762 
THE RURA.L NEW-YORKER 
August 21, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to insure attention. Be¬ 
fore asking a question, please see whether it is not 
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only 
a few questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
JAPAN PLUM PATHFINDER. 
Fig. 434 shows a pure Japan hybrid 
plum produced by crossing Chabot and 
Wickson; I call it Pathfinder. The 
fruit when fully ripe is firm, very fine 
grained and sweet. The firmness, fine 
form and dark color will make it an 
ideal shipper. My Abundance-Bur- 
bank hybrid plum netted me $2.10 per 
bushel in St. Louis last week. I think 
JAPAN PLUM PATHFINDER. Fig. 434. 
the way to succeed with Japan plums is 
to grow a few of the older varieties, 
save seed and grow new kinds. Here 
all the Japans bloom profusely, set 
liberally, and, except possibly Red 
June, rot unanimously. The same is 
true of all the Triflora-Chicasaw hy¬ 
brids. WILLIAM STRANG. 
Arkansas. _ 
Plum Curculio on Apples. 
IF. C. F-, New Hartford, Conn •—I am 
sending you a few samples of apples 
(Greenings) to show the work of the cur¬ 
culio. Please have your expert examine 
them to see if any eggs are deposited or 
worms are to be found. I have examined 
a good many for the past three seasons 
and can find no trace of progeny, and 
conclude that the curculio does its work 
from “pure cussedness.” 
Ans. —The Plum curculio makes two 
kinds of punctures in the fruit, a feed¬ 
ing puncture and an egg-laying punc¬ 
ture. The first is circular, and ex¬ 
tends some distance into the flesh of 
the fruit; the second is crescent-shaped, 
and in the loosened flap above the cres¬ 
cent the minute white egg is deposited. 
When the grub hatches it is very small, 
white or yellowish in color and would 
be very hard to find without the aid of 
a magnifying glass. If the fruit falls 
to the ground before or soon after 
hatching the grub grows rapidly, reach¬ 
ing its full size in about 2G days. If, 
however, as is frequently the case with 
the apple, the fruit remains on the tree, 
a large per cent of the grubs are killed 
by the pressure of the rapidly growing 
tissue of the fruit. The original food- 
plant of the Plum curculio was the 
wild plum. In attacking the apple it is 
attempting to use a fruit for which its 
habits are less perfectly adapted, and 
the results are only partly successful. 
It is hardly “cussednessfrom the in¬ 
sect’s point of view it is “enterprise.” 
Tile Drains in Apple Orchards. 
S. E. S., Berwick, N. S —I have bearing 
orchard with trees 30 feet apart that I am 
thinking of tile underdraining. Would the 
destruction of roots in digging the trenches 
for tile be sufficient to make one hesitate in 
draining? Would the roots eventually en¬ 
ter the joints of tile and choke them up? 
Ans. —There will be no harm done to 
the trees by the few roots cut 15 feet 
from the trunk; in fact, unless the or¬ 
chard is quite old, there will be none 
of any great size to cut. The writer 
drained a nine-year-old orchard last 
Summer up in the far-famed apple 
belt of Western New York, where 
the trees were only 25 feet apart, and 
the roots encountered were only the 
small fibrous feeders. There has been 
no stoppage of drains by fruit tree 
roots reported where it was clearly 
shown that the drains were not stopped 
by earth before the roots entered them. 
There was a complaint through these 
columns last Winter by a Michigan 
writer, of drains being filled by peach 
tree roots, but the same writer told 
of most of his drains being filled with 
sand on other parts of the farm. There 
was nothing in his letter showing that 
the drains in the peach orchard were 
not filled by sand before the peach tree 
roots entered them. Put your drains 
down about four feet deep, lay to a 
true grade, make good joints and 
cover with clay, or gravel coarse enough 
so that it will not pass through the 
joints, and you need have*no fear of 
fruit tree roots. Orchard draining 
has passed the experimental stage, and 
become recognized as a farm practice 
of lasting benefit to the orchard. 
J. F. VAN SCHOONHOVEN. 
Prospects for Greenhouse Glass. 
A. D-, Benson, Neb .—I have been plan¬ 
ning to build a greenhouse, and I am un¬ 
decided whether to buy glass now or wait 
on the chance that it may drop. I have 
never asked the opinion ‘of a dealer yet 
but that they advised to buy, as glass was 
going to rise. The rise always failed to 
come, and have been bitten a couple of 
times by buying when it dropped instead of 
going up. 
Ans.— The present price of greenhouse 
glass in New York is low, being about 
$2.60 per box of 50 square feet for 
16x24 “A” quality, double strength, 
this being the size that is most in de¬ 
mand for this purpose. Smaller sizes 
are quoted at -slightly lower prices, 
10x12 glass of similar quality costing 
about $2.12 per box. Large quantities 
could probably be had for a slight re¬ 
duction from these prices, but owing 
to the fact that the glass factories do 
not resume operations until September, 
there is not likely to be a drop in price. 
The new tariff bill makes some 
changes in the glass schedule, but the 
reduction to the ultimate consumer is 
likely to be very small. w. H. t. 
Potatoes Year After Year. 
A. H. D. C., Jefferson Co-, N. Y .—I have 
read with interest the article on page 687 
entitled, “Chemicals and Clover in Wiscon¬ 
sin.” Our condition is exactly the same 
as that of E. II. S., and the elimination of 
the dairy is what we are working for. 
Since part of our land is not at present 
fit for potatoes, my plan has been to fol¬ 
low early potatoes with rye, to be plowed 
under in the Spring for humus, and pota¬ 
toes put in again with liberal application of 
fertilizer. Would you consider this to be 
practical for a number of years in succes¬ 
sion? I have 12 acres of very good pota¬ 
toes this year, and am loth to seed this 
down and put in other pieces before they 
are made ready for profitable potato cul¬ 
ture. What would be a good leguminous 
cover crop to put in with, or instead of, 
the rye? 
Ans. —We do not know how many 
years you can safely grow potatoes on 
the same ground; with us three years 
seems to be the limit. After that scab 
becomes so bad that it is necessary to 
rotate and try some other crop. The 
green rye plowed under will help check 
the scab, but in many places at least 
your plan could not be followed over 
three years. Why not plant corn, fol¬ 
lowing the potatoes, seed to a “catch 
crop” at last cultivation, and plow this 
under for potatoes ? Or use oats in 
place of corn. This would give a two- 
year rotation without seeding to grass. 
There is something peculiar about po¬ 
tato scab. We have one record of a 
garden soil which produced potatoes 
year after year for over 20 years, with 
horse manure used at that. On one 
farm where a five-year rotation is used 
there is one field which usually gives a 
very scabby crop, while the other four 
fields seem to be nearly free. A mix¬ 
ture of barley and Canada field peas is 
being used in the North for a late 
catch crop. The peas add nitrogen to 
the soil. 
BARREL BASKETS 
Better and Cheaper 
PEACH CARRIERS 
than Barrels or Boxes 
BARREL BASKETS 
THE No. 34 BRACED 
BASKETS 
are 3 to the Barrel and are 
coming into general use for 
shipping Fruit and produce 
of all kinds. 
THE SCANT ' /2 BARREL 
SIZE BASKETS 
are used for Sweet Potatoes, 
Apples, Onions, Cauliflower, 
Peas, Beans, etc. 
CARLOAD ORDERS 
SHIPPED DIRECT 
FROM MILL. 
Best Fruit brings more money when 
packed in these crates.—Commission 
merchants advise using this style 
Package for good fruit. 
LESS CARLOAD OR- Diameter on top 16 inches 
DERS SHIPPED FROM Diameter on bottom 10 in- 
NEW YORK. Depmfo inches 
COLES & COMPANY, 109 6 111 Warren St., NEW YORK 
Telephone, 3761 Cortlandt Established 1884 
CLARK’S “CUTAWAY” 
extension HEAD ORCHARD HARROWS 
Every orcbardist and fruit grower should have one or more of 
these labor savers and fruit makers. 
Thorough cultivation makes large crops. Stirring the soil lets 
In the air. sunshine and new life and kills foul vegetation. The 
“CUTAWAY” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists and aerates the soil. 
These harrows are made in 20 sizes to extend beyond team under low 
limbs of trees. The double levers give the driver lull control of the tool 
at all times. Clark’s Cutaway Tools 
run lighter and do better work than any other machine, 
either harrow or plough, and when properly used are guar¬ 
anteed to produce 25 to 50$ more crops. Will 
last a lifetime. 
Send today for FREE Booklet describing 
120 sizes and styles. 
Cutaway Harrow Company 
839 Main Street, H1GGANUM, CONN. 
CLARKS 
CUTAWAY 
TOOLS 
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcis¬ 
sus and Crocus. Easter 
Lilies and Hardy Japan 
andNative Lilies. English, 
German,Spanish and Japan 
Iris. California Erythro- 
niums, Calochortus, Bro- 
diaeas,Fritillarias and Tril- 
liums, and all other Native 
and Foreign Bulbs and 
Roots in endless variety. 
The largest assortment in America 
Catalogue, now ready, mailed free 
for the asking. 
J. M. THOR BURN & CO. 
33 Barclay St., NEW YORK 
SEED WHEAT 
GYPSY, Ohio Experiment Station’s favorite. 
Bearded, heavy yielder. POOLE, another favor¬ 
ite. Smooth, good yielder. Write 
J. K. 4VING & BROS. 
Box 433, Mechanicshurg, Ohio. 
Fultz Wheat... 
Best Milling Variety. Good Yielder. 
Sure Cropper. 
Our crop pure and carefully prepared for sowing. 
Also Poole. Mammoth White Bye, New Crop 
Timothy. Write for samples, circulars, prices. 
The 0. C. Shepard Co., 9E St., Medina, Ohio. 
SEED WHEAT. 
400 acres. Grown especially for seed purposes in 
the wheat belt of Lancaster County, Pa. Return 
of seed allowed and money refunded if not satis¬ 
factory. The best varieties smooth and bearded. 
I issue a neat circular. It is free, hut you must ask 
for it. A. H. HOFFMAN, Bamford, Pa. 
SEED WHEAT afBfc 
First-Class FRUIT TREES bearing trees. 
Grown in the famous Genesee Valley. 
SAMUEL FRASER, Geneseo, N. Y. 
S END forCircular to originator of Jones’ Winter 
Wheats, which are leaders wherever known. 
A NEW ONE FOR 1909. Address JONES, 
THE WHEAT GROWER, Batavia, N. Y. 
C hoice clover and grass seeds sold 
direct to the farmer. We have reduced our 
choice Hungarian and Millet seeds to the present 
market value. Write for samples and prices at 
once. N. WERTHEIMER & SONS, Ligonier, Ind. 
FOR SALE 
-CRIMSON CLOVER SEED, $6.00 
bushel. COW-HORN TURNIP 
SEED. 40c. pound. 
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Delaware. 
Slants 
A selected list of the newer kinds t 
of strawberries that have been tested at our 
trial grounds as well as the best of the 
older sorts, are fully described in 
DREER’S 
Mid-Summer 
Catalogue 
Also the best varieties of Celery, Cabbage 
Plants, etc. 
A most complete list of the Best Hard p 
Perennial Seeds for summer sowing. 
Also vegetable and farm seeds for sum¬ 
mer and fall sowing. Select list of season¬ 
able decorative and flowering plants. 
Write for a copy and kindly 
mention this magazine— FREE. 
HENRY A. DREER PHILADELPHIA 
[Si’iso«£jo< 
(F 
Quart of Strawberries 
to each 
Riant 1910 
Send for Catalogue and Prices. 
T. C. KEVITT, Atlieuia, N. J. 
^frauihorrv pionfc of the Best Varieties, 
dirawuerry ridni5 Descriptive Catalogue 
free. BASIL PERRY, Box 18, Cool Spring, Del. 
FRUIT FOR HOME USE 
You certainly never make any mistake when you plant a 
few of every kind of fruit suitable to your locality. 
Our advice is free, so Is our catalogue. 
For the sake of your family's health plant this spring at 
least a few things. Address 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO.. -:- Hightstown, N. J, 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Berlin, Md. 
1100 acres trees and plants. Catalog free. 
FULCASTER WHEAT 
No Better Cropping: or Milling Variety. 
We offer only this one variety, grown on our own 
farms under careful supervision and especially 
prepared for seed. Write for sample and prices. 
The National Farm School, Farm School,Dept.B, Bucks Co.,Pa. 
CELERY 
BEST VARIETIES. Full count of 
heavily rooted, stocky plants. 
H. A. TODD, Doylestown, Penna. 
LONGHEAD WHEAT 
red, hard, bearded. There is none better. $4.00 
for two bushels. MYRON CLOSE, Cato, N. Y. 
C ORN TIE—Cheap, quick, reliable. $1.50 per 
hundred. RELIABLE TIE CO.,Chadwicks, N.Y. 
tfjcnnn ^ or Best Suburban Fruit Farm in South. 
$uUUU Forty acres. Grows largest, earliest, 
best flavored Elbertas In United States. Address 
OWNER, Fruit Park Farm, Athens, Tex. 
VIRGINIA FARMS 
Poultry, fruit, dairy, grain, stock, truck farms, 
and colonial estates. Low prices. Delightful cli¬ 
mate. Abundant pure water. Large eastern 
markets. Timber lands a specialty. Write for 
free, illustrated catalogue. 
WILES LAND CO., Inc., Richmond, Va. 
