826 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 18, 
QUESTIONS ABOUT LIME. 
N. A. L-, Dallastoton, Pa .—What infor¬ 
mation can you give about hydrated lime? 
The manufacturers claim 500 pounds will 
equal 25 bushels of ordinary stone lime. 
Which would be the more satisfactory, air- 
slaked lime at $1 or hydrated lime at $8 
per ton, hauling not to be considered? I 
would also like to know when is the best 
time to apply the lime? I am farming a 
four-year rotation; corn followed by oats 
and potatoes, then wheat, then grass 
(clover and Timothy), one year. Soil rather 
porous and gravelly, and inclined to be 
rather hilly. 
11. K. D., Kutztovon, Pa .—I bought sev¬ 
eral acres of the best “walnut soil” in this 
section, but it had not been limed for more 
Ilian 35 years to my knowledge, mighty 
little manure and no other fertilizer what¬ 
ever; it, was simply worn out. I got pos¬ 
session too late in Spring to lime it; 
manure was too hard to get, so the land 
got only a part ration, but besides this 
1 used four tons tobacco stems on two 
acres, as well as 1G00 pounds potato phos¬ 
phate. Although we have a long drought 
I am getting a good crop of potatoes, the 
plants covering the entire ground. I have 
experimented, and find it necessary to use 
potato fertilizer to get a good crop. Would 
you advise to lime this soil either this Fall 
or in Spring for potatoes again? I have 
also stored up some manure. Tobacco stems 
cost me $8 per ton, and where this was 
used we find no white grubs. I raised five 
bumper crops of potatoes in succession on 
a tract of building lots adjoining. The 
farmers used to stop and examine my po¬ 
tato crop, and the best crop was 32G bushels 
from 1 % acre. 
A ns. —From our experience it would 
be nonsense to claim that 500 pounds of 
hydrated litne would equal 25 bushels 
of stone lime. We see no advantage 
in hydrated lime except that it is thor¬ 
oughly 'slaked and fine. Some of the 
air-slaked lime contains little particles 
that are not slaked, and this makes it 
unpleasant to handle. Any form of 
lime is nasty stuff to put on by hand. 
We should buy slaked lime at one dol¬ 
lar and wish we had the chance to get 
it. We should use the lime when seed¬ 
ing to wheat and grass. Put it on the 
new plowed furrows and harrow in be¬ 
fore seeding. 
2. Do not use lime on your potatoes. 
It will increase the danger from scab. 
The tobacco stems are worth at least 
four times as much as manufe—ton 
for ton. I f you use them in connection 
with fertilizers you can keep the soil in 
good condition for potatoes—but use 
the lime on some other crop—like grass 
or grain. ‘_ 
pies of New England and New York 
are not the apples for you. Pennsyl¬ 
vania apples will generally do well, and 
there are native apples of the North 
Carolina mountains that are good, but 
not known in the markets. One North 
Carolina apple, the Nickajack, is in the 
northern catalogues, and is a good keep¬ 
er and looks well. Ben Davis I would 
not advise. There have been entirely 
too many of them planted, and city 
buyers are getting acquainted with the 
poor quality of the fruit, and I believe 
that the day for profit in Ben Davis is 
over. Jonathan will make a handsome 
Fall apple with you, but will hardly keep 
longer than January. Grimes Golden is 
of similar season. Both these are of 
very fine quality, but the Grimes is a 
very poor grower unless top-worked on 
a vigorous tree like Northern Spy. 
While the G rimes is an apple of fine 
quality, the city buyer will take a red 
apple of less quality rather than a yel¬ 
low one. The old Winesap is an excel¬ 
lent apple for you, and is better and 
more healthy in the South than north¬ 
ward. Stayman is an improvement on 
the Winesap both in size and quality, 
though not so bright in color. Wolf 
River is big and showy, but as poor as 
Ben Davis. Rome Beauty is well suited 
to your use. Delicious is a splendid 
fruit, a rather conical shaped apple, but 
is too new yet to determine its adapta¬ 
bility to your section. Gano and Black 
Ben Davis are rather more showy if 
anything than Ben Davis, and neither 
of high quality. McIntosh I do not 
think has been tested in the South, nor 
Wagener or Champion, and I cannot 
give an opinion about them. For com¬ 
mercial purposes in your section I would 
grow Winesap, Stayman, York Imperial, 
Smith Cider, Arkansas Big Stem, and 
if you can get in a mountain cove out 
of the red clay soil you can grow the 
Albemarle Pippin. I would not plant 
apples as fillers, for it will be hard to 
cut out trees that are paying when they 
should be. Plant peaches for fillers, and 
their course will be run by the time the 
apples need the room. I have never 
found Winesap delicate, and have had a 
whole orchard of it in Virginia. Have 
seen scalded York Imperials from cold 
storage, but whether it is the fault of 
the apple or the management I cannot 
say, for I have seen many splendid spec¬ 
imens from cold storage that were not 
scalded. vv. f. massey. 
APPLES FOR NORTH CAROLINA. 
R. P. ./., Asheville, N. C .—I am think¬ 
ing of planting an apple orchard of 10 to 
20 acres this' Fall, and would like 1o have 
yotir advice on (he vital question of varie¬ 
ties. My object is to try to make the or¬ 
chard profitable, in dollars and cents, and 
hence the varieties should be selected with 
reference to hardiness and early and heavy 
bearing qualities of tree, and good selling, 
keeping and shipping qualities of fruit. 
From what I have learned thus far, I am 
disposed to think that Stayman Winesap, 
Ben Davis and York Imperial combine those 
qualities about as well as any varieties, and 
that probably they should constitute 50 to 
75 per cent of the orchard; but I want 
advice before deciding. 1 would like to 
1 now more as to the characteristics of the 
above varieties and also in regard to Am¬ 
erican Blush or Hubbardston (which 
“Fruits for Pennsylvania” ranks' second 
only to Stayman Winesap), Jonathan, 
Grimes Golden, Gano. McIntosh, Camack 
Winesap, Wealthy, Delicious, Wolf River, 
Wagener, Rome Beauty, Black Ben and 
Champion, all of which seem to have 
strong advocates. I would also like ad¬ 
vice as to whether the plan of having both 
permanent trees and fillers is to be rec¬ 
ommended and what varieties are most 
Suitable for “fillers.’’ 
Ans. —Western North Carolina is one 
of the best apple regions of this coun¬ 
try, but some have planted too high on 
the mountain sides, and have their trees 
exposed to sleet storms. Then if plant¬ 
ing apples on mountain sides you get 
above the line of perennial springs the 
trees will be unproductive from lack of 
moisture. I mention this because I 
have seen failure in the Pippin region 
of Virginia from getting the trees above 
the springs. As to varieties, avoid those 
from too far north. The popular ap- 
Brown-Tatl Motii. — Occasionally yon 
have published articles on the Gypsy and 
Brown-tail moths, and I hope to see more 
frequent warnings. 1 lived in Medford, 
where the gypsies started, and know full 
well what will happen if they are left to 
increase and multiply. We have the upper 
hand of them now, and other communi¬ 
ties should take warning if there are any 
signs of the pest. An item in each of your 
issues might do a great deal of good, and 
especially after the leaves have fallen from 
the trees, for then the Brown-tail nests are 
so easily detected. g. n. n. 
Boston, Mass. 
N 
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CLARKS 
CUTAWAY 
TOOLS 
CLARK’S “CUTAWAY” 
extension HEAD ORCHARD HARROWS 
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