moo. 
THIS R.VJ 1S.A.L NEW-YORKER 
796 
BUCKWHEAT FOR GREEN MANURE. 
J. B. M., Ligonier. Ind —I read in some 
farm paper that buckwheat ..’as a great 
thing for the soil, and that if one would 
plow under when in full bloom and follow 
with rye, great results would follow. I 
had a field that had raised 28 bushels of 
wheat to the acre last year; had sown 
clover, but to my great astonishment noth¬ 
ing came but common horse sorrel. This 
was as rank a growth as could possibly 
be. There being no hay in sight, I pro¬ 
ceeded to plow’ under the sorrel. It was of 
such a grow’th that a chain was needed 
to turn under well. I have sown the buck¬ 
wheat and the same is now in full bloom, 
sown the very last of June. At this writing 
it has made a wonderful growth. Since 
reading the article referred to I have read 
another. This one said no use to throw 
away the seed, for there was nothing in 
buckwheat to do the soil a bit of good. I 
have about concluded to let the crop ma¬ 
ture. I would think after crop was off 
one might sow rye and still get a fair 
growth to turn under. I would like to 
have your opinion on this matter. Better 
still would I like to follow this crop with 
wheat. It would make it a little late, but 
seems to me ground would be in excellent 
condition for this crop. Which is best to 
do, go ahead and turn the buckwheat un¬ 
der. sow to rye at once, or would it be 
best for my poeketbook to cut the buck¬ 
wheat for the wheat? How would it do to 
plow under the crop and then sow to 
wheat? If buckwheat is not much good 
for the soil, it seems to me one would be 
better off financially to cut the buckwheat 
for grain. 
Ans. —We should let the buckwheat 
mature and then cut it tor the grain. 
It will probably be too late when this 
is done to sow wheat, but you can put 
in rve and expect a fair crop. The 
heavy growth of sorrel indicates that 
the land is sour and needs lime. The 
buckwheat does not add any plant food 
to the soil, but it will make a fair 
growth where wheat would not thrive. 
This indicates that it has the power to 
use forms of plant food which other 
grains could not utilize. Then, when 
the buckwheat decays in the soil, this 
plant food can be used by following 
crops. We can take very poor soil and 
ow turnips in the Spring. They will 
make a poor growth. Plow them under 
in June and sow buckwheat. Put this 
under in September and sow rye. Plow 
tlie rye under in May and sow cow peas. 
Plow these under in late August and 
sow buckwheat, and if lime is also used 
there will be a fair catch of clover in 
the Spring. In your case the great 
value of the buckwheat would be in 
adding vegetable matter to the soil. 
The stubble following in the sorrel will 
probably be enough of this. 
The “ Clark ” Grass Culture. 
17. 17. T., Cuyahoga Falls, o. —Will you 
give the “Clark” method of raising grass 
for hay? What fertilizers did he use, and 
how much seed per acre of Timothy and 
Blue grass? 
Ans. —The “Clark” method depended 
on three essential things—thorough 
preparation of the soil, heavy seeding 
and the heavy use of chemical fertil¬ 
izers. Mr. Clark usually reseeded an 
old field or meadow or an oat stubble. 
Preparation was started in July. In¬ 
stead of plowing the soil over, drag the 
sod bottom side up. Clark used a Cut¬ 
away disk—that is, a disk with saw¬ 
like teeth cut out of the rim. This tool, 
heavily weighted ancj hauled over the 
field, ripped up the sod and tossed it 
in chunks, instead of turning it over. 
The object was to kill out all the old 
grass and weeds—stem and root—by 
tossing them to the surface where the 
air could get at them. The field was 
worked in this way 20 times or more 
before grass seeding time, graded and 
then worked fine with a spike harrow. 
Mr. Clark advocated 14 quarts each of 
I imothy and Red-top seed per acre— 
about three times as much as farmers 
usually sow. Six quarts of clover were 
usually added per acre. He used great 
care in seeding to obtain an even stand, 
goutg twice or Gven four times over. 
He used a fertilizer which contained 
about one-fourth each by weight of ni¬ 
trate of soda, fine ground bone, acid 
phosphate and muriate of potash, the 
average yearly application being 800 
pounds per acre. By following this 
method Mr. Clark grew five tons or 
more per acre, and kept the fields pro¬ 
ducing year after year. 
The Farmers’ Institute Question. 
De Laval 
The live institutes for farmers, as a 
rule, are well attended by the best success¬ 
ful farmers of our country. It is too often 
the case that a man cannot see another 
higher up than himself, classing all joy 
farmers, mollycoddles, etc. I regret to feel 
that while our educational systems were 
never in so good a shape to bring about 
that high ennobling standard for a nation, 
an assertion could be tittered stilting “the 
schools are surely a failure under the 
present system”; also that the educational 
idea should be cut out of the institutes. 
Let me say that there is not enough of 
this educational impressiveness rather. 
Better explained at farmers' institutes, it 
will pave the road for better farmers. I 
believe that it belongs to the farmer to 
fill the question box to overflowing and it 
is sure to bring out the advantages and 
reverse at stations, observed by the con¬ 
ductor and force of the institute, benefiting 
the man asking the questions about experi¬ 
ments. What we want at institutes is 
the right switch to all live facts. Tell, 
through men who know, just what laws 
are benefiting him, and where, if his 
influence is used, it will greatly improve 
his situation. Intensive farming encour¬ 
aged, showing the practical method which, 
to put the land into that productive state, 
increas the yield to a handsome profit; 
the study of the soil as to its lacking con¬ 
stituents balancing for plant food; prac¬ 
tical methods in city marketing of various 
products. Practical side of the State road 
question relative to its use and abuse, 
and how best adjusted for all concerned; 
practical uses of concrete for the farmer. 
A lantern picture talk on methods, plans, 
locations, experiments, etc., worked out 
at experiment stations, and last but not 
least, remember that we were boys and 
girls once, and we well know where our 
advantages could have been improved, but 
now too late. It is not golden opportuni¬ 
ties lost when any address for the benefit 
of the boy occupies a small portion of the 
day. It is not only a safe guide for the 
parent toward better prospects, but food 
for the youth. Mothers always find the 
deepest interest in this style of subjects, 
and the women go a long way towards a 
successful institute session. 
Wa.vland, X. Y. w. w. c. 
Protection in Buying Improved Live Stock. 
One of the greatest advance steps in the 
registration of pure blood cattle has re¬ 
cently been taken by the American Guern¬ 
sey Cattle Club in the adoption of a new 
form of certificate of registration. This 
new certificate is not only one of entry, 
but carries also the transfer record and 
a copy of the sketch of the fawn and 
white markings filed of the animals at time 
of registration. It gives the purchaser a 
chance of verifying and identifying his 
animals with the records, and thus prevents 
transposition in shipment or fraudulent sub¬ 
stitution. These new certificates will have 
to be returned to the secretary’s office for 
the addition of the record of each transfer 
and must be countersigned by the secre¬ 
tary at such times. They are .then to be¬ 
come the property of the new purchaser. 
This certificate, in addition to the rule 
adopted at the last meeting of the Guernsey 
Club, requiring all animals to be registered 
before they are six months of age. unless 
a birth report has been filed with the sec¬ 
retary within 30 days of date of birth of 
calf, marks another step in the progress 
of the Guernsey cow and her association 
in the fonfidence of the public. 
Jkhsky Cattle Club Meeting. —It has 
been decided to hold a special meeting of 
the New York State Jersey Cattle Club, 
at Syracuse. N. Y., during the week of 
the great State Fair. This meeting will 
be held at 8 o’clock, Tuesday evening, 
September 14th. at the Yates Hotel. This 
special meeting is to be held more for per¬ 
sonal intercourse among Hie members and 
all breeders of Jersey cattle throughout the 
State, and it is expected that good speak¬ 
ers will be present and the different mat¬ 
ters of most interest to Jersey breeders 
touched upon. W sincerely trust that every 
person who owns a Jersey will attend this 
meeting and help push the club’s interest 
as well as the Jersey cause in the Empire 
State. It is expected that the Jerseys at 
the State Fair will be judged upon Wed¬ 
nesday morning, September 15, so be on 
hand at the meeting the evening previous. 
For any other information address the sec¬ 
retary. Harry S. Gail, secretary. 
The Farmer’s Institute.— Last year I 
attended an institute where one of the 
speakers was absent fffr one day. and so 
we only had one-half as many addresses as 
otherwise, but I got more out of tin 1 dis¬ 
cussions that day than I did out of any¬ 
thing else in the two days’ programme. 
Of course, if the people will not ask ques¬ 
tions. you need lots of talk from the speak¬ 
ers. but if the audience is awake. I think 
the average institute has too many speeches 
and too little discussions, I find it is the 
discussions that bring out what troubles 
the people. So give us good speakers, able 
and up-to-date, and then ask them ques¬ 
tions. h. G. s. 
Parry, O. 
CREAM 
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The buyer who puts his money into any other separator 
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De Laval machine, the opportunity for which knowledge is free 
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THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 
41 !•;. Madison Street 
CHICAGO 
1213 ii 1215 Filbert St. 
PHILADELPHIA 
Dkuikm .k Sacuasuctto Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
General Offices: 
165 BROADWAY 
NEW YORK. 
173-177 William Street 
MONTREAL 
14 Jc 16 Princess street 
WINNIPEG 
107 First Street 
