1909. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
889 
Hope Farm Notes 
Those of us who went to New York 
on September 25 found that the city 
had burst into bloom over night. There 
were flags and banners everywhere. The 
two previous days had been cold and wet, 
but the sun had shown itself again and 
now, on the buildings, over the streets, 
along the river, and on the shipping were 
flags and bunting without number. New 
York had begun its great celebration of 
the exploration of the Hudson River and 
the successful use of steam in water 
navigation. The great river was alive 
with warships. There were 38 differ¬ 
ent nations represented, and probably 
no more powerful collection of fighting 
ships had ever been brought together. 
\ et when the great parade sailed up the 
river two small boats formed the heart 
of the procession. These were the “Half 
Moon” a miniature copy of old Henry 
Hudson’s ship; and the “Clermont,” a 
reproduction of Fulton’s steamship. The 
little Dutch cheesebox and the splashing 
paddle-wheeler represented the begin¬ 
ning of things. The thousands who 
watched that great parade saw passing 
before them the past of history. At 
sight of them the dullest mind flashed 
back to the past and then swept on to 
the future in a dream of what the com¬ 
ing years are to bring. Surely no man 
will say that after leaping from the 
noisy and swashing “Clermont” to one 
of the great fighting monsters that 
attended her what we call “progress” is 
to stand still. To my mind it is more 
likely to go on gathering force like a 
snowball so that 300 years hence people 
will look back upon our present time 
and its development much as we do 
upon that of Henry Hudson. It is well 
to celebrate these great historical events 
with all the patriotic feeling we can 
muster, because under all the decora¬ 
tions and the noise will be found a 
serious comparison of the past with the 
future. Every man, woman and child 
carries through everyday life a heritage 
from the past. Each one works out in 
his own way a new meaning of that 
heritage to pass along to the future. 
Robert Fulton did not invent the 
steam engine, nor was he the first to 
use steam power in a boat. The “Cler¬ 
mont” was the first really successful 
steamboat, and probably Robert Liv¬ 
ingston, tjie financial backer of the en¬ 
terprise, is as much entitled to honor 
as Fulton. But when that little boat 
went groaning and splashing “like a 
sawmill afloat” up to Albany no human 
mind of that time could grasp the great¬ 
meaning of it all. The invention of gun¬ 
powder meant the power to set an im¬ 
prisoned gas free at will. That meant 
freedom, because it gave “the man on 
foot” the power to blow down the walls 
which had made “the man on horse¬ 
back” a tyrant. The lords and nobles 
were blown out of their gloomy castles 
into something like competition. The 
invention of the steam engine gave men 
the power to harness a wasted force, 
and its development has been the devel¬ 
opment of society. For years this power 
was very much of a monopoly depend¬ 
ing upon large engines and easy access 
to fuel. Only 25 years ago I tried to 
find a steam engine of only two horse 
power, and was told that it could not be 
made for practical purposes. Then came 
the gasoline engine from half horse 
power up, and thousands of them are 
scattered among our farms. This ability 
to scatter power and give lonely farms 
the force required to turn machinery or 
even do field work is a natural outcome 
of the old steam engine, and will be 
far-reaching in its effects. So too will 
be the development of water powers. 
1 his is sure to come until every stream 
tumbling down our hills will be used to 
light and warm our houses, turn our 
machinery, and even extract nitrogen 
from the air. If those who steered the 
old “Clermont” up the Hudson could 
have looked far into the future they 
would have seen a strange picture. First 
the monopoly of steam—which meant 
great cities grouped around places 
where cheap fuel and easy shipment are 
possible. Then they would see in the 
yet future through gasoline, alcohol and 
water power these concentrated masses 
of force broken up and industry scat¬ 
tered to a thousand new places at pres¬ 
ent undeveloped. That is what those who 
follow us to celebrate in the next cen¬ 
tury will find—power and industry scat¬ 
tered over the land, and with it larger 
opportunity for the common man. 
As for old Henry Hudson, John 
yiske says “In all that he attempted he 
failed, and yet he achieved great results 
that were not contemplated in his 
scheme.” Hudson’s dream was a short¬ 
er path through the north seas to tfic 
Pacific Ocean. Pie never found it, for 
no one finds the impossible, yet as an 
incident of his voyage he brought the 
Dutch to Manhattan Island and opened 
a new world to civilization. It is the 
old story that never will die out. Any 
man who toils and strives for an ideal 
with worthy purpose and a faith that 
cannot be killed will leave the world 
better than he found it. The chances 
are that he will fail in reaching the 
ideal, yet the very faith which spurs 
him on will serve to glorify the 
commoner things of life which he may 
touch. Fiske also points out that Hud¬ 
son, though an Englishman, has figured 
in history and legend as a Dutchman. 
Both Hudson in the “Half Moon” 300 
years ago and the modern naval parade 
passed up the river within nine miles of 
Hope Farm. At that time a tribe of 
Indians were raising grapes on our hill¬ 
sides—exchanging the fruit for corn 
and skins which other Indians on the 
lower lands brought them. My spring 
even then bubbled out of the hillside, 
the brook sang down the hill, the clouds 
sailed along the valley drenching the 
hills With rain, and the sun dried 
them as it does now. The years have 
come and gone. The Indians sold their 
land. Six generations and more of 
Dutch farmers picked stones, cut wood, 
grew their rude crops and passed on. 
LTnder" rude conditions they kept their 
vigor and povver, but with “prosperity” 
and the ambition of civilization they 
lost the land, and here we are in their 
place—transplants from Cape Cod and 
Mississippi—with a heritage of blood 
from England, Ireland, France, Ger¬ 
many and Scandinavia all thrown into 
the great melting pot from which 
Americans are made. From our hill on 
a clear day we can see tall buildings in 
New York. There within reach of our 
eyes is land which would be called cheap 
at $500,000 per acre. Yet when I bought 
my farm it had gone begging for a year 
at $50 an acre. It is better land for 
food production than that on Manhattan 
Island, yet the vast throng of humans 
have herded at the mouth of the Pludson 
while we have had but a stray flock 
upon our hills. It is this herding of 
humans together that has piled up val¬ 
ues in our great towns and cities, and 
resulted in an uneven distribution of 
wealth. As I view it the great problem 
of the future is to separate these great 
masses of population and scatter them 
over the country. I am very glad that 
there are 12 people at Hope Farm—out 
among the hills instead of in town. 
When the French came to Canada they 
found it hard to keep people in the coun¬ 
try. The Intendant Bigot actually issued 
the following ordinance: 
“We prohibit and forbid you to re¬ 
move to Quebec under any pretext zvhat- 
cver, zvitliout our permission in zvriting 
on pain of being expelled and sent back 
to your farms, your furniture and 
goods confiscated, and a fine of 50 
livres laid on you for the benefit of the 
hospitals.” 
Bigot claimed that his object was to 
protect the morals of farmers. While 
the government of Canada was despotic 
in the extreme, no human being could 
prevent people out of jail from living 
where their desires led them provided 
they could raise the price of removal. 
We must appeal to a higher law to pop¬ 
ulate the country districts. Those of us 
who live on farms have it in our power 
to make our life and our homes so at¬ 
tractive that we can draw people to the 
country. We must attract people, not 
wait for others to drive them to us. 
Thas is the future problem for country 
people. 
Winter Oats. —Here is a question 
that interests a good many. 
I would like some of your Rock¬ 
land County, X. Y., readers to give us 
their opinion on seeding Winter oats in 
the Fall and if advisable what other crops 
could he seeded with it. We have seeded 
our oats in Spring the past three seasons 
and although sown early in April the 
straw is very short, about 20 inches and 
light grain. In Spring we are delayed in 
plowing an account of wet. cold weather 
which is followed by a very dry spell 
in May and June and the Spring-sown oats' 
always suffer. What variety would you 
recommend? it. a. m. 
We shall be glad to have such opin¬ 
ions. Hope Farm is a few miles south 
of Rockland County and we have tried 
Winter oats several times. They always 
made a good Fall growth and always 
winter-killed. There may have been a 
few plants left on an acre in April, but 
the crop may be safely put down as a 
failure in our latitude. In Virginia or 
farther south. Winter oats seeded in 
October or later get a good Fall start 
and will survive the mild Winter, but it 
is not the nature of the oat to stand 
our ice, frost and snow. The Winter 
oat makes a good cover crop for an or¬ 
chard, for it grows well during the 
Fall and dies out so as. to make easy 
plowing or cultivating in the Spring. 
Our friend states the conditions which 
make oat growing often close to a fail¬ 
ure in our section, but the southern 
Winter oats will not help him out. We 
have given up oat growing except with 
Canada peas as a soiling or hay crop. 
Eating the Culls. —As a boy I 
was brought up to eat the culls—that 
is the undersized fruit or vegetables, or 
the things that were not most salable. 
The finer things were left to be sold. 
I should have considered myself guilty 
of a sin against sound economy if I 
had put butter on gingerbread or 
doughnuts, or taken a large apple 
where there were smaller ones, or used 
real cream instead of partly skimmed 
milk. I find that my children are not 
extremely anxious to imitate such 
Spartan virtues. They want the best 
the farm will offer, and I find it hard 
to argue with them about it and still 
maintain that a farmer has just as much 
right to the fat of the land as any 
man in town. After all, why should a 
farmer live on specked apples and 
peaches, skim-milk and second-class 
strawberries, while the town folks get 
the best? I could hardly expect my 
boys to take up farming for a living 
if they felt that the culls are good 
enough for home use, while the best 
must go to others. I was brought up. 
on that theory, and on the whole it is 
a good thing that my family do nor 
believe in it. I do not favor waste or 
foolish display, but I' do believe that 
the best things our farms produce are 
none too good for our own homes. The 
argument I have heard is that if chil¬ 
dren are brought up to take the best 
they will find it hard to come down to 
poorer goods later on. Why not let 
them stay on the farm and have the 
best? My remarks on this head were 
started by a peach short-cake. The lit¬ 
tle girls are cooks, and they surprised 
Mother with the most wonderful short¬ 
cake that ever was baked. They asked 
me for peaches, and when I told them 
to take what they wanted they picked 
the finest in the orchard. I am glad 
they did. I will not say how many 
square inches that cake covered, but 
there wasn’t even a smear of juice left 
at the end of dinm -. h. w. c. 
Made-to-Order Clothes 
ft 
from SIO to $18 
From the Mill to YOU” 
Yon save from $4 to $7 when yon buy from 
ns. For the values we give at $10 to $18, cost 
—^ you $14 to $25 elsewhere. 
IKm That is because you buy direct 
from the mills, when you buy 
from us. You save the tremend¬ 
ous middleman’s profits. 
Yet you get tlio best of style, 
fit and tailoring. You get de¬ 
pendable linings and trim¬ 
mings. You get better fabrics 
than in other clothing at the 
same prices. For we put the 
retailors’ profits we save into 
better qualities. 
But more than that, we guar¬ 
antee that every garment we 
sell will give the utmost satis¬ 
faction. We positively guaran¬ 
tee the style, fit and fabrics in 
every detail. So you are per¬ 
fectly protected. 
We prepay all express charges 
on orders east of the Alissis- 
sippi river, and make liberal 
allowance on all orders coming 
from the West. 
Write for our Style Book to¬ 
day. See the handsome styles 
we offer. Examine the samples of fabrics. 
Read our guarantee. It means better clothes 
at less cost for you. 
GLEN ROCK WOOLEN CO. 
203 Main St. Somerville, N. J. 
SAVE MONEY ON ROOFING 
iQO b .-. V ,L f ?. I! .c r0 .’i S <1- , f H of strictly high 
I iVU graderooiing, eitherrubber or A^coat's^ 
III * ace . with cement and nails complete. 
Most liberal offer ever made on first class 
roofing Better than goods that sell at much higher prices. 
Don t spend a dollar on roofing until you have seen 
UNITO ASPHALT ROOFING 
You send no money when you order Unito Roofing. 
Satisfaction Guaranteed. Write today for free samples for 
test and comparison and our unparalleled selling plan. 
UNITED FACTORIES CO. Dept. A31 .Cleveland, O. 
SY' — • 
WELL 
DRILLING 
MACHINES 
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or 
Shallow wells in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on 
wheels or on sills. With engines or horse powers. Strong; 
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them 
easily. Send for catalog. 
WILLIAMS BROS.. Ithaca. N. Y. 
6% BONDS 
Secured by Farm Liens 
$100 and Up 
In the irrigated districts, there are 
millions of acres of the finest farm 
land in America being brought into 
fertility. The crops raised on this 
land are marvelous. The first sea¬ 
son’s crop very often pays the whole 
cost of the land. 
To water this land, immense Irri¬ 
gation Companies are organized to 
build reservoirs, dams and ditches. 
Some are organized under the Fed¬ 
eral law known as the Carey Act. 
The farmers, to secure perpetual 
water rights, give to these companies 
a first lien on their farms, to be paid 
in ten annual installments. The lien 
rarely amounts to more than one- 
fourth the cash value of the land. 
The Irrigation Company deposits 
these liens with a Trust Company. 
Then bonds are issued with the farm 
liens as security. Back of each $100 
bond the Trust Company usually 
holds $150 of this farm lien security. 
In addition, the Irrigation Com¬ 
pany gives to the Trust Company as 
trustee a first mortgage on all the 
property it owns. This mortgage is 
held as extra security until the last 
bond is paid. So the best Irriga¬ 
tion bonds are doubly secured—first 
by the farm liens, second by the 
company’s mortgage. 
Ideal Security 
Sometimes these Irrigation bonds 
are issued by districts, the same as 
School bonds. Such bonds become a 
tax lien on all property in the dis¬ 
trict. The interest and principal are 
paid out of taxes. 
All these bonds, if rightly issued 
form ideal securities. The farm liens 
alone would place them among the 
very safest investments. But we 
have, in addition, mortgages given 
by immense corporations which must 
see that every obligation is met. It 
is hard to conceive of a better pro¬ 
tected investment. 
Six Per Cent 
Irrigation bonds are issued in de¬ 
nominations of $100, $500 and $1,000, 
so one may invest either little or 
much. 
Part of the bonds are paid off 
every year. You may buy a bond 
due in two years, if you wish, or in 
twelve years, or in any year be¬ 
tween. Every bond paid off, of 
course, increases the security back 
of the rest. 
( 2 ) 
The bonds pay six per cent inter¬ 
est. This is a higher rate than can 
now be obtained on any large class 
of equal securities. 
"We handle all good classes of 
bonds—Municipal, Corporation, Pub¬ 
lic Utility, etc. But Irrigation bonds 
have become the most popular bonds 
that we handle. Their ample se¬ 
curity and high interest rate have 
made them the favorites of the 
shrewdest investors. 
Ask for Our Book 
"We have had fifteen years of ex¬ 
perience in selling Reclamation 
bonds, based on farm liens. These 
include Drainage District and Irri¬ 
gation. During this time we have 
sold seventy such issues, without a 
dollar of loss to any investor. 
We are the largest dealers in this 
class of security. Our own engineers 
and attorneys pass on every project. 
Our officers personally inspect every 
enterprise on which we sell bonds. 
We have now written a book based 
on all this experience. It is the best 
book of the kind ever issued. It 
deals.with every phase of irrigation 
and irrigation bonds. Every man 
who has money to invest—whether 
little or much—should read this book 
before making investment. 
Cut out this coupon, send it at 
once, and the book will be mailed 
you free. 
First National Bank Building 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
Please send your free book on { 
5 Irrigation Bonds. 
* 
\ Name. 
• Address 
! 
! Name of my bank _ 
We sell the bonds, if you prefer, 
through your local bank. If so, 
please give us the name of your 
bank and we will send full informa¬ 
tion when we send it to you. 
