1900. 
9S1 
CO-OPERATION IN DENMARK. 
The farmers of Denmark are prosperous, and they 
deserve to be, for they have made much of a hard 
situation. Denmark is not naturally a fertile coun¬ 
try. The climate is trying, and the soil is naturally 
poor. With each Danish farmer working for him¬ 
self, as we do in most parts of this country, the na¬ 
tion would be poor and backward. The Danes have 
worked out their success through co-operation in 
education and in business. The Government educates 
farmers along practical lines. A few years ago far- 
seeing men realized that Denmark had a great oppor¬ 
tunity as a dairy country. They also saw that suc¬ 
cess was only possible through co-operative work, 
which meant a thorough spread of knowledge and a 
uniform product. In no other way could Denmark 
export a standard, uniform butter, cheese or bacon. 
The plan of farm education was patiently analyzed 
and grouped around several tilings—selection and 
breeding of the best dairy cow for the climate and 
soil; growing the best and most economical home¬ 
grown food for that cow; making the best butter and 
the best bacon and selling it to the best advantage. 
Here iwas a national system of education worked out 
to develop a national industry. It was not for the 
individual, but for all farmers, and it developed a 
national spirit which has put dairying at the head of 
Danish industries. The education which the Govern¬ 
ment provides does not stop at telling farmers how 
to produce more butter, but it goes on to show them 
how to sell that butter and how to obtain their fair 
rights in the market. That accounts for the success 
of the Danes. They received a practical education, 
and took hold of it together in good faith. Why not 
operate in the same way in this country? For one 
reason, this Nation is too large. Denmark is a small 
country, only one-quarter the size of the State of 
Illinois. In this great land general co-operation is 
impossible yet, because in some respects the inter¬ 
ests of one section oppose those of another. Co-opera¬ 
tion in States or smaller sections after the Danish 
plan is not only practical, but the only business hope. 
For example, in New England, the time is ripe for 
such a development in apple growing as never was 
known before. Let the strength of the colleges and 
stations in that section be spent upon a clear analysis 
of the apple business. Learn all that human ingenuity 
can find out about varieties, culture, feeding and 
above all selling. New York is a great dairy State, 
the Delaware peninsula a great truck and fruit gar¬ 
den-other States have their specialties. Let farm 
education or research be, if need, narrowed down to 
the special needs of these sections in the things in 
which there is most promise. Above all things, the 
lesson from Denmark is that farm education should 
give more attention to the business side of farming, 
and tell how to dispose of produce after it is grown. 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK. 
DOMESTIC.—Judge Ilolt of the United States Circuit 
Court* decided October 2(5 that the United States Govern- 
men had been too slow in getting after at least two of 
the eight men who were indicted last July together with 
the American Sugar Refining Company on a charge of 
violating the criminal clause of the Sherman anti-trust 
law by engaging in a conspiracy to restrain trade and 
commerce. The decision handed down by Judge Ilolt 
was to the effect that in the case of Gustav E. Ivissel and 
Thomas B Ilarned the statute of limitations acted as a bar 
to the prosecution. The indictment charged that these 
men, with John E. Parsons and five other sugar trust 
directors, were in a conspiracy to prevent the Pennsylvania 
Sugar Refining Company from doing business. It was set 
forth that Kissel, acting secretly as the agent of the trust, 
arranged for a loan of $1,250,000 to Adolph Segal ot 
Philadelphia. As collateral for this loan 2(5,000 shares, 
a majority of the stock of the Pennsylvania company, were 
nut up. UsinK this stock control, it wus charged finther, 
the sugar trust people were able to have a new board of 
directors of the Pennsylvania company selected, and this 
new board met and voted to close the Pennsylvania com¬ 
pany, which since has been closed. . . . Arthur 1. 
lleinzo brother of Fritz Augustus, was sentenced October 
2<5 by Judge Ray in the United States Circuit Court at 
New' York to pay a fine of $250 and to serve ten days 
in prison. Heinzo was convicted last June on the charge 
of obstructing the administration of justice by aiding the 
flight to Canada of Tracy Buckingham, a clerk in the offices 
of the United Copper Company. Buckingham was under 
the subpoena of the Federal Courts at the time to testify 
before tile Federal Grand Jury concerning the removal and 
mutilation of ttie copper company’s books which were 
wanted by the District Attorney for use in the investiga¬ 
tion pending before the Grand Jury into the copper trans¬ 
actions of F. Augustus Heinze. . . . Thirty-four lives 
were lost through the wrecking of the Donaldson Une 
steamship Hestia on a shoal near Old Proprietor Ledge, 
Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick. October 2G. Only 
six lives were saved out of the ship’s complement of 40 
men The survivors were taken from the stranded vessel 
by a crow of life savers who put out from the Seal Cove 
station on Grand Manan and fought their way through 
heavy seas and around ledges until at last they got a Ion g- 
s j,lo . . ’Pile Supreme Court of Illinois held October 
2(5 that tlie city of Chicago was responsible for cars 
burned in the railroad riots there in 1894 whether or not 
they were owned by the company whose tracks they oc¬ 
cupied wher destroyed. The decision was in favor of the 
Pittsburg. Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway. 
Twelve men were killed and two others fatally injured by 
an explosion of dynamite in Franklin No. 2 slope of the 
Cambria Steel Company, at Johnstown, 1‘a.. October ‘51. 
Mine officials believe that a large quantity of dynamite 
used in mine excavations exploded. All the men were 
mutilated and burned so badly that their identification can 
ho established only by the recovery of the time checks and 
payrolls of the company. 
November 2 the reform element 
Albany. Cincinnati, San Francisco 
Indianapolis the reform candidate 
nspeetion of the 
he city elections 
jeaten in Buffalo, 
Philadelphia. In - 
navor was elected. In New 
>nign, a Tammany mayor was 
ticket defeated, so the balance 
In 
was 
and 
for 
York, after a bitter cam- 
elected. hut the rest of his 
of power lies with his op- 
ononts . . . Tom L. Johnson, the Mayor of Cleve- 
ind whose three cent fare fight has made him famous, 
-as beaten by Hermann Bachr, Republican, by a majority 
f from 2,500 to 4.000. Johnson’s defeat is due to his 
arrying on the street car war long after the people had 
ecided that they wanted a settlement. Though he a few 
reeks ago agreed to a referendum election on the question, 
he people generally seem to have doubted his sincerity, 
lusiness men of Cleveland, almost to a man. were against 
im because he had not begun several improvements long 
ceded. . . . There were only three elections for Gover- 
or—in Rhode Island. Virginia and Massachusetts. The 
lepublicans carried Rhode Island and Massachusetts, and 
he Democrats as usual, won in Virginia. The only result 
f National significance is in Massachusetts, whore the 
’ayne-Aldrich Tariff Bill was a prominent issue. Ex- 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
State Senator Vahey, the Democratic candidate for Gover¬ 
nor, loses by about 10,000, after running heavily in Boston. 
Gov. Draper’s small plurality—it was 00,000 last time—- 
is taken as a strong indication of the attitude of Massachu¬ 
setts toward the Tariff bill in the Congressional election 
next year. Direct nominations also entered into the 
Massachusetts campaign, Vahey making his fight on that 
issue nearly as much as on tariff revision. National issues, 
however, may be regarded as the chief factor in this virtual 
victory for the Democratic platform. This was the only 
State in the Union where the tariff question was directly 
presented as an issue. In their effort to conciliate the 
tariff revision Republican voters, the Democrats went to 
the length of nominating two low-tariff Republicans on 
their ticket, one of whom, Eugene N. Eoss. the candidate 
for Lieutenant Governor, has been the most strenuous 
advocate of that reform in the Republican Party. Foss ran 
only slightly ahead of Vahey. 
NATIONAL REVENUES.—The Aldrich-Payne tariff act 
produced $23,376,000 more revenue during the months of 
July, August, September and part of October, than did 
the Dingloy law for the same period of last year. The 
increase of expenditures was so great, however, that the 
Treasury deficit at present is only $7,000,000 ]ess than 
it was at this time last year, or to be exact, it is still 
approximately $32,000,000. The increase in the revenues 
has been due almost entirely to customs. Since July. 1 
the receipts from customs have been $107,365,000. an in¬ 
crease of $23,376,000 over the customs receipts from the 
Iiingley act comparative period of last year. Treasury 
officers admit that the Treasury deficit is not being wiped 
out as rapidly as they desired. They are disappointed by 
the internal revenue receipts, and blame the increase of 
expenditures. __ 
NOTES ON THE POTATO CROP. 
In our opinion the potato crop in the United States this 
year will be considerably larger than last. This practically 
applies to every potato-producing section that we know of 
in the United States. We do not believe there will be 
any opportunity for imported potatoes this season. It 
looks now as though potatoes will be about the only import¬ 
ant table commodity, or rather necessity, that will be 
reasonable in price during the next eight months. 
Columbus, fWiio. joiin amicon bro. & co. 
It does not appear to us that prices will advance in 
the near future. The supplies seem to be heavy in New 
York State, Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin, and quotations 
are about the same from all sections, between 55 and (50 
cents delivered this city. We are of the opinion that a 
market of from 85 to 90 cents per bushel would attract 
the imports of foreign potatoes. This market does not 
take foreign potatoes however until all the nearby stock 
is exhausted. ciias. a. mueiilbronner. 
Pittsburg, Pa. 
We rather look for lower prices in the next two months, 
and probably higher prices after that on potatoes. We 
are paying the farmers here to-day 70 cents per hundred 
pounds, for Pearl potatoes. Our reports indicated a 
lighter crop than last year; however, potatoes are not 
moving as fast as usual, and if this condition keeps up we 
shall have a large crop in this district, as all farmers 
are holding for higher orlces. Regarding the price as to 
potatoes being imported from Europe, will state that this 
has nothing to do with our prices, as our natural markets 
are Kansas, Oklahoma and Northern Texas, and potatoes 
that are imported do not get into these markets. 
Greeley, Colo. R. b. kugh & co. 
From our reports and observations, we think the crop 
of potatoes is much heavier here this year than last. 
We think that every section in the country has larger 
supplies this year with the exception of Pennsylvania, 
which was no doubt hurt very badly by the extreme 
drought, but this is the only State we know of that 
has had a short supply; the other States all seem to 
have an extremely large supply. Just as soon as po¬ 
tatoes get scarce at around 80 cents a bushel they com¬ 
mence to import, as they can usually import and sell 
tlie imported stock at an average of 80 cents and make 
money. wm. weinert & co. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
We believe there is such a large crop of potatoes in 
Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, that there is no 
chance for any particular high price to rule all through 
the season. We look to see a fairly steady market right 
straight through, and any particular or sharp advance will 
be occasioned in our opinion only by scarcity of cars and 
inability to get out the stuff, by reason of cold weather or 
some similar reason. The crop of potatoes in our State 
is very large, and all have excellent quality. In order to 
attract imports of potatoes we should imagine that prices 
would have to rule at seaboard points in the neighborhood 
of $1.75 to $2 per barrel sacked. J. M. FAMechon & co. 
Minneapolis, Minn. 
We believe that in the near future there will be some¬ 
what of a decline in price. We base our opinion on the 
fact that farmers have been very busy gathering in their 
crops and have not devoted very much attention to their 
marketing of potatoes, leaving these until other more im¬ 
portant and necessary work shall have been accomplished. 
As near as we can learn there is a good crop of potatoes 
in Michigan, Wisconsin and New York : the quality is also 
better than last year and this will make the deal much 
more satisfactory all around. With the light duty of 25 
cents per bushel in effect on foreign potatoes we cannot 
see how they could possibly he contracted to our market 
for some time to come. What price will bring them out, 
of course, we do not know. We judge, however, that 
nothing short of 75 cents per bushel would pay. 
Cincinnati, Ohio. the weil brocicman co. 
ECHOES OF THE N. E. FRUIT SHOW. 
It Is almost impossible to estimate the success or 
failure of an undertaking so soon after its inception as 
Is tlie present stage of the movement for better fruit 
growing in the New England States. That we have had 
a wonderfully successful exhibition no one can question; 
that we have awakened a greater interest in fruit grow¬ 
ing and all questions relating thereto no one. who knows 
anything about it, can deny—but the future of this 
whole matter depends so directly upon the growers them¬ 
selves. that it is hard to say more than this: “When 
New England is once wakened up, she will not go to 
sleep again very soon.” One of the most important 
outcomes of the New England fruit show has been the 
closer relationshin established between the fruit-growing 
interests of tlie different States. Local conditions in the 
several States have been more fully studied, comparison 
in products made, and the fact that certain kinds of 
apples can he grown to bettor advantage in Maine than 
in Connecticut, in New Hampshire than in Massachusetts, 
entirely proved. Another good result of the past show 
was the bringing together of people with like interests 
and the forming of closer ties of sympathy and helpful¬ 
ness between them. A great lesson which the show 
has taught us is that while we can and do grow fruit 
which has no equal on this continent, we have very 
poor ideas and impractical methods of handling this fruit. 
Our barrel was much bettor than our box packing, hut 
neither was what even the most optimistic of us could 
call perfect. Wo sadly need practice or exports to do 
this work for us, before we can hope to compote with 
our western rivals. Yet, on the other hand, and for our 
encouragement, the common verdict of visitors to our 
exhibition was that our fruit compared favorably with 
that from the West. One point which must not be 
lost sight of and which had a direct bearing on the 
fruit show, was that we very unforl unatcly held our show 
too early for most of the States. This season is from 
two to three weeks later than the average, so the ex¬ 
hibition came just at the time when most of the farmers 
were picking their apples for market, so could afford 
neither the time nor expense to leave their work and 
take their fruit away for display. This was unfortu¬ 
nate. hut could not. have been foreseen. Had this been 
a normal season, the story would have been diff rent, 
with regard to the quantity and quality of fruit shown. 
The success of the New England fruit show rested 
largely upon the splendid work done by the several Slate 
vice-presidents, for without their aid it would have been 
impossible to collect the fruit exhibited, and kept alive an 
interest throughout the different States. iAit me here 
say that the future success of this organization depends 
largely upon the work and help that, these men and 
others like them will give to the cause. This kind of 
an undertaking must of necessity he kept alive by a 
great deal of individual effort:, and it is from this that 
the life of the organization must come. Great credit is 
due the Massachusetts Horticultural Soeiotv for its gen¬ 
erosity in loaning their building for the fruit show. 
The building was very well adapted to hold an exhibi¬ 
tion the size of the one this year, the different halls 
being located that the exhibits could be easily divided 
into three parts, as follows: Single plate exhibition of 
fruit in the lecture hall; State Grange and general col¬ 
lection of plate exhibits in tlie small hall ; the large 
showing of boxes and barrels, together with the trade 
exhibits, in the main hall. This arrangement was very 
satisfactory, and served to keep the different features 
of the show distinctive, but readily accessible. The ar¬ 
rangement of the single plate exhibition was strictly in ac¬ 
cordance with the schedule numbers of the New England 
fruit show’s premium list, so that the work of the 
judges was easier in this department than in others. 
As far as possible, the same arrangement was carried out 
with entries for both boxes and barrels, but here more 
difficulty was experienced, for it was possible for a barrel 
or box to be entered in three separate classes—in the 
general prize class, the particular class for its own 
State, and in the class for the sweepstakes prizes—so 
under these circumstances the work of the judges was 
hard, and of necessity slow. 
The committee of arrangements in considering a num¬ 
ber of ideas which would add to the attractiveness of 
the exhibition, finally decided to make a large apple as 
the central feature of decoration in the main hall. This 
apple was accordingly made, measuring seven feet through 
tlie - widest part, and was six feet high. The frame was 
of wire covered with heavy burlap, and this again cov¬ 
ered vvitli crab apples, eleven thousand, three hundred and 
sixty-four* being used in the work. The shading of a 
real red apple was followed as closely as possible, and 
a fine stem added to the top, so that at a short distance 
the appearance of an enormous apple was well carried 
out, for the shape for such a large thing was really 
very good. A guessing contest was carried on in con¬ 
nection with the big apple, 10 cents a guess being charged 
to guess the number of crab apples on the big apple— 
the person who came nearest (he number to receive the 
best barrel of apples in the show. The fortunate person 
guessed within 36 of the correct number. Some other 
features of the fruit show were exhibits of insects, fungus 
diseases, sprayed and unsprayed fruit (showing the ad¬ 
vantage and effect of spraying). An exhibit by the 
Massachusetts Agricultural College, showing the results 
of experiments carried on in fertilizing, was greatly ap¬ 
preciated by the visitors, and was in itself worth a long 
journey to see. _ w. w. 
[CONGRESS AND A PARCELS POST. 
On page 943 Mrs. Chase asks, "What can a woman 
do to help parcels post?” Now, there is just one and 
only one way to obtain it, and that is through Congress, 
and Mr. Cannon has stated in his usual emphatic lan¬ 
guage that such a bill shall not pass the House. Has 
Mrs. Chase ever interviewed her husband on the political 
side of the case? When he votes, does he do so' for a 
Congressman who is in favor of parcels post? Does the 
Congressman even know that his constituents want such 
a hill passed? Is the said Congressman a supporter of 
Cannon, and will he vote for him for Speaker? If so. 
her husband is certainly voting to kill the measure. If 
popular sentiment was in favor of parcels post it would 
go through Congress in a very few days, hut there must 
be some positive action on tlie part of voters, to demon¬ 
strate to members of Congress that parcels post is wanted, 
and if they want re-election they mast carry out their 
constituents’ wishes or stay at home. One letter from 
a voter to a Congressman is thrown in the waste basket, 
but a few thousand plainly written letters, and he will 
begin to take notice. With a basis of two voters to a 
family where The It. N.-Y. is taken, if each one would 
write his Congressman and demand (not ask for) prompt 
action, it would mean about 225,000 letters to be poured 
into Congress, and then you would see results very 
plainly. The one thing our Congressman wants is votes, 
and to understand he doesn’t own the county between 
elections. Instead of writing letters to your paper, write 
your Congressman, but bear in mind that the man who 
casts his vote for a member of Congress who is a Cannon 
supporter is voting against parcels post. f. c. c. 
Wheat is good; oats fair. Potatoes yield from 100 
to 250 bushels per acre; price, 40 to 50 cents. Apples 
short; beans fair, 10 to 15 bushels per acre. h. f. c. 
Livingston Co., N. Y. 
We have had much cold, dry weather lately, much too 
dry and cool for wheat, which is making a very slow 
growth. Corn ripened late, delaying wheat seeding some¬ 
what, and many hesitated to sow early on account of dry 
weather. Several rather heavy showers occurred later, 
enough to start the wheat, but there has been much cold 
weather and several freezes. Corn is a good crop here, 
and the upland tields are yielding more than creek 
bottoms, which is due to the copious rains of early Summer. 
Hogs and sheep arc good property ; hogs are netting local 
producers $7.25 per 100 and better. Trading in cattle 
is dull, and only a few are changing hands. Corn is in 
good condition and cribbing will soon begin generally, 
though a few farmers are shredding now (October 28). 
It is understood that some wheat is being held here for 
better prices later on. 
Hillsboro, O. w. e. d. 
FARM INSTITUTES. POSTAL BANKS.—In renewing 
my subscription I am pleased to endorse what <:. AY. 
Powell says of The R. N.-Y. on page 903, for it is the 
only real farm paper that I have ever had. I have been 
very much interested in the discussion of the farmers’ 
institutes. My idea why the farmers’ institutes are of 
so little value to the farmer is not because the men 
in charge are deficient in education, but that they are 
“up against” a hard proposition, as not one farmer in 
50 lias the money to carry out any such methods of 
farming as advocated at farmers’ institutes. Like the 
county fairs, they stir the enthusiasm in a farmer to 
its highest pitch when he marvels at the improvement in 
farm machinery and in farm stock, but when he returns 
to his home, and is confronted by the thought that all 
of those improvements cost money, and 1o secure improve¬ 
ments means large interest, that is w’’ero the average 
man hacks up, and both the farmers’ institutes and county 
and State fairs are failures. If Congress would give us 
postal savings hanks and pay two per cent, and loan 
the money to farmers at three pev cent, such a plan 
would give to the farmers a working capital and make 
it possible for a farmer to have improvements, then if 
the State Agricultural Departments would purchase a 
few hundred hulls of the best dairy breeds and a few 
hundred rams of the best wool and mutton breeds, and 
loan them to farmers at actual cost of maintenance, 
this would raise (he production of milk and butter, wool 
and mutton, at less cost to the farmer and correspond¬ 
ingly less cost to the consumer. On page 316. Agricul¬ 
tural Year Book of 1908. S. A. Knapp says that after 
40 years of college-trained youths, they still leave the 
farm for reasons not difficult to understand, and that 
the opportunities for accumulating wealth must be better 
for the masses in the country than in the city. That 
is why 1 sav give us the postal savings banks, and give 
to the farmers the increased opportunities that wc are 
all longing .for. a. j. f. 
Chemung Co., N. Y. 
