844 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must he accompanied by the name 
and aduress of the writer to insure attention. Be¬ 
fore ashing a question, please see whether it is not 
answered in our advertising columns. Ask only 
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separate piece of paper.] 
NOTES ON SEEDING. 
When we break up a piece of ground 
in July, as we do almost every year, 
some crop needs to be put on as early 
as August or early September. We 
think August the best time if conditions 
are not too unfavorable. There is not 
much plowing done in our locality, on 
these cheap lands, unless the grass is 
in such a condition as to demand that 
something be done. Since grass is our 
best crop, we usually try to get back to 
grass again as soon as we can. That 
means that we shall plow in July, har¬ 
row in July and August, perhaps a dozen 
times, or possibly more, perhaps less; 
enough to pulverize the soil thoroughly 
and kill out the weeds. With an occa¬ 
sional shower followed shortly with the 
harrow, quite a bit of moisture can be 
got into the soil, and if a nice shower 
shortly precedes the time of seeding a 
good "catch” is pretty certain. We sow 
our grasses at this time, and sometimes 
put on clover seed early the following 
Spring. It is not necessary to sow any¬ 
thing but the grasses, commonly Tim¬ 
othy and Red-top. 
For some time various speakers have 
advocated seeding to clover and grass 
in Summer or early Autumn, after oats 
have been harvested, instead of seeding 
at the time the oats are sown, as is the 
usual custom. I have made but one 
trial of this method, but in my case it 
was practically a failure. I am not pre¬ 
pared to abandon the method, but shall 
go somewhat light in my experiments 
with it. Last year I divided one piece 
of oats and seeded a part at the time 
the oats were put in, and the remainder 
after the oats had been taken off. The 
early seeding was quite good, although 
not ideal, but the late seeding amounted 
to very little, although a good deal of 
work was put on the job, and consider¬ 
able fertilizer added beyond what the 
other part had. It is not to be under¬ 
stood that the method is at fault. The 
difficulty arose from the fact that dry 
weather came on and stayed with us 
right along. A neighbor of mine made 
the same experiment at the same time, 
lie says he will not try it again unless 
he knows beforehand that it is going 
to be a wet season. In my case, I 
seeded again last Spring before the 
frost was fairly out, and got a good 
catch. We mowed it late, some days 
after finishing the remainder of our 
haying, and got a very good crop. There 
is promise of a good growth another 
year. H. H. lyon. 
FOUR-YEAR-OLD APPLE TREES. 
Reader .—Agents are trying to sell me 
apple trees which they say are four years 
old; price, 40 cents each. The agents claim 
that these trees will bear in two years 
and prove superior to younger ones. 
Any agent who claims that a four- 
year-old apple tree is much better to set 
than a younger one is trying to hood¬ 
wink his customer, or does not know 
his business. I do not think a good 
reputable nursery firm would employ 
such a man. The best authorities the 
world over agree that young trees are 
the most profitable to set in the long 
run. These four-year-old trees might 
bear of course in two years. So they 
would if set at two years, and in the 
■latter case the root system would 
be much stronger and in better shape 
to produce a crop. It is very likely the 
trees in question are a lot of left-overs 
or culls, and I would advise any man 
not to buy them. 
Seneca Co., N. Y. w. a. bassett. 
While I have not much experience in 
planting such trees, I would not rec¬ 
ommend it, and would not plant them 
THE RURAb 
myself. I would much rather plant 
one-year-old trees, which I have been 
doing with much satisfaction. I think 
they would be more likely to live. You 
could head the tree to your liking, and 
you could have the tree under your 
control in every way, and it is my opin¬ 
ion that the one-year-old tree at five 
years from planting would be a much 
better tree, and I think it would come 
in bearing full as soon as the four- 
year-old. The latter would receive a 
shock in the transplanting which would 
set it back to a considerable extent, 
if it lived through the change, while 
the former would grow from the start. 
I will say in conclusion that the best 
success I have ever had with apple 
trees has 'been with one-year-olds, but I 
want them to be strong, vigorous grow¬ 
ing trees. lewis l. morrell. 
Columbia Co., N. Y. 
A good four-year-old apple tree, if i 
well grown and dug carefully, is a de¬ 
sirable tree for a town lot, or the vil¬ 
lage garden, but is not to be recom¬ 
mended for orchard planting. It is too 
expensive, as the grower must have a 
big price for it to pay him for use of 
land and labor to grow, dig and pack 
such a tree. It is too large to handle 
properly, and plant in the orchard, and 
the shock is too great for such a large 
tree to be removed after growing four 
years in a crowded nursery row. The 
chances are all against the tree being of 
desirable shape; and there is but little 1 
chance for the planter to get it into the 
desired shape of the modern orchard 
tree. The very best tree to plant in the 
orchard is a good one-year tree. Such 
a tree should be from three to five feet 
high, according to variety, some va¬ 
rieties making much more growth than 
others in the same soil. The roots of 
this one-year tree are ready to take 
right hold of the soil, and commence to 
grow. The top of this one-year tree is 
easily formed to any desired height and 
shape that suits the owner, and is to be 
preferred to any other sized or age tree. 
Set side by side it will bear a crop of 
fruit before the older and larger tree. 
Monmouth Co., N. J. e. s. black. 
Potato Fertilizers. 
U. C. N., St. Peters, Pa .—Would an in¬ 
crease to 20 or 25 per cent potash he ad¬ 
visable in fertilizer for potatoes—say 3-8- 
20? Why is phosphoric acid necessary to a 
potato crop? Just what does it do? Would 
the addition of one per cent nitrogen sepa¬ 
rately after the appearance of the plant be 
profitable? 
Ans. —We doubt the profit in using 
so much potash unless it be on some 
soil that is peculiarly in need of it. We 
should not expect a profit from using 
over three times as much potash as of 
nitrogen. Phosphoric acid is necessary 
to all crops. Plants will not make a 
healthy growth without it. It is the 
mineral most likely to be lacking in 
available forms in the majority of soils, 
and the one most likely to enter insolu¬ 
ble forms. Thus it is always the rule 
in careful fertilizing to provide an ex¬ 
cess of phosphoric acid. The chief 
function of phosphoric acid is to build 
up the life principle and the frame¬ 
work of the plant. Thus it is found 
largely in the seeds and their germs, 
and in vines or that part of plants which 
may be compared to the animal skele¬ 
ton. Like potash, the phosphoric acid 
affects the vital functions or life of the 
plant, so that an analysis of either the 
potato vine or tuber would not be a 
fair measurement of what the plant 
needs. From our own experience we 
have not found it profitable to add nitro¬ 
gen later, provided a good supply of a 
well-balanced fertilizer was used at 
planting time. We consider it more 
profitable to use a good supply of nitro¬ 
gen containing several different forms 
and then trust to good culture and 
spraying. _ 
"For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those who till it.”— Adv. 
NEW-YORKER 
September 25 
K 
E> v'o 
__ 
_Y OU ma y learn a11 about the uses of cement 
Keep and concrete on the farm —and honv to use 
(Jp-to-Dateon^^K them yourself by reading this magazine 
Farm Building News^^ —“The Farm Cement News”— 
You know that concrete is rapidly 
replacing lumber on the farm, because it 
is more economical, being perma¬ 
nent and more safe, being tire- 
proof. This magazine will inform 
from time to time oi what 
And the magazine won't cost you a penny. S 
Just send us your name and full ad- > 
dress on coupon, postal or in J 
S C 6 
* 
letter and you will be 
put on our free list. 
FM/ 
ttf 
Iwl 
others are doing,and what you 
can do. You will find it an edu¬ 
cation, a correspondence course in 
k concrete construction. It's free be¬ 
cause we want you to know hew to w , 
use Universal Portland Cement, ^ 
the highest grade poitland cement 
i made. .Suitable for all classes of work, /»€' 
easiest to work with, always uniform and + vT 
dependable. Get your name to us for * jfiP 
the magazine and be entertained and O 0 
Address 
UNIVERSAL PORTLAND 
CEMENT CO. 
Dept.2, Frick Bldg. 
■*v 
'-♦V.V 
Pittsburg, Pa. 
LILACS 
THE CHOICEST VARIETIES 
Including the famous HIGHLAND PARK COLLECTION 
Catalogue containing descriptions of 85 different kinds will be sent on request. 
This Catalogue also contains accurate and trustworthy description of the best 
Trees , Shrubs and Hardy Plants 
ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Box K, Rochester, N. Y. 
Seeds for Fall Planting. 
Catalogue free. HENRY A. 
Choice varieties seed wheat, rye, winter 
vetches and grass seeds: also spring' 
flowering bulbs for fall planting, 
DREKR, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
p Wood’s Descriptive Cf 
Fall Seed Catalog 
now ready, gives the fullest 
information about all 
Seeds for the 
Farm and Garden, 
Grasses and Clovers, 
Vetches, Alfalfa, 
Seed Wheat, Oats. 
Rye, Barley, etc. 
Also tells all about 
Vegetable & Flower Seeds 
that can be planted in the fall to 
advantage and profit, and about 
Hyacinths, Tulips and other 
Flowering Bulbs, Vegetable and 
Strawberry Plants, Poultry 
Supplies and Fertilizers. 
Every Farmer and Gardener Bhould 
have this catalog. It is invaluable in 
its helpfulness and suggestive ideas for 
a profitable and satisfactory Farm or 
Garden. Catalogue mailed free on 
request. Write for it. 
T. W. WOOD & SONS, 
) Seedsmen, • Richmond, Va. O 
FERTILIZER LIMEYS 
WALTON qiJAHKIES, Harrisburg, Fa. 
Farms on *«n» 
Yirgijiidn Ry* 
: g Soutfiside Virginia^ 
S Locate now on the new railroad. Runs 
rough the richest fanning and trucking 
country. 
Lands $10.00 to $25.00 per acre. 
W Rich (arms now at low prices. Produce 
two and three crops per year, abundant water, 
timber, excellent climate. Write for catalogue 
and information: B. E. RICE, Agent, 
Industrial Department, Virginian Railway Co., 
Dept. G, Norfolk, Virginia. 
—99 %o % Pure- 
American Ingot Iron Roofing 
Guaranteed For 30 Years 
Without Painting 
The Only Guaranteed Metal Roofing ever put on the 
market. Samples free. Write for a free book showing 
remarkable tests. A way out of your roof troubles. 
THE AMERICAN IRON ROOFING CO., Dept. 0, ELYRIA, 0H:0 
AIITnUnmi PC BOUGHT AND SOLD oh a Strirr:. !r 
HU I U III Uul LLO able aii'ibiisiiirhs-likc I.im - Writ, 
free sample copy of the “ 2<)tli Century Auto Review.” < 
tabling inside information to buyers and sellers. 20th Century 
Automobile Co., 1615 Broadway, Cor. 49tl» Si., New York. 
Jt will pay you to spray your 
Fruit Trees and Vines this' fall 
and winter for protection from 
scale and all insect pests and 
fungus diseases. F It K K In¬ 
struction Hook shows the famous Gnrlield, 
Empire King, Lender, \\ ut«on ami oti • r 
sprayers; also gives a lot of lor mu las and other valuable 
information. 
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., No. 2 11th Street, Elmira, N. Y. 
Mammoth White Winter Seed Rye, 
$1.25 per bush. Ira H. Hasbrouck, Box 9B7, Kingston, N. Y. 
150 FARMS 
For Sale in the fertile Dela¬ 
ware Valley; from 6 to 200 
acres; $25 per acre up. New catalogue and map. 
HORACE G. REEDER, Newtown, Pa. 
THE MICHIGAN-INDIANA 
LAND COMPANY 
Are offering for sale from 40 to 65 of the nicest 
improved farm lands in the best section of the 
southern part of Michigan, in the following 
counties: Allegan. Barry, Montmorency and 
Kalkaska. Also, from 40 to 50 farms in the 
very best section of Indiana, located in Noble, 
County. Whitley County and Elkhart County, 
l'lease write for description, maps, price and 
terms. Address 
MICH1GAN-INDIANA LAND COMPANY, LIGONIER, IND 
HOOD RIVER 
APPLE BOXES. 
If you have nice fruit ship it in the Oregon 
or llood River box. 
Send for catalogues. 
SOUTH SIDE MANUFACTURING CO. 
PETERSBURG, VA. 
DWARF APPLE TREES 
Our specialty for 
fall shipment. 
Bear two years after planting. Send tor spo ial 
prices also on BARTLETT PKAR, AIM’LL, 
V II 1C It It V, PLUM and BEACH TREES. 
Everybody write for free illustrated catalogue. 
Maloney Bros. Cl Wells, Box 16, Dansville, N.Y. 
(1NE Quart of Strawberries 
” Send for Catalogue and Pr 
to each 
Plant 1910 
_ _..ices. 
T. 0. KEVITT, Athenia, X. J. 
Strawberry Plants of tl,e Bost V rioties 
free. 
Descriptive Catalogue 
BASIL PERRY, Box 18, Cool Spring, Del. 
C hoice ci.ovkr and grass seeds sold 
direct to the farmer. We have reduced our 
choice Hungarian and Millet seeds to the present 
market value. Write for samples and prices at 
once. N. WERTHEIMER & SONS, Ligonier, iud. 
FULCASTER WHEAT 
No Better Cropping or Milling Variety. 
We offer only this one variety, grown on our own 
farms under careful supervision and especially 
prepared for seed. Write for sample and prices 
The National Farm School, Farm School,Dept.B, Bocks Co.,”3. 
■-CRIMSON CLOVER SEED. S n 
bushel. COW-HORN TURNIP 
SEED. 4Pc. pound 
FOR SALE 
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND; Milford, D elaware 
HARRISON’* NURSERIES, Berlin, Md. 
1100 aeres trees and plants. Catalog free. _ 
GOLD COIN SEED WHEAT, $Tj60 
per bush. IRA H. HASBROUCK, Bo x 9B7, Kinaston, N. Y 
nr HOII TDCCC- I,r y° u want thorn from 
rtAUli I If ttO the block budded tr" a 
bearing trees, better order now. List ana tull t ate , 
- £T & R0N< Box ,Seneca, N. Y ■ 
FRUIT 
that grow and bear fruit true 
to name, from grower to 
7c 
* i pj anter direct, freight paid, at i 
TOI7I7C wholesale prices. 1 McIntosh LoP l 
IKIjEiJ'A pple Tree postpaid for 10c. Lfll/U 
Send for FBEE catalogue.. 
Maloney Bros. 6 Wells, Box 16. Dansville, N. *• 
