1909. 
THE HURAb NEW-YORKER 
906 
TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE. 
In order to distinguish tuberculous ani¬ 
mals from those not affected, some knowl¬ 
edge of the disease is necessary. Such 
knowledge can he acquired at a small cost 
from the State agricultural institutions, and 
when acquired, can he relied upon, wherein 
it differs from most of the sensational and 
misleading articles which are constantly ap¬ 
pearing in the newspapers. One of the 
first signs of disease is an occasional cough, 
especially noticeable after feeding in the 
evening. Other signs which may lend to 
suspicion are abnormal lumps in the udder 
or Oeck. abscesses on the abdomen, or, in 
advanced cases, a general run-down and 
debilitated condition of the animal, even 
when well-fed and cared for. When tuber¬ 
culosis is suspected one or two of the poorer 
animals should be fattened and killed for 
beef, where the carcasses can he carefully 
examined by the owner and an expert in 
post-mortem examinations. This is the 
most satisfactory way of proving that a herd 
is affected for when one or two animals are 
found witli the disease others are almost 
sure to he similarly affected. A carcass 
should he examined before any of the organs 
have been removed. The disease may he 
found in the lungs, liver, lymphatic glands, 
udder, intestines or the lining membranes 
of the thorax or abdomen. Its appearance 
When found in the Rings or liver resembles 
ulcers of varying sizes, sometimes containing 
pus or corruption; but it is often found, 
especially in the neck and in the udder, 
in the form of yellow granulated tubercular 
glands which have a gritty, cheesy appear¬ 
ance when cut open. Tuberculosis has been 
called “pearly disease” on account of its 
pearly or grape-like appearance when found 
attached 'to the lining membranes of the 
thorax or abdomen. There may be only a 
few of these tubercular nodules present in 
a case of localized tuberculosis or, if the 
disease has become generalized, they may 
hang in large thick clusters over practically 
the entire lining of the thorax and abdomen. 
The most approved method of recognizing 
tuberculosis is by applying the tuberculin 
test. When this test is properly applied the 
affected animals may he distinguished in 
about 98 per cent of the cases. It occasion¬ 
ally happens that the temperature of an 
animal rises from some other cause than 
the injection of tuberculin ; hut these false 
temperatures are rarely typical reactions. 
This test should therefore be applied by 
none hut competent experienced persons. In 
practice the animal’s temperature is taken 
three or four times during the day at inter¬ 
vals of about three hours. From one-half 
to one cubic centimeter of tuberculin is then 
injected into the side of (lie neck near the 
right shoulder. This injection is made at 
about niue o’clock in the evening. On the 
following day the temperatures are taken, 
the first at seven o'clock in the morning, 
and afterwards at intervals of two or three 
hours. If the temperature rises gradually 
to at least 104% degrees, which must be 
at least 2% degrees higher than the average 
normal temperature on the preceeding day 
and then gradually becomes normal from 
24 to .‘10 hours after injection, it is called 
a typical reaction, and the animal is practi¬ 
cally sure to be affected. Physical examina¬ 
tion's cannot he relied upon except when 
the disease is found in an advanced stage. 
Tuberculin tests will be made free of 
charge by the State upon application to the 
Commissioner of Agriculture, or private 
veterinarians may be employed for this pur¬ 
pose at the owner’s expense. In the first 
case the reacting animals will be taken by 
the State, if desired, under the provisions 
of the Agriculture haw, the owner receiving 
50 per cent of the appraised valuation of 
those found upon post-mortem examination 
to have generalized tuberculosis, and 80 per 
cent of the appraised valuation of those 
found with the disease localized. In either 
case the reacting animals may be branded 
and sold for beef at their market value after 
obtaining written permission from the Com¬ 
missioner of Agriculture. These methods 
are recommended for dairymen who keep 
common stock, as the expense of segregating 
the reacting animals and the extra labor 
involved in their care make it impracticable 
for the average dairyman to adopt this 
method. 
Although 50 or 80 per cent of the ap¬ 
praised valuation of the affected animals 
seems like a sacrifice to the average dairy¬ 
man, it will be found much more profitable 
for him to clean up his herd at once and 
keep it free from disease by semi-annual 
tests than to allow the affected animals to 
remain in the herd and endanger the health 
of every animal in it. Again, an animal 
suffering with generalized tuberculosis is 
actually worth only the price of its hide, as 
the meat is not fit for consumption. Fifty 
per cent of the appraised valuation of such 
an animal should be considered a fair price, 
as it is liable to die at any time, in which 
case it would be a total loss. 
In the case of purebred or valuable breed¬ 
ing animals, those affected may be isolated 
and kept profitably for breeding and dairy 
purposes under certain restrictions and re¬ 
quirements of the Department: of Agriculture. 
Their calves must be removed from the 
stable ns soon as born and fed with milk 
that has either been pasteurized at 185 
degrees F. or taken from healthy cows. 
Milk from cows which have reacted to the 
test must be pasteurized before being sold 
for consumption. After removing the 
diseased animals the stable and utensils 
should be thoroughly cleaned. When dry, 
the whole interior should be sprayed with 
a one to 1,000 solution of bichloride of 
mercury until well saturated. The walls 
and ceiling should then be whitewashed. 
This process should be repeated as often as 
any danger of contamination is apparent. 
The stable should he - well-lighted and 
ventilated. For this purpose about three 
square feet of glass should be provided for 
each cow, and two square feet of muslin 
cither tacked on frames placed in the win¬ 
dows or over openings cut in the walls at 
least four feet from the floor. This system 
of ventilation by diffusion provides pure dry 
air for the cattle to breathe in suen a way 
that no draughts are created, thus materi¬ 
ally reducing the chances of infection. It 
also aids in maintaining an even temperature 
of about 45 degrees F. in Winter. Cleanli¬ 
ness in tin; stable is most important and 
the animals should be let out on pleasant 
days. Animals to replenish the herd should 
either be raised on the farm or selected from 
a healthy herd. When selected from a dis¬ 
eased herd, an animal may have the germs 
of tuberculosis in it state or incubation which 
may soon break out in virulent form, and yet 
not react to the tuberculin test nt the time 
of purchase. C. S. ukke.nb, 
Chronic Looseness of Bowels. 
I have bought a horse lately that suits 
me every way, but he scours when driving 
on the road; not at ail when standing in 
the stable, lie is fed eight quarts of oats 
and three quarts of ground feed each day 
and a good quantity of bay nights, but yet 
does not get quite as much flesh on as I 
would like. He seems ravenously hungry 
all the time; will eat up nil his hay nights, 
and then eats his straw bedding, and 
he is always hungry for salt, although 
I keep salt before him all the time. One 
week be ate a salt brick in six days, and 
I have changed from salt, bricks and 
placed rock salt in his manger. 1 have an 
idea that he has worms. I only use the 
horse for light driving, and as he is gentle 
every way and perfectly safe for our 
women folks to drive, 1 would like to keep 
him if I could cure him of the scours. 
Will the scours weaken him so that he will 
become worthless? Is theta; anything 1 
can do to stop the scours? Do you think 
he has worms, and, if so, would they be 
apt to make him scour? Would you advise 
me to get rid of him? subscuibeb. 
If the horse has a long, weak “washy” 
coupling, so that he appears cut up in 
the flank like a greyhound, he never can 
lie cured of chronic scouring when driven. 
If he is well-knit in his coupling the 
trouble should prove curable, and is due to 
indigestion, which nitty or may not be 
associated with the presence of worms. 
In most cases worms are not present. The 
scouring, if continued in tin otherwise well 
horse, leads to weakness and thin condi¬ 
tion. Bed him with sawdust or haled shav¬ 
ings in a roomy box stall. Drive, work, or 
exercise him thoroughly every day. Feed 
carrots in addition to other food, for, 
strange to say, they often tend to check 
chronic scouring. Feed whole oats, bran 
and hay. Do not give ground food. Mix 
some browned wheat flour in each feed, and 
if that does not avail, give him in feed 
twice daily a tablespoonful of a mixture of 
one part each of subnitrate of bismuth, 
powdered catechu and ground ginger root 
and two parts of powdered wood charcoal. 
Continue to allow free access to rock salt. 
Always give the drinking water before and 
not soon after feeding. a. s. a. 
Indigestion in Mare. 
I have a six-year-old sorrel mare that I 
have owned since June. She was sold as 
being in foal since April, which, if a fact, 
is not evident unless it he by her fondness 
for snapping at those who harness her. 
The mare is thin and spotted, and afflicted 
with some rash of character described by 
.1. II. 11. on page *76. She has an almost 
ravenous appetite and eats too fast; seven 
pints whole oals, one pint shelled corn, 
and 1% bundle of corn fodder, some oats 
being passed not masticated. These amounts 
are fed each meal. She requires urging to 
get her to travel, which was not so In 
June. In the last two weeks her hind 
legs have been giving way at times; on the 
level occasionally; hut mostly going down 
hill. I notice when leading her to branch 
for water she drags toes of hind feet on 
ground. She lias grabbed four front shoes 
off with hind feet when trotting and once 
threw herself on knees In this manner. 
Can you assure me that no harm could 
occur to a possible colt as a result of 
treating the mare with Fowler's solution 
of arsenic? I judge that all the other 
poinls of treatment recommended to J. 
B. H. should be adopted by me for my 
mare. J. ». b. 
North Carolina. 
The mare has indigestion, and all of the 
symptoms described are due to that. Such 
conditions might be expected where a horse 
is fed as described. The rations are too 
generous, and unnecessary for any animal 
that is not doing hard work. Substitute 
good, old hay for corn fodder and give one 
pound of 11 per one hundred pounds of 
live weight. Feed whole oats and bran, 
the latter to form one-fifth part of the 
mixture. Of this feed one pound per one 
hundred pounds live weight. in other 
words, if the mare weighs 1,200 pounds, 
slit* is to receive dally not over 12 pounds 
each of hay and grain mixture. When 
she is perfectly well and doing hard work 
the proportion of food may be slightly in¬ 
creased, and in cold weather some ear 
corn may bo added to the grain mixture 
once daily. Have her clipped and see that 
she is worked, or exercised, every day. Put 
her feed in a wide-bottomed feed box, so 
that she cannot eat it fast. Have her teeth 
atlended to by a veterinary dentist. Bed 
her with baled shavings or sawdust if 
she e.-ils her bedding. Do not give her 
medicine of any kind if she is in foal. 
A. s. A. 
GET MY PRICE 
I Buy direct from the biggest 
spreader factory in the world. 
—M y price has made it—No such 
price as I make on this high 
grade spreader has ever been 
made before in ail manure 
spreader history. I save you 
$50. Here’s the secret and reason; 
1 make you a price on one based 
on a 25,000 quantity and pay the 
freight right to your station. You 
only pay for actual material, labor and 
one small profit, based on this enor¬ 
mous quantity on a 
This Ad. Saves Dealer, 
Jobber Catalog: House 
Profits. 
S Size. 
GALLOWAY 
Get my bran new proposition 
with proof—lowest price ever 
made on a first class spreader, 
with my agreement to pay you 
back your money after you try 
It 12 months if it’s not a paying investment How’s that for a proposition? If I did not 
have best spreader I would not dare make such an offer. 20,000 farmers have stamped 
their O. K. on it. They all tried it 30 days free just like I ask you to try it—30 DAYS FREE. 
Drop mo a postal, and aay—“Galloway, sand ma your new proposition and Blp Spreader BOOK FREE 
with low prlcaa dlreot from your factory.■’ I also make a new complete steel gc«r Sproader—70-bu six' - , _ 
H. Guthberson, Gladbrook, Iowa. "Works fine. Spreads T. F. Stice, Oswego. Kans. “Often pull It with my 
all kinds of manure better than any spreader I ever saw. small buggy team. Does good work. Have always us.-d 
So simple, nothing to get out of repair as compared with the-before. Galloway much the best. If going to 
other spreaders.” buy a dozen more they would all be Galloways.” 
WM. GALLOWAY COMPANY, 669Galloway Station, WATERLOO, IOWA 
lBESSf 
J 
Happy cows nro ea«y Tnilkorn; fcivo more milk; cloanor milk; milk rirher in 
Cream and buttor fat. You will mako more money marketing clean, pure milk, 
cream, butter and chooso, than you can Helling dairy products of indifferent quality. 
The easiest way to keep cows clean is to equip your dairy barn with Louden 
Stalls and Stanchions. They keep the cows in their place without making them 
uncomfortabio. With every cow linod up in her stall, the stables are easily cleaned. 
The Louden Way 
London Stalls and Stanchions aro light, airy, and whilo sufficiently roomy, aro 
economical of floor spaco. They fully protect the cows from injury. Louden Malls 
and Stanchions aro used by up-to-date farmers and tho most successful dairies in 
the country. If you aro in doubt as to just what you need to fit up your barn in 
the most modern way—tho most profitable, sanitary way—tho least expensive way 
—send for our catalog and mail us a rough sketch of your stnblo arrangements and 
toll us how many cows thero are in your herd. Wo will then lay out a plan for you 
—toll you just what equipment will bo best and just what it will cost. This service 
is free. Get out your paper and pencil and lotus have rough Bkotch by next mail. 
Loudon Machinery Co., 601 Broadway, Fair Hold, Iowa. 
SaveYour Slock bu 
Cooking ■iheir Feed 
Warm, cooked feed will do wonders to keep your stock 
healthy, sleek and fat. Prevents hog cholera and other 
diseases and is no trouble to prepare if you use a 
Heesen Feed Cooker 
25,000 stock raisers and farmers who use Hees- 
sen Cookers testify that cooking doubles the 
fattening power of raw feed. The Heesen Feed 
Cooker will save you money and make you money. 
Tho Heesen is tho strongest, simplest, easiest operating, quickest 
heating feed cooker made. Only two parts: strong kettle and 
seamless sheet steel jacket. Largo feed door takes any fuel No 
foundation neoded. Can bo used outside or in tho collur. 
Try Ono for Ton Days Froo 
Writo for details of ourfreetrial offer, by which you can test out 
tho Heesen Feed Cooker without cost. Investigate for your stock’s 
o. Ueesea Bros. & Oh, Box51, Tecumseb, Midi. 
“Challenge** 
Wagon Scale 
W ho weighs the products that you buy ami sell? 
If you use somebody Oise's scales, you’re going 
more or lesB “by guesswork." Install an Osgood 
Scale of your own and KNOW your weights — 
get full valne for every- 
Uiing. Many styles to 
select from. Prices within 
your reach. 
Write for Catalogue 
y-f Osgood Scale Co . 
' BOX 157 BINGHAMTON,H.T. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping;Caldron. Empties 
its kettloin one minute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food forstock. Also make Dairy anti 
Laundry .Stoves, Water and 
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hoc 
Hcalders, Caldrons.etc. 1 fT'Send 
for particulars and ask for circular J. 
D. It. 8PERKY & (JO.. Batavia, Ul. 
STOPS LOSSES FROM WORMS 
Keep your stock in prime condition. Do away with losses and Increase your profits. The worst enemy to both stock and 
owner is worms. They eat tho feed that should strengthen and fatten stock they eat up your profits. SAL-VET is a 
scientifically medicated salt that is easy to feed and costs little; only one-twelfth of a cent a day for each sheep or hog. 
Weight in stock is not due to the amount of feed they oat, but 
to the amount they digest and assimilate. 
This wonderful remedy will not only destroy every last 
worm in your stock, hut it acts as a tonic and conditioner. 
It goes direct to the worms—kills them—expels them, fitting 
the animals’ stomachs and intestines to perform their 
proper functions, so that every ounce the animal eats will 
make profit, for you. Sal-Vet will positively prevent para- 
eitic infection. 
At marketing time every pound that you can add to your 
cattle,sheep or hogs is just so much more money in your poc¬ 
ket. You know that it is almost impossible to fatten stock if 
their digestive organs are outof kilter.or if they have worms. 
Your stock is now on 
dry feed — Sal-Vet will 
stimulate their appetite 
—aid digestion and keep 
them healthy and vigor¬ 
ous. 
PRICES 40 IDs. $2.25: 100 lbs. $5; 200 lbs. $9; 300 lbs. $13. 
Don 9 t Send tKny Money 
We will send you enough to feed your 
stock for 60 days , and if SAL-VET 
don’t do all we say you have noth¬ 
ing to pay. 
From Mr. A. T. CAMBER, the well- 
known Breeder of American and 
Delaine Merinos. 
Your SAL-VET is all you claim for it. 
I am pleitRed to state that as a preventative 
of worms it does the business ; as a con¬ 
ditioner it can't be beat, and it is a fine 
tonic for fitting show stock. 
(Signed) A. T. GAMBER, Wakeman, O. 
Just fill in the attached coupon and tell 
us how many head you own and we will 
send enough Sal-Vet to feed them 
for 60 days. Fill in and mail the 
coupon now. 
The 
S. R. Fei! 
Company, 
Cleveland,0. 
Gentlemen: —I 
will accept your 
offer advertised in 
R. N.-Y. Nov. 13. 
Name. 
The So Rm Feil Company 
Dept. R.Ai, Cleveland, O 
P. O.. 
Shipping St.a ... State. 
Sheep, 
■ Cuttle . J'arses . Cogs.... 
