Q.M ) 
THE R UKAL NEW-YOKKKR 
October 30. 
The Rural New-Yorker 
THE JWEINKKH FARMERS PAVER. 
A National Weekly Journal tor Country and Suburban Home*. 
E*Ulbli»luul lMiO. 
PublUb'-ri awtlr by tli. lUiraJ l'«li>iilil»t CaBipunr, Utt IVarl Htro-t, K*w Vnrk. 
li KitiiKUT VV. CoiJ.iNdWoon, Proknlnot nn<l ICditor, 
John J. DiIjLON, ’J'roMiarar aad General Manager. 
VV m If Dium) stary. 
]*K WAi/rr.K Van Filin' and Mrs. K. T. Uovijc. Aww tv.iatn Kdltorn. 
SUBSCRIPTIONS ONE DOLLAR A YEAR. 
To foreign conutrios in tlio UjjJvoimuJ Powtai Union, $2.04, equal to 
«r. (Id , or HH/. mark*. or Id 1 -/ frniirn. Kemit In money order, 
express order, personal chock or ban it drill t. 
Entered at New York Post Office a« Second Claee Mnt.ter. 
Advertising rates SO cents per agate line—7 words. Discount for time 
order* Koferonoe* required for advertisem unknown to 
ns; and cash uiu*t accompany transient orders. 
"A 8QUAKK DEAL.” 
We believe that every advertisement in Oil* paper Ih banked by a 
responsible person. lint to nmkedotibly sure we will make good any 
It,f<a to paid subscribers austinned iiy trusting any deliberate swindler 
ad vo rti sin gin onrnolumnft, and any such swindler will be, publicly «x- 
poheiL We protect sutfcribor* again*!, noguo*. but wodo nolguuranten 
to adjust trifling difToroncos between sulmcri!»er* and bonesl. resjanr 
i.ible advertisers. Neither will wo bn responsible for the debts of 
bone Hi bankrupts sanctioned iiy the court*. Notice ot tiiu complaint 
lunst lie sent to os within one month of the time of the tram,action, 
and yon must have mentioned Thk Kuiiaj, Nkw-Yokkjui when 
writing the mlvertlMir. 
TEN WEEKS FOR 10 CEN IS. 
In order to introduce The R, N.-Y. to progressive, 
intelligent fanners who do not now take i!, we send it 
10 weeks for 10 cents for strictly introductory pur¬ 
poses. We depend ou our old friends to make this 
known to neighbors and friends. 
* 
Not long ago wc received a characteristic letter 
from a Californian. We remarked that he seemed to 
think the sun rises and sets in California. Now he 
conies hack. 
You lire Jn«t dead right. The sun <loen “rise and net 
In California.” For 53 years I have seen it eorne up out of 
(he Sierra Nevada Mountains and set about six miles 
from the beaeb. out lu the Pact 11c Ocean!! But I have 
seen two plfliita raised from need brought from I be Fast. 
One was the deadly nightshade and the oilier the “Won- 
derberryThey were both called “Wonderberry.” 
* 
This is the unhappy season for the know-it-all 
farmer. Last Spring he was going to show “those 
old fellows” how to raise crops. 1 rue, they had been 
at it for years, while he was just beginning, but the 
books he had read made it sure that their methods 
were far in the rear. He would “show them how ” 
Now he comes back to explain that drought or 
blight or insects upset his plans. Somehow the “old 
fellows” beat him after all. It is a good lesson, and 
if our friend “know-it-all” will only hold Lis ini 
proved methods in the fire of practice until they are 
well tempered he will “show 111001 ” yet. But do not 
talk until the show is ready. 
* 
A FRUIT grower writes that lie docs not consider 
Mr. 11 itrhings’s orchard figures remarkable. lie 
names other orchardists who turn off more money. 
No doubt; but our friend does not quite get the point 
we are after. Success with an orchard does not depend 
entirely upon the amount of money taken from it. 
A man with large capital and good credit ought to 
make an orchard pay, but he is no more “successful” 
than the man who, with nothing hut a farm and 
without large capital, develops a good orchard and 
makes his farm pay a profit while doing so. I hat 
is what Mr. Hitchings lias done. Wc are trying to 
find if his plan can he generally recommended, and 
if not why 110 L 
OUT of 40 States in the Union, 31 have, through 
their legislatures, demanded election of U. S. Sen¬ 
ators by direct vote of the people. It is not generally 
known that the necessary two-thirds of the States 
have made this demand. The Constitution provides: 
The Congress, whenever two-third* of both House* 
hIihII deem li necessary. shall propose amendment* to Hit* 
Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislature* 
0 f two lbird* of the several Klate*. tihall rail a conven¬ 
tion for proposing amendment.*, which, in either caoe. 
shiili he valid lo all Intent* and purpose* an part of 
Hits Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of 
three foilrlI ih of Hie Hovcrnl HtnteH, or by conventions In 
three-fourths thereof, iih the one or the other mode of 
ratification may be proposed by the Cbrngnus. 
The U. S. Senate as at present made up will, no 
doubt, fight the proposed change as long as possible, 
but it will be sure to come, in time. 
* 
Those Western apple growers who receive small 
fortunes for their fruit deserve to succeed. They 
work hard and think hard, and wring success by 
mastering the impossible. Where there is no water 
they tap a stream and irrigate. Some of the best 
fruit locations arc in cold pockets where a late frost 
means ruin. In these cold situations apple growers 
are now preparing to fight frost the same as they 
Would prepare to light insects or disease. 1 hey 
prepare thousands of little pots filled with coal or oil 
and stand ready to “heat all outdoors” at a word of 
warning. Here at the East we do not realize how 
those Western men are working out their hard prob¬ 
lems. At a meeting of the Colorado Horticultural 
Society this orchard heating was discussed. Thos. 
Chapman said it is now simply a question of what to 
burn and how to burn it. 
The writer 1* of Hie opinion Unit It wilt finally resolve 
11 self lo Nome form of oil eomldijed In a wimple form, 
wny dry batteries for electricity and thermostatic appli¬ 
ance*. fl may seem vltdonnry, but at no dint ant day 
the fruit grower will be able to retire, knowing that 
through mechanical mean* he wilt he called, nnd Iiy eon- 
Klnnt ringing of hell* told it 1* commencing to get to Un¬ 
freezing point, when be can look from hi* door and see 
hi* orchard aglow with bent lo a retiHonablC extent from 
one end lo the other. Mechanical contrivances will pro¬ 
tect 111 * fuel from the element* until needed. 
If you call this a dream remember what they would 
liave called a man who 30 years ago described one 
of our present power spraying outfits. 
* 
A numisek of readers have asked if the Borden 
Condensed Milk Co. will buy milk from cows fed on 
silage. In years past the Bordens have refused such 
milk on the ground that il is inferior for condensing. 
Farmers now have an idea that the rule has been 
changed. The Borden people inform us that their 
contract remains the same as heretofore, prohibiting 
the use of silage. They art;, however, discriminating 
this season. In approved cases where the silage is 
well made and not too acid, and where clean methods 
are used the milk will be accepted. Wc understand 
that this milk will not be used for condensing, but 
for shipping as whole milk or cream. I bus the silo 
and the silage will he examined, and if the feed 
conics up to a required standard the milk made from 
feeding it will pass. The contract will still permit 
the Bordens to reject any or all samples of silage 
milk if they -see fit. 
* 
From many of the States reports show a great 
increase in students at the agricultural college. At 
Cornell there have been so many applications that 
larger buildings are already discussed. In 1 exas 
there are 135 tents on the college campus—the build 
ings being filled to overflowing. If has been said 
that Texas has neglected the agricultural college in 
not providing proper buildings. The Galveston News 
puts it this way: 
No on* ran bo Insenulble to what I* testified by the 
fuel that more than 200 young men will eamp mil next 
Winter, linking and exporting no nwMurnneo of soft weather. 
Il evidon ooh a keen craving for education and a heroic 
determination to gel It. We ahoutd sav you could Jlfl 
(he flap of any one of those tent* and discover the email - 
tles that compel success. 
It is certainly far better to have it that way than 
to erect beautiful buildings and then have them stand 
empty- waiting for farm students. 
* 
My object In writing 1* lo way how much we appreciate 
the political (not partisan) features of Thk II. N.-Y. 
A* an expouent of democracy Tub it. N.-^. has no superior 
Unit I kno.v of. When you “knock" on the fakers 
scientific and commercial the professional politicians, and 
1 lie political corporations, your blows arc sill delivered 
in a good cause. The best line of defense against the 
politicians and the predatory corporations is the political 
invention especially championed by Tjie K. N.-Y., viz.. 
1 b«- primary election Jasv. Let the good work go out 
Kansas. Kb WIN TAYLOR. 
The committee of the New York Legislature sent 
West t< 1 investigate primary elections went to Kansas. 
The great majority of Kansas people believe just as 
Mr, Taylor does. Let us see what this committee will 
report. We arc glad that the time has conic when a 
farm paper can discuss public questions as they affect 
farmers, without entering partisan (wditics. That is 
one of the best indications of real progress. It shows 
that farmers are beginning lo separate their true 
rights as men and citizens from the clutch of the poli¬ 
ticians. That idea carried out to the end, is all there 
is to it. 
* 
There is to be a revival of interest in swamp muck. 
Some years ago certain writers thought the problem 
o ( ,/iant food was to he solved by hauling mink from 
the low places to the upland fields. I he theory was 
that for many centuries the fertility of the hills had 
been draining into the swamps and held there safely. 
'I here fore all we had to do was to haul the muck 
out and thus carry the plant food hack. I his theory 
fail' ll in practice because the claims made for the 
muck were too large. It contained a fair amount of 
nitrogen, hut it was sour and inert and, as taken 
from the swamp, had little agricultural value. Wc 
also know now that the muck contained only a pinch 
of phosphoric acid and even less potash. So muck 
manuring was not much of a success. Now with a 
better knowledge of what muck is the prospect is 
better. Farming in the F.ast has come to lie a close 
limit for nitrogen. There is an abundance of nitrogen 
in our swamps. The problem is to get it out economi¬ 
cally and make it available at fair expense. J he R. 
N.-Y. has prepared for this muck campaign by ob¬ 
taining the. best information that we can find. 
At the recent meeting of Jewish farmers, the writer 
helped judge certain vegetables and grains. After 
the prizes were awarded the judge was asked to go 
before the meeting and explain why one specimen 
was better than another 1 As between two plates of 
potatoes or two ears of corn, what is the difference 
between No. J and No. 2? This idea of asking a 
judge to give his reasons for the judgment that 
has come out of him is a good one, and ought to l>e 
encouraged and extended. At fair or meetings wiierc 
prizes are offered let the judges stand up and explain 
their decisions. Properly handled this might be made 
one of the most instructive things connected with a 
meeting. Take for example the poultry exhibitions at 
the fairs. In New York State alone about $50,000 
of the appropriation for agricultural fairs is given 
for poultry prizes. As at present managed, the “edu¬ 
cational” feature of these exhibits is small. A com¬ 
paratively few breeders go from place to place and 
capture most of the prize money. This amounts lo 
several times the entire cost of tlvc poultry department 
of Cornell. As an “educational” feature il is not 
worth the (trice—as at present managed. 1 f the 
judges, after awarding their prizes, were obliged to 
come out with the birds and explain to the public 
why one was superior to another, the exhibitions 
would he far more useful. Here is a way to make 
our exhibitions more useful. 
* 
Political opportunity has come to the voters of 
Chenango County, N. Y. They have a chance to go 
on record in favor of direct primary nominations 
on an issue so clear and straight that it cannot be 
mistaken. Nelson P. Bonney, a well-known citizen 
of Norwich, has been nominated for the Ixgis'ature 
by a combination of parties, and by men who have 
fought for years against the forces of “graft” and 
nasty politics led by State Senator J. P. Adds. In 
reply to our questions Mr. Bonney has written us 
the following letter, which is platform enough: 
I believe strongly In n direel primary KyHtem along 
(he linen proponed by Governor Hughe*. The parly voter* 
should make their own nomination*, and they ran be 
trusted to do It. At present, in Chenango Conn I y, the 
1 own eaiieu* elect* three delegate* to the eounty conven¬ 
tion. some 1 line* 1n*truel* these delegate*. The delegate* 
go to the county convention nod thrnnt a paper ballot 
into a lint. No one known how the delegate vote*; ring 
rule In the Itepuhllcan parly Ih absolute, and every nj- 
Hourcc of Stale and Federal pntronage 1* u*ed to defeat 
any change J 11 the *y*teui. I**t. the people make the 
nominal Ion*. 
Very truly youra, 
NBLBON P. BOHNKY. 
“Let the people make the nominations!” Mr. Bou¬ 
ncy has said it all in six words. There you have 
the entire scheme of reform. Let any farmer think 
for a moment what it would mean if the politicians 
could he ml out and the Legislature at Albany made 
up of men who really represent the people. It is only 
through direct nominations that any such thing is 
possible. The R. N. Y. needs no excuse for taking 
a hand in this campaign. For years we have advo¬ 
cated direct nominations. Our policy is to come out 
boldly and openly whenever a blow will strike an 
evil. The people of Chenango County, cannot possi¬ 
bly have a better chance to put themselves on record 
for progress and good government. It is an “off 
year” in politics. There is nothing to lose and much 
to gain by voting for Mr. Bonney. Thk IL N.-Y. 
hopes that all its friends in Chenango County will 
forget partisan politics this year and send Mr. Bonney 
to Albany. _ 
BREVITIES. 
Sritoxa friendships are lmpo**lhle without strong ene- 
mlc*. for friendship menu* 11 Ktrong defender. 
Last week we pictured an unto truck for hauling fruit. 
We now learn of n peach wagon used In Wllhrnhsm. Mas*., 
which Iuik a capacity of 33(1 peach baskets! 
A jiAii.KoAo llrrmnn gives IiIh aide ot' the railroad fire 
rase Hit* week. Of course, we will give all sides. We have 
asked thl* fireman If he ever saw large-sized live coal* 
coming from the engine. 
Thk Lubbock Uommcrelnl Club will offer $1 1.000 a* 
prize* fhr the he*t farming In t.nhhoelc County, Tcxn*. Find 
prize, $2,000! “Good farming, like virtue, 1* it* own 
reward." 
“At ln*1 Florida ha* a Citrus Fruit Association. No 
more green fruit, tail thoroughly ripe orange*; better 
packing, better handling, *o that you will enjoy them bet 
ter than wc enjoy or did enjoy those ’New York Bald 
win*.’ " a. c. C. 
In n pamphlet from the U. K. Geological Survey we 
found the following: “The Industrie* of making oleo 
margarine, fertilizer and glue are closely allied, the raw 
materials being the waste* from HlaiigliterhouHoH and 
market*. The processes, however, vary greatly in differ 
ent plant*.” 
Jn the cotton holt a tierce warfare I* being waged 
again*! the boll weevil. One of the measures urged against 
Il is burning the coil on sialic* after picking. An AMMO 
elution of farmer* in MI**tH*lppi met and urged the mrr 
elmuls lo refuse credit to those who would not burn the 
Htalks! This will show the feeling developed over this 
insect. 
