use of galvanized wire nails. 
Branford, Conn. n. c. c. 
On page 5G7 “Subscriber” from Nova 
Scotia wants to save his shingles. After] 
you shingle your roof, give it two coats of 
crude petroleum. You can buy this for 
about 20 cents per gallon, by the barrel, 
and if you will give it one or two coats 
every three or four years, I think your 
children or your grandchildren will, have 
the job of shingling it next time. The dif¬ 
ference in the preserving qualities of crude 
petroleum and any kind of paint is this: 
The paint forms a ridge at the top of the 
layer of shingles and holds the water just 
under the lap, and rots it quicker than if 
it had no paint on; the crude petroleum, 
on thfe other hand, saturates the shingle 
and forms an oil or grease under the layer, 
which will not let the water get up under 
the layer of shingles, and while the oil 
appears to be gone off the face of the 
roof after a time, you need not worry, for 
it is there just under the surface, and is 
taking care of the health of the shingles 
for you. E . s. s. 
Wayne County, N. Y. 
R. —But does not the crude petro¬ 
leum increase the danger from fire? 
Trespass Notices. 
Trespassers come on to my land, steal¬ 
ing berries and doing other injury. What 
notices should I post to keep them out? 
Connecticut. n. s. 
No person has a right to go upon your 
land. You may sue them for trespass or 
arrest them for theft. You need not post 
any notice, but may do it as a warning 
and to prevent trouble. Any sign you post 
up will serve as a notice against tres¬ 
passers. “Keep Out.” “No Trespassing 
Allowed.” “Thou halt Not Steal.” or any 
notice will serve your purpose. An arrest 
might have the desired effect. 
When Your Tools 
Need Grinding 
It is but the work of a minute to sharpen a 
chisel, a plane, a knife or any edged tool on a 
Keen Kutter Grindstone. 
Made of very carefully selected Berea grit— 
mounted on an extra braced tubular frame that 
never sways or “wabbles.” Ball bearings 
and double tread make it run as easy as a 
bicycle. With this grindstone and an outfit of 
mn 
mm 
Tools and Cutlery 
you are always ready for the finest or heaviest work. 
Keen Kutter Tools are tempered for lasting edges and once sharpened 
stay sharp indefinitely. 
For the home they are ideal, doing better work with less attention 
than the ordinary nameless kinds. 
Remember the name and look for the trademark next 
time you buy any tool—whether it be a hammer or a 
saw, an ice pick or a can opener, a bread knife or a 
cleaver. Then you are sure of satisfaction; for all 
Keen Kutter Tools are guaranteed. 
If not at your dealer’s, write us. 
SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY (Inc.) 
St. Louis and Now York, U. S. A. 
—99 %o % Pure— 
American Ingot Iron Roofing 
Guaranteed For 30 Years 
Without Painting 
The Only Guaranteed Metal Roofing ever put on the 
market. Samples free. Write for a free book showing 
remarkable tests. A way out of vour roof troubles. 
THE AMERICAN IRON ROOFING CO., Dept. D, ELYRIA, OHtf 
For Barn or Stack 
With Fork or Sling I 
Offer every conven- 
ence of any carrier j 
made and excel all others in easy 
draft and continued service. 
Result of 40 Years’ Experience 
Many different styles adapted for 
every requirement. Saves labor, 
repairs, and holds the load at any 
point. Send a Postal To-Day 
for Free Catalogue. 
The Ricker Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
Is a Broadcast Lime and Fer¬ 
tilizer Sower a Good 
Investment ? 
We unhesitatingly say that if the 
proper machine is purchased—a ma¬ 
chine that is guaranteed to sow in wide 
range of quantities such materials as 
granular lime, phosphates, nitrate of 
soda, dry wood ashes, etc.—it is a profit¬ 
able machine to buy. The Farmers’ 
Favorite Broadcast Lime and Fertilizer 
Sower, made by the American Seeding- 
Machine Co., Incorporated, Springfield, 
Ohio, will do this work in the right 
way and it is fully guaranteed to do 
all that the manufacturers claim for it. 
Send to the manufacturers for copy of 
the Farmers’ Favorite Broadcast Lime 
and Fertilizer Sower booklet, and any 
other information you may wish. Then 
go to your retail implement dealer and 
insist on seeing the Farmers’ Favorite. 
The increased yields from your acres 
will pay you handsomely for the in¬ 
vestment you make in one of these 
machines. 
)A>r\ 
"Cyclone” '•Sly three stroke self 
feed hay press is latest, most powerful 
and most efficient. Each circle of team 
presses three charges. Self feed auto¬ 
matically puts hay down. Wonderfully 
Increased capacity. Write now for “Baler 
Book” and special low prices. Best 
press, cost least. Five days free trial. 
GEO. ERTEL CO., Quincy. III. Established 1867. 
WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID ^$8.75 
for < Buggy Wheel*. Steel Tire*. With Rubber Tire*. SIS.20. I 
mfg. wheels to 4 in. tread. Buggy Top* >6.60, Shafts J2.00. Top 
Banks Ui; Harness,$5. Learn how to bay direct. Cetalofitc Pree. Repair 
Wheels. $b. 60. Wagon Umbrella free, w R BOOB, Cincinnati* 0. 
Genasco 
Ready Roofing 
Trinidad Lake Asphalt Roofing'. 
Does away with leaks and re¬ 
pairs. Guaranteed. 
Write for Good Roof Guide Book and sam¬ 
ples. 
THE BARBER ASPHALT 
PAVING COMPANY 
Largest producers of asphalt and largest 
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world. 
PHILADELPHIA 
New York San Francisco Chicago 
/bithonu Fence 
A fence the manufacturers 
are willing to have a pros¬ 
pective customer know all 
iabout. We will send you a 
small hand sample by mail 
showing size of wire, showing 
heavy top wire, showing the 
strong, smooth knot which 
leaves no kink inside it in the line wire. 
No Other Fence Built Like It 
Best wire. Best Knot. Best mechanical 
skill. Equal length of line wires guaran¬ 
teed. Write today for free sample and 
booklet. 
The ANTHONY FENCE CO.. 
^ 10 Michigan St., ^ 
^ Tecomseh. Michigan, U. S. A. —.g 
See 
that 
Knot 
iPOWN FENCE 
Strongest, most durable fence 
made. Heaviest, closest wires. Double 
galvanized. Practically indestructible. Stock ^ 
strong.Chicken tight. 15 to 35c per rod. Sample Free.We pay frt. 
The Brown Fence &. Wire Co., Dept, It, Cleveland, Ohio* 
-HAVANA LOW WAGONS* 
You ought to be ashamed to make the boys haul 
hay, fodder, etc., with an ordinary HIGH farm 
wagon, when we can furnish you a LOW-DOWN truck 
for much less money. We can lit your farm wagon 
with low steel wheels. Write a postal for our 
FKKK CATALOG, prices and measurement rules. 
Havana Metal Wheel Co., Box 17,Havana,III. 
The Best is the Cheaoest 
For Sale by 
The Merrill Co., Tole¬ 
do, Ohio; The Phila¬ 
delphia Farmer’s Sup¬ 
ply Co., Philadelphia, 
Pa.; Joseph Breck & 
Son, Boston, Mass, and 
L. A. Green, M’f’r. 
Ogdensburg, N.Y. 
CHAIN HANGING 
CATTLE STANCHION 
The Most Practical 
CATTLE FASTENER 
ever invented. 
Manufactured and for 
Sftlo by 
O. H. ROBERTSON, 
JTorestville, Conn. 
