866 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
November 6, 
STERILIZING HOT-BED OR GREEN¬ 
HOUSE SOIL. 
The ever-increasing insect pests and 
fungus diseases that most of our plants 
are heir to, have caused many growers 
to look about them for a remedy. In 
hotbeds and greenhouses, where the 
crops are practically the same all the 
time, the soil soon becomes so infested 
with insects and fungus disease, that 
one of two things must be resorted to; 
move the frames to a new location, and 
use all fresh new soil, or sterilize the 
soil that has already been in use. In 
many instances, sterilizing is not only 
the surest, but the cheapest method to 
pursue. I have a friend who has a very 
extensive greenhouse plant. In the be¬ 
ginning, for a number of years, he prac¬ 
ticed changing the soil every third or 
fourth year. This was found to be so 
very expensive, that sterilizing was 
adopted instead, with better results and 
less expense. T o do the work of ster¬ 
ilizing the onlv practical method that I 
know of is cooking the soil with live 
steam. To do this, we use an apparatus 
made of lJ4-inch piping, perforated 
every six or seven inches of its length, 
by drilling small holes all the way 
through the pipe. At each set of the 
drill, the pipe is turned one-quarter way 
round. My apparatus is made, by using 
five runs of this perforated pipe seven 
feet long, connected by thread and coup¬ 
ling at each end into two-inch headers, 
with a connection in the center of one 
end, to connect the steam pipe. The 
whole thing when completed looks about 
the same as the rough diagram below. 
Tlrs apparatus will take all the steam, 
that a good lively seven or eight horse- 
HIPING FOR STERILIZING SOIL. 
power steam boiler will furnish. \V!hen 
ready to begin sterilizing, build a box 
10 or 11 inches bigger all around, than 
the size of the apparatus, and 20 inches 
deep, fill half full of soil to be sterilized, 
place the apparatus in place equalizing 
distances on all sides; wrap each per¬ 
forated pipe with burlap sufficient to 
keep dirt from falling into the small 
holes, finish filling the box just a little 
more than level full. Cover tightly with 
old bags or two thicknesses of good 
heavy canvas and weight down with 
loose boards, close up all cracks and 
crevices to prevent heat and steam from 
escaping. Connect with boiler and turn 
on steam, the pressure of which should 
be from 70 to 100 pounds. It will re¬ 
quire two hours or more to cook this 
batch thoroughly through. Care should 
be taken to get it as near right as pos¬ 
sible; if too little heat is applied, some 
germs, insects, and weed seeds will still 
be alive. On the other hand, if a high 
degree of heat is reached and main¬ 
tained any length of time, the beneficial 
germs (which stand a higher degree of 
heat -for a short time)- will also be 
killed. I saw a very striking example 
of this a year ago, where one batch of 
soil in a greenhouse, had been cooked 
with too high a degree of heat, and 
that degree maintained too long. The 
first crop of lettuce planted in this soil 
would not grow, simply because, as sta¬ 
ted before, the beneficial germs were 
practically all killed. Now the question 
arises, what is the right temperature? 
Our scientific men tell us 210 degrees, 
I believe, however, that two or three 
degrees less will answer every purpose; 
we will then be on the safe side. 
Some may think, that soil so treated 
is not in a condition to grow good 
strong healthy plants without heavy ap¬ 
plications of fertilizer; but such is not 
the case. If the proper compost is used, 
when placed in the sterilizing box, it 
will produce just as vigorous and a 
more healthy plant than the same soil 
would, had it not been sterilized. There 
is one thing, I have noticed. This steri¬ 
lized soil seems to dry out more quick¬ 
ly than the same soil not sterilized; 
hence, it needs more frequent watering. 
There is one notable fact in using steri¬ 
lized soil for hotbeds, not a. weed ap¬ 
pears. This alone, in satisfaction and 
labor, will pay for half the trouble. 
On the other hand, we also know that 
any fungus diseases lurking in this 
soil are killed, and a healthy plant is the 
result, so far as contagion from the soil 
is concerned. c. c. hulsart. 
FALL WORK IN THE GARDEN. 
After crops are removed from the 
ground I clean up and get the ground 
ready for another year. I try to put a 
coat of manure over all of it if there 
is time and manure is available, but I 
always make it a rule to plow in the 
Fall, as I am satisfied that it destroys 
a great number of insects, especially 
cutworms. I had this illustrated quite 
forcibly this Summer. When we moved 
on this place, two years ago in August, 
one-half of it was in June grass sod and 
weeds, and the rest had growing on it 
the finest crop of pigeon grass I ever 
saw. All of it should have been and 
probably was, a regular nursery for cut¬ 
worms, but I plowed it in October, and 
the next year had no cutworms at all, 
while a neighbor who had corn stubble 
and potato ground plowed his in the 
Spring, and planted among other things 
three acres of tomatoes, but had them 
destroyed so badly that it was plowed 
up again. Last Fall a part of my garden 
was not in shape to plow, so was left 
till Spring, and I was bothered very 
much with cutworms. Then by plowing 
quite deeply and leaving the land quite 
rough the frosts of Winter mellow it 
down, and it is in fine shape to work 
in the Spring. 
This Winter I shall haul manure on 
this plowed ground except where I wish 
to put the first early crops, and disk it 
in in the Spring. If there is any that is 
too coarse I shall shake out and haul 
off the coarsest of it. By plowing part 
of the manure in in the Fall and putting 
the rest on in the Winter when the 
snows and rains will dissolve and wash 
in a part of it, and by disking it in in 
the Spring, I hope to have the manure 
•thoroughly mixed with the soil, which 
I think is a great deal better than 
spreading it all on in the Spring and 
plowing it under. 
I have a nice patch of Welsh and Sil- 
verskin onions, which were sowed the 
first part of August which I shall cover 
or partly cover with well-rotted manure, 
put-ting on at least two inches, and then 
cover well with a good coat of wild 
hay. Then there is the soil to get ready 
for the Spring hotbeds. It can be done 
very much better' now thaii in the 
Spring. The rotted rnanure in the old 
hotbeds is a good manure, and the 
spots in the garden where good crops 
grew will be good soil. Mix this about 
one-third manure and two-thirds soil, 
throw it in a flat pile that can be cov¬ 
ered over with some old pieces of board, 
and then about a foot of coarse horse 
manure. Then pile on wild hay or straw 
until it will not freeze, and it will be a 
great deal handier than to be scraping 
it up in any old place where it can be 
found in the Spring. Dig trenches for 
the hotbeds if you are going to make 
them below ground, and fit on the 
frames, then cover so all there is to do 
in the Spring is to drive alongside and 
put the manure in. I get my manure 
for hotbeds from a large livery stable, 
and it is almost always well heated 
through, just in right shape to put right 
in the beds. geo. tong. 
Minnesota. 
Steam Power 
For Farm Use 
Best because sure, cheap, safe, 
easily understood, works in all 
■weathers. No coaxing-or 
annoyance with a 
LEFFEL 
ENGINE 
It’s a willing servant. 
You are master. Always 
dependable. Styles and 
sizes for all uses. Book 
free. Send now. 
James Left el & Co. 
Box 233, Springfield, O. 
REPLACED 
A great many disk-filled and other 
common, complicated cream separ¬ 
ators are replaced every year 
by simple, sanitary Sharpies 
Dairy Tubulars. 
Women prefer Tubulars be¬ 
cause Tubulars are easiest to 
clean. Men prefer Tubulars 
because Tubulars wear a life¬ 
time, run easiest, 
skim cleanest, 
skim fastest. 
Tubulars probably 
replace more com¬ 
mon separators 
every year than 
any other maker 
sells. Tubulars 
are the only 
modern separa¬ 
tor—The World's Best 
World’s largest separa¬ 
tor factory. Oldest sep- 
arator manufacturing 
concern i n America. 
Branch factories in 
Canada and Germany. 
Sales easily exceed 
most, if not all, others 
combined. Dairy Tubular 
Write 
for 
Catalog 
No. 153 
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 
WEST CHESTER, PA. 
Chicago, HI.,San Francisco, CaL, Portland, Ore. 
Toronto, Can., W innipeg, Can. 
M- *«. 
/ V 
'l 
^YOUNG’S FEVER & 
COUGH REMEDY 
Indicated in cases affected with 
Cough, Cold, IMstemper, Influenza, 
Pink Eye, Strangles, Bronchitis, 
Asthma, Catarrhal Fever, Heaves, 
Thick Wind, Roaring, Wheeze, Gleet, Incipient 
Glanders, Inflammation or Disease of the Membranes 
and Respiratory Tract. 
This preparation is a blend of the most potent reme¬ 
dies discovered for the relief and cure of the above 
troubles, and is composed of the active medicinal prin¬ 
ciples of herbs grown in India and Russia, reinforced by 
the most successful herbs growing in the United Suites. 
Mild ami prompt in its action and leaves no hail after¬ 
effects. Will benefit the wind of race horses, stallions 
and brood mares. Should be given to horses that are 
being shipped, so as to fortify them against colds, fever, 
influenza and similar troubles. If your horse has thick 
wind, runs at the nose, cold in the eyes or head is in¬ 
clined to have the heaves, or has them good and hard, 
try tills remedy as directed on the bottle and you will 
not lie disappointed. Rook XO-D free. 1 'rice $1. i oz. 
bottle; $2, 12 oz. bottle delivered. 
W. F. YOUNG, P. D.F., 88 Temple SI., Springfield, Mass. 
Death to Heaves Guarantee 
Or Money Refunded. 
NEWTON’S 
Heave, Cough and 
r,<^, Distemper Cure. 
$1.00 per can at dealers, 
or express paid. 18 years’ 
sale. Send for booklet, 
Horse Troubles. , 
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO., Toledo. Ohio. 
MIX YOUR OWN 
-STOCK FOOD 
When you buy ready-mixed Stock Food you pay at 
the rate of $2A0 a ton for bran, meal and other ingre¬ 
dients. You can mix your own for $3.60 a hundred 
pounds Upon request 1 will send you FKEE a form¬ 
ula for mixing: the best STOCK Food known to the 
Veterinary Profession. Send postcard today for this 
FREE FORMULA. 
L S. H. KENT, D. V. S.. 104 Market St.. Cadiz. Ohio, j 
Death the Stomach 
Worms Guaranteed 
We will send you 100 lbs. of DR. 
HOLLAKIPH MEDICATED STOCK 
SALT on 60 days’ trial freight 
prepaid. If you derive no benefit, 
It coats you nothing; If you do, It 
costs you $f>.00. Give us your or¬ 
der at once. 
The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY 
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio. 
I Make 
Money 
with a 
“Farmers’ Favorite” 
Feed Cooker and Boiler 
by feeding cooked feed to your 
horses, cows, hogs and poultry. 
Economical, well made, inexpen¬ 
sive. Handy for boiling sap, 
heating water, rendering lard, 
canning fruit, etc. Needed in 
every feed room on every farm. 
Illustrated circular free.__ 
LEWIS MFG CO., Box C. Cortland, N. Y. 
HARRIS 
STEEL CHAIN HANGING 
WOODL1NED 
STANCHIONS 
and SANITARY PIPE STALLS 
make the most sanitary, strongest 
and neatest appearing barn equip¬ 
ment. Send for descriptive circu¬ 
lars and get our prices before you 
equip your barn. 
The Harris Mfg. Co. 
Box 552, Salem Ohio 
CHAIN HANGING 
CATTLE STANCHION 
The Most Practical 
CATTLE FASTENER 
ever invented. 
Manufactured and for 
O. H. ROKEKTSON, 
Forestville, Conn. 
Mr. Hackett and his son were 
discussing their new barn. 
“Well, Dad, how about the 
roof?” 
“I guess shingles are good 
enough, aren’t they?” 
“Now hold on, Dad—‘good 
enough’ don’t go. You know 
that shingles don’t make a per¬ 
fect roof by a long shot—burn 
too easy and sure to leak.” 
“How about slate?” 
“No! Too expensive—winds’ 
too strong around here—and we 
couldn’t lay ’em ourselves.” 
“Well, why not try one of the 
best of those prepared roofings 
that come in rolls?” 
“Fine! I’ve seen it tested— 
one brand, Rex Flintkote Roof¬ 
ing, was the greatest stuff I ever 
saw—wouldn’t catch fire from 
live coals—waterproof, too.” 
“All right, Bob. Rex Flint¬ 
kote it is. I’ll write to J. A. & 
W. Bird & Co., 70 India Street, 
Boston, the makers, for facts and 
name of their nearest agent.” 
f -\ 
Perfect Tackle Blocks 
70c Up 
The Burr self*locking tackle block will 
positively not slip on wet, greasy or 
dry rope. Yet it has no teeth or claws 
to injure the rope as all others do. 
It has no springs of any kind to get 
out of order. It is as adjustable as a 
differential chain block. It will lock 
positively at any angle—even 
up side down. One man 
can do the work of four 
with this marvelous little farm 
Lasts a lifetime and pays 
for itself on one job. Prices 
only 70c to $4.25, according to 
capacity of 600 lbs. up to 5,000 lbs. 
\Write today for catalog and full in¬ 
formation about the one practical 
rope tackle block on the market. 
Burr Automatic 
Safety Tackle Block 
BURR MFG. CO. 
136 Viaduct Cleveland 
CUTAWAY TOOLS 
FOR LARGE CROPS 
Clark’s Reversible Bush and 
Bog Plow will subdue 
bogs or newly cleared 
forests or stump land. 
Cuts a track 5 ft. wide, 
9 in. deep. Has eight 
i24-in. cutlery steel 
disks. Turns the earth 
, . o. .wto or from stumps. 
iaaranteed to kill any bush or plant that grows, and leave 
he land true and clean for any crop. 
Send for our FREK Booklet which describes 120 sizes 
.nd styles of Cutaway tools. Write today. 
jatawa^larroi^^^^Mali^t^JUggamim^om^ 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties 
its kettlein one minute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food for stock. Also make Dairy and 
Laundry Stoves, Water and 
Steam Jacket Kettles. Hog 
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. t^Send 
for particulars and ask for circular J. 
D. B. SPERRY & CO., Batavia. IU. 
SAVE 20% BY GRINDING 
The STAR SIMPLE SWEEP 
MILL grinds ear corn or any 
small grain. You get more 
feeding value from ground 
feed and your horses do the 
grinding. Profit comes to 
Star owners from both ends. 
Free Booklet giving prices 
on Sweep and Belt Powers. 
The Stir Manufacturing Co. 
13 Depot Street 
New Lexington, Ohio 
KELLY: 
TDVPLEXMII |C 
GRINDING I IILLd 
Grind ear com, shelled 
com, oats, rye, wheat, bar¬ 
ley, Kaffir corn,cotton seed, 
com in shucks, sheaf oats, 
or any kind of grain: coarse, 
medium or fine. The only 
mill in the world made 
with a double set of grind- 
era or burrs. 
SIX SIZES 
Easily operated. Never 
choke. Fully guar¬ 
anteed. E.pecl.lly 
adapted lor ga.o* 
line engines. 
Write for catalog and 
any information desired. 
DUPLEX MILL S MFfi. C0.O 
Box 32 Springfield, 1“ " 
