1009. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
827 
THE APPLE PLUM. 
Seven or eight years ago Henry Hicks 
of Long Island sent $1 to Luther Bur¬ 
bank for a graft of the Apple plum. 
For three years vve have had good fruit 
BURBANK’S APPLE PLUM. Fig. 4<W. 
from this plum graft. We picked three 
pecks from it this season. Not one oiF 
of 20 has shown signs of decay. The 
tree is hearing just heavily enough for 
its size, so as to give full-size plums. 
Give Luther Burbank credit for this 
plum. Abundance, Burbank, Lombard 
and Reine Claude are giving good crops 
this year. isaac hicks s son. 
Long Island. 
Black Knot on Plum. 
If. 8-, Michigan .—I am sending you 
some growths on the limbs of a plum tree, 
the whole tree is covered with them. Kind¬ 
ly let me know what the disease is and 
whether anything can be done to save the 
tree. 
Ans.—T his is a case of black knot, 
and a tree as badly affected as the one 
BLACK KNOT ON PLUM. Fig. 4157. 
described would better be cut down 
and burned at once. When trees have 
only a few diseased twigs they can be 
cut off and the remainder of tree saved. 
In all cases the knots should be burned 
at once, as the disease is spread from 
them. 
A Waterproof Cellar. 
F. L. A., Washington, Ind .—IIow can l 
make the walls of my cellar moisture and 
water-proof? The cellar is about Half 
under ground, with concrete walls seven or 
eight inches thick made of one part cement 
to six parts gravel. There is a room 
above. Before and during a rain tlie cellar 
walls get very damp, and when ground is 
saturated water seeps through lower part 
of wall. I am afraid canned fruit, apples, 
etc., would not keep well. What would be 
the best material to pack between cellar 
ceiling and floor of room above? 
Ans.—C oncrete, when made of the 
proper proportion of gravel, sand and 
cement, should have just enough sand 
to fill the voids in the gravel, and ce¬ 
ment to fill the voids in the sand. If 
this theory could be exactly worked out 
of course concrete would be water¬ 
proof. Good thorough tamping is a 
part of the work in making tight con¬ 
crete. I veneered our cellar wall 
around the outside and part of it in¬ 
side with concrete and where it was 
tamped plenty it is tight, but the way to 
make a dry cellar is to drain it. Place 
the drains clear around the building 
three or four feet out from the wall 
and a little below. Give this drain a 
grade of an inch to the rod, and if 
the trench was filled with gravel it 
would add to the efficiency of the drain. 
Then put cave troughs on the house and 
the cellar should be dry. I cannot an¬ 
swer for the floor packing. I should not 
want it done. Would look for it to get 
damp and stay in that condition to the 
detriment of the timber. 
J. F. VAN SCHOONIIOVEN. 
Summer Pruning of Peach Trees. 
The only Summer pruning that I 
practice in the peach orchards is on 
three and four-year-old trees that are 
making a rapid growth, that I wish to 
throw into fruitage. I go in late in 
July and early in August and from the 
central head cut out about one-half of 
the strongest shoots of this season’s 
growth, taking them down to last year’s 
growth. I also cut away any low-down 
branches that wou'd be likely to have 
to come off in the next season’s prun¬ 
ing anyway. After this T shorten in a 
little the leading shoots of this season’s 
growth that are left; it is a sort of 
shocking process, which usually stimu¬ 
lates the greater development of fruit 
buds than would be if no Summer- 
pruning was adopted, and I like it to 
force vigorous trees into early fruiting. 
This season where growth has not been 
as strong as usual we are just doing 
some of the thinning out now, August 
20, and none of the shortening in, as we 
want a longer growth on what shoots 
vve do leave, and hope to get it within 
the next six weeks, now that we have 
had rain. J- H. hale. 
Connecticut. 
Summer pruning of the peach in com¬ 
mercial orchards is not practical. The 
wood grows too late to get any benefit 
in developing buds, and it always sets 
more fruit buds than is possible to ma¬ 
ture in good fruit. Good, clean culture 
to make a strong growth and well ma¬ 
tured wood is better than to attempt 
pinching or cutting in of annual growth, 
which, like the apple, if done before the 
wood is somewhat filature, will show a 
record growth from the buds near the 
ends of the pruned branches. For a few 
trees in a garden near the 10th of Sep¬ 
tember, or when the terminal buds show 
signs of forming, cutting back a few 
inches of the new growth may some 
seasons aid in developing a thoroughly 
matured bud, but it requires more judg¬ 
ment to determine the right time to do 
this than most growers possess. Sum¬ 
mer pruning of the peach is impractical. 
GEORGE T. POWELL. 
6% BONDS 
Secured by Farm Liens 
$100 and U 
In the irrigated districts, there are 
millions of acres of the finest farm 
land in America being brought into 
fertility. The crops raised on this 
land are marvelous. The first sea¬ 
son’s crop very often pays the whole 
cost of the land. 
To water this land, immense Irri¬ 
gation Companies are organized to 
build reservoirs, dams and ditches. 
Some are organized under the Fed¬ 
eral law known as the Carey Act. 
The farmers, to secure perpetual 
water rights, give to these companies 
a first lien on their farms, to be paid 
in ten annual installments. The lien 
rarely amounts to more than one- 
fourth the cash value of the land. 
The Irrigation Company deposits 
these liens with a Trust Company. 
Then bonds are issued with the farm 
liens as security. Back of each $100 
bond the Trust Company usually 
holds $150 of this farm lien security. 
In addition, the Irrigation Com¬ 
pany gives to the Trust Company as 
trustee a first mortgage on all the 
property it owns. This mortgage is 
held as extra security until the last 
bond is paid. So the best Irriga¬ 
tion bonds are doubly secured—first 
by the farm liens, second by the 
company’s mortgage. 
Ideal Security 
Sometimes these Irrigation bonds 
are issued by districts, the same as 
School bonds. Such bonds become a 
tax lien on all property in the dis¬ 
trict. The interest and principal are 
paid out of taxes. 
All these bonds, if rightly issued 
form ideal securities. The farm liens 
alone would place them among the 
very safest investments. But we 
have, in addition, mortgages given 
by immense corporations which must 
see that every obligation is met. It 
is hard to conceive of a better pro¬ 
tected investment. 
Six Per Cent 
Irrigation bonds are issued in de¬ 
nominations of $100, $500 and $1,000. 
so one may invest either little or 
much. 
Part of the bonds are paid off 
every year. You may buy a bond 
due in two years, if you wish, or in 
twelve years, or in - any year be¬ 
tween. Every bond paid off, of 
course, increases the security back 
of the rest. 
(21 
Address 
Name of my bank. 
The bonds pay six per cent inter¬ 
est. This is a higher rate than can 
now be obtained on any large class 
of equal securities. 
We handle all good classes of 
bonds—Municipal, Corporation, Pub¬ 
lic Utility, etc. But Irrigation bonds 
have, become the most popular bonds 
that we handle. Their ample se¬ 
curity and high interest rate have 
made them the favorites of the. 
shrewdest investors. 
Ask for Our Book 
We have had fifteen years of ex¬ 
perience in selling Reclamation 
bonds, based on farm liens. These 
include Drainage District and Irri¬ 
gation. During this time we have 
sold seventy such issues, without a 
dollar of loss to any investor. 
We are the largest dealers in this 
class of security. Our own engineers 
and attorneys pass on every project. 
Our officers personally inspect every 
enterprise on which we sell bonds. 
We have now written a book based 
on all this experience. It is the best 
book of the kind ever issued. It 
deals with every phase of irrigation 
and irrigation bonds. Every man 
who has money to invest—whether 
little or much—should read this book 
before making investment. 
Cut out this coupon, send it at 
once, and the book will be mailed 
you free. 
First National Bank Building 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
Please send your free book on 
Irrigation Bonds. 
Name _ 
V _______ m «0j 
We sell the bonds if you prefer, 
through your local bank. If so, 
please give us the name of your 
bank and we will send full informa¬ 
tion when we send it to you. 
MAKE MONEY 
lor FARMERS 
It is easy to make lumber for 
yourselt and neighbors with an 
AMERICAN mill. All sizes. 
Work rapidly with lightpower. 
No experience needed, (lot 
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12 9 Hope St.,llackottKlown,N. J. 
1582Terminal Rldgs., New York 
Our Zinc-Coated (Guaranteed) 
Iron Gut Nails Are Rust Proof. 
The heads won’t rust off. Just us good ns old- 
fashioned wrought cut nulls. Will withstand cli¬ 
matic conditions and the free acid present in tho 
sap of all wood. Last a lifetime. Write for prices 
and samples. 
Malleable Iron Fitting's Co„ Branford, Conn. 
a mechanical test more 
irvice and we prove that 
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Wires electrically welded at every contact point. No clamps, 
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The wire is of special steel galvanized by our latest improved pro 
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Perfectly adjustable to uneven ground, and to all temperature 
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By taking away bunglesome and unnecessary parts we increased 
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PITTSBURGH STEEL COMPANY, 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 
