BliB 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 23. 
Ruralisms 
A GOOD SEEDLING GRAPE. 
I can say very little about this grape; 
it is simply a gift from nature. It 
sprung up in a new strawberry bed, 
where it escaped being pulled up as a 
weed at the first hoeing, then I took no¬ 
tice of it. It looked so thrifty and 
healthy that I let it grow, and worked 
it along with the strawberry plants. 
The next Spring I planted it in my 
little vineyard of Concords, Niagaras, 
Muscatels, etc., where it made as strong 
a‘ growth as the best Concord vine that 
year. The third year from seed I got 
the first fruit, a few large bunches of a 
very sweet, light red grape with small 
seeds and very thin skin. This year it 
bore a heavy crop for a four-year-old 
vine. The bunches were so solidly 
packed with berrites, so sweet and de¬ 
licious in flavor, that 1 had to show a 
sample of it. kmil gpafe. 
Staten Island. 
R. N.-Y.—This grape, seems to us to 
possess striking merit. It is handsome 
in appearance, large shapely bunches 
closely packed with good-sized light red 
berries. The skin is thin, the seeds 
small, and the pulp tender and juicy. 
The quality is delicious, recalling some 
of the choice European varieties, and if 
this grape continues to show its present 
qualities, we believe it will prove of 
exceptional value. Mr. Grafe will be 
remembered by our readers as the orig¬ 
inator of the Dixon strawberry. A sam¬ 
ple cluster is shown at Fig. 509, page 
923. 
BARREN DAMSON PLUM TREES. 
A. B. D., Plain City, O .—I have a lot 
of trees from Damson sprouts, nice trees, 
four and live years old, but do not bear. 
I have set such before and they were all 
right. I suppose they need others for 
fertilization. What would be the best kind 
to set with them? 
The Damson trees or sprouts may not 
be old enough to produce fruit yet, as 
they are only four and five years old. 
The Shropshire Damson, which is the 
Damson mostly planted now, is very 
slow to come into bearing, and I have 
never considered it a good or profitable 
cropper when 1 have had a chance to 
observe it in New Jersey. In Virginia 
years ago it was a very popular and 
profitable variety. A. B. *D. writes of 
planting sprouts. I presume he has the 
old blue Damson and has planted suck¬ 
ers. If such is the case they may have 
been planted the length of time lie says, 
and still be too small to fruit, as suck¬ 
ers are apt to grow slowly, and often 
never make good or fruitful trees. Not 
knowing all the conditions of growth 
and soil, whether they bloom and fail 
to set fruit and the many things that 
might interfere with the fruiting of 
these particular trees, it would be diffi¬ 
cult to advise in the matter. If the trees 
bloom, and do not set fruit, and there 
are no other plum trees near them, then 
it would be wise to plant some other 
variety near, like Lombard, Niagara or 
any of the European type as pollenizers. 
If the trees arc not making growth 
enough to make bearing size trees then 
give them a dressing of bone and potash, 
adding some tankage or nitrate of soda. 
If the trees are making too much wood 
growth, check them by withholding all 
stimulating fertilizers and stop cultiva¬ 
tion. Bone, potash and lime should be 
supplied in liberal quantities to the soil 
in which fruit trees are planted, and the 
want of these essential elements often 
is the only cause of trees refusing to 
bear fruit, while the tree itself may 
find enough food in the soil to produce 
an excessive growth of wood and foli¬ 
age. The question of trees refusing to 
bear comes up at almost every horticul¬ 
tural meeting, and all kinds of remedies 
are recommended. Checking the growth 
in June by girdling is the most popular 
remedy, and while this shock to the 
tree may cause it to bear fruit, it does 
not get at the cause, and cause there 
must be, when well-known fruitful vari¬ 
eties refuse to bear in certain locations. 
The two greatest causes to my mind, 
are, first, the need of fruit-producing 
elements in the soil and the need of 
pollen from some stronger pollen pro¬ 
ducing variety. When these two neces¬ 
sary needs are supplied, then the tree 
will bear fruit. 
Angers Quince. 
A. W. P., Irving, A. y.—Tho nurserymen 
refer to selling quince, Angers stocks, at 
so much per thousand. What are Angers 
stocks, and how produced? Are pear trees 
root-grafted on them to secure dwarf 
pears? If a tree’s lower branches are 
three feet from the ground at two years 
old, how high will they be at 10 years 
old? 
Ans.—T he Angers quince, named af¬ 
ter Angers, France, which place former¬ 
ly furnished the greater part of this 
stock that nurserymen used for dwarf¬ 
ing the pear, is grown from “layers” or 
cuttings, and can be procured from any 
nurseryman who grows dwarf pears. 
The Angers quince is imported chiefly 
from France; as are many of our fruit 
tree stocks, and is shipped during the 
Winter. The nurseryman receiving 
them, keeps them in a cool cellar until 
Spring, then they are planted out in 
nursery rows, and are budded during 
July or August. The quince is subject 
to leaf blight, especially so when planted 
in light or dry soils. It is always safest 
to bud in July unless experience has 
given definite knowledge of a different 
•season in any certain locality. The pear 
is not root-grafted on the quince, bud¬ 
ding being the better method. It would 
be a hard guess to answer the second 
question. Everything would depend 
upon what kind of a tree is meant, on 
what growth it would make and what 
culture it was given. 
Grafting Walnuts. 
8. W. M.. Smithsburg, Md. —I’lcnsc toll 
Hie proper time to graft English walnuts f 
seem to find anything on them. What can 
I do to save them? j. H. 
Shrewsbury, Mass. 
You cannot use the scallions for rare¬ 
ripes. Should there be any demand for 
them in your market they can at pres¬ 
ent be peeled and bunched and sold for 
green onions. Your cabbage has been 
attacked probably by the cabbage worm. 
If the cabbage has started to head you 
cannot use a spray. The best remedy 
is cayenne pepper. Blow this on with 
a dry powder gum in the morning be¬ 
fore the dew is off the plants. 
Fall-Seeded Spinach. — The seed 
should be sown along the last of August 
or the first of September. Preferably, 
some variety of the prickly seed should 
be used, as this is more hardy than the 
round seed. The crop is mulched over 
Winter with coarse horse manure. As 
a rule, in the North, the Fall sowing 
of spinach is not very successful, as 
it does not winter very well. 
Sterilizing Soil for Hot-beds— 
There are several methods of sterilizing 
the soil for use in hot-beds or green¬ 
houses. First, build a large box, say 
12 feet by four feet by three feet, 
with a false bottom. Turn the steam 
on and allow it to work its way through 
the soil. This method is very thorough, 
but takes considerable time. A second 
method is to lay a perforated pipe the 
length of the bed and throw the dirt 
over the pipe; then turn the steam into 
this pipe. This allows the steam to 
work both up and down in the soil. 
Another method, and one that is quite 
extensively used, is to have a two-inch 
leader pipe and have smaller pipes 
branching off the leader like the teeth 
of a rake. This lets the steam work all 
through the soil. Sterilization kills all 
the germs of disease and insect life. 
At present it is considered by some bet¬ 
ter to use fresh soil every year, and 
use the old soil as a fertilizer on other 
crops. If manure is to be used it 
should be mixed with the soil before 
it is sterilized. The sterilized soil is 
handled the same as other soils. I 
have never seen any difference in the 
growth of plants where fertilizer was 
used in the sterilized soil and where 
it was not. m. t. d. 
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TO KILL 
San Jose Scale 
USE 
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FLOWERS of SULPHUR 
The best form of sulphur for Lime Sulphur Wash. 
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to 
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Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money. Spraying 
Compound re-ady to mix with water. One gallon of Spraying 
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Tcwiuk :—In bhl. lota (50 gal.) 20c. per gal. 
We would refer yon to J. H. Hale, the Peach King, or Prof. 
Jarvis, of the Connecticut Agricultural College. They will tell 
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THE J. T. ROBERTSON CO., BOX R, MANCHESTER. CONN. 
on Black walnuts. When should one cut 
the scions? What is the proper time to 
put them in and how proced to do it? 
Ans. —The grafting of all kinds of 
walnut is a very uncertain and unsat¬ 
isfactory process, and it would not be 
possible to give any written instructions 
to an inexperienced person, so that he 
might have one chance in a thousand of 
(succeeding. The English or Persian 
walnut is grown almost exclusively 
from seed, and except in California, I 
have never heard of it being propagated 
by any other means. I am certain that 
it cannot be successfully grafted on the 
common Black walnut. 
The Black Diamond Raspberry. 
C. P., Jefferson City, Mo .—What do you 
know of the Black Diamond raspberry, 
grown in Atlantic Counly, N. J.? Is it 
a new introduction? Is it profitable to 
grow? I saw it growing in Atlantic 
County (Germania) about three weeks ago 
(September 14) while it was yet full of 
fruit, but the growers could not give me 
satisfaction to my queries. I would like 
to try it, if worth anything, out here. 
Onv r^naronfpp is just as big and broad as YOU 
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Ans. —The Black Diamond raspberry 
originally came from Western New 
York, and has been grown extensively 
in Wayne County for many years. I 
believe that C. W. Stewart & Co. of 
Wayne Co., N. Y., once used the Ohio 
blackcap almost exclusively for evapo¬ 
rating, until the introduction of the 
Diamond, which I understand has about 
superseded the Ohio. The Diamond is 
a strong healthy grower and very pro¬ 
ductive of large perfectly black berries 
about the size of Gregg, ripening a few 
days in advance of that old and well- 
known variety. As I have seen the Dia¬ 
mond in New Jersey, I consider it one 
of the very best black varieties, and will 
succeed wherever other blackcaps do 
well. e. s. BLACK. 
GARDEN NOTES. 
Scallions. —What can I do with a lot 
of scallions? Can I set them in a bed this 
Fall for Spring rareripes? I have also a 
lot of cabbages, and they were growing 
well till the last few days. Something is 
eating them full of holes, and I cannot 
. 
Lodged wheat 
is dead loss, because you 
can’t harvest it—you can’t thresh 
it—you can’t sell it. 
If your wheat is lodged resolve that next 
year you will get straw strong enough to bear 
the heaviest wheat your land can produce. 
That means Potash. It fills out the grain and makes 
a sturdy, elastic stalk for the grain to ripen on—keeps it 
standing for the harvester. 
Potash Pays 
Unless your wheat fertilizer is 2-8-6, it’s too low in Potash. Two 
pounds of Muriate of Potash to each 100 pounds of fertilizer increases 
the Potash total one per cent. 
Send for new Farmers’ Note Book— about soil, crops, 
manures and fertilizers— a practical book compiled by experts. 
Mailed on request, free. 
German Kali Works, 93 Nassau St„ New York 
Chicago—Monadnock Block 
Atlanta, Ga.—1224 Candler Bldg. 
_ . • 
