loon. 
THE RUR.A.I> NEW-YORKER 
897 
A FARM BOILER. 
A. H., Penn Yen, N. Y. —I was inter¬ 
ested in the article on page 881 on heating 
the farmhouse. I would like to know if it 
is practicable to heat a house with a motor, 
or high pressure boiler, using steam from 
the same to run a small engine for separat¬ 
ing cream, churning, and cooking and warm¬ 
ing feed for the hens and hogs on a small 
farm. If it can be accomplished, will the 
answer include details as to size of boiler, 
etc., to furnish the amount of power and 
heat, two rooms? 
Ans. —I read with interest the articles 
in relation to heating the farmhouse, 
and though as a farmer I am in the 
primary class, yet, having spent many 
years as a steam engineer, boiler maker, 
and inspector, leads me to offer a sug¬ 
gestion along this line that may prove 
of value to prospective home seekers. 
A farmer more than any other class is 
very frequently in need of power for 
his work. He must pump water, saw 
wood, shell corn, grind feed, winnow 
grain and seed, and needs steam for 
cooking vegetables used a'S feed. In 
acid tion there is the house to be heated 
say five months in the year. Should he 
provide a low pressure boiler he will 
find when the pressure falls below that 
of the atmosphere a partial vacuum 
exists in the •system below the water 
line, and the air is drawn into the pip¬ 
ing, forced in by the atmospheric press¬ 
ure. Hence to heat he must have the 
water above 212 degrees, or in other 
words pressure must show on gauge. 
Now the amount of heat necessary to 
carry five pounds pressure and 75 pounds 
represents but a small increase in fuel, 
so small as to be negligible in practice. 
But with 75 pounds pressure he can 
have power to operate the pump, the 
saw, and other tools required on the 
farm and if needed, use the exhaust 
for heating, or cooking. Should he use 
a gas engine then gasoline must be pur¬ 
chased, and this will be a constant ex¬ 
pense. On the other hand with a proper 
•size steam boiler one may use various 
waste products for generating power. 
If corn is shelled the cobs will serve, 
and old rails, branches, etc., may readily 
be used, thus saving money for the own¬ 
er. Even if it is necessary to purchase 
coal one will find it costs less per horse 
power developed than gasoline, and then 
during the heating season one can have 
power pract’cally without cost, as the 
engine would be only a reducing valve 
between the boiler and the heating sys¬ 
tem. 
In estimating on the proper size boiler 
it may be said under equal conditions 
one square foot of heating surface in 
boilers of different type will evaporate 
equal amounts of water. Therefore we 
want to say 10 horse-power for our 
purposes, and a horse-power equals the 
evaporation of 30 pounds of water 
per hour. With a fair draft and 
grates we can evaporate at least 
three pounds per square foot of 
heating surface, and for 10 horse power 
we want 100 square feet of metal ex¬ 
posed to the fire or heated gases. In 
buying a boiler base your calculations 
on the above data, and have the seller 
give you 10 square feet heating surface 
per horse. Of course this boiler would 
be a steel one, as cast iron is used only 
for very low pressure, and is not recom¬ 
mended, owing to the metal being brit¬ 
tle and having no ductility. In addition, 
when out of order repairs are very ex¬ 
pensive, as no one but the builders can 
furnish duplicate parts, and one cannot 
patch cast iron boilers. Steel is ductile, 
flexible and endures expansion and con¬ 
traction and anyone can repair with a 
few tools. Steel plate has a tens’le 
strength of from 55,000 to 60,000 pounds 
per square inch of net section while 
castings of gray iron run from 8,000 to 
15,000 pounds. Hence one-quarter inch 
steel plate is as strong as one inch best 
cat iron. 
Suppose one set then a vertical tubu¬ 
lar boiler in the cellar, or in an out¬ 
building near the house. If the latter 
we run a pipe in a box below the ground 
to the cellar, then branch off to the 
rooms above, the return p : pe to come 
back through the same box. Drop a bar- 
re 1 into the ground to receive this water, 
which mind you is condensed and pure. 
Use the barrel to hold water for feeding 
the boiler during the Summer. To feed 
the boiler we need a small injector, say 
three-quarter inch, which will lift the 
water if not over 100 degrees and, heat¬ 
ing it, will force it into the boiler. One 
may rig up a by-pass of pipes and 
valves so when steam is not wanted save 
for heating the return water will flow 
directly into the boiler. 
I said an upright boiler for the reason 
no brick work is required save the- foun¬ 
dation, and this saves in repairs. The 
temperature of a good fire is from 2,000 
to 2,500 degrees, and this heat is sur¬ 
rounded by water. If we carry 100 
pounds pressure the temperature of the 
•steam due to tnis pressure will be 336 
degrees, hence w«e should buy cheap 
asbestos paper and insulate the shell of 
the boiler. With a layout of this kind 
and a steam engine to match one can 
be ready for work in 30 minutes notice, 
and I submit the proposition would be 
economical to operate, easily learned by 
the boys, and that cheap fuel could be 
used. With high pressure we have high¬ 
er temperatures and may carry for heat¬ 
ing 25 pounds, hence less radiators 
needed. At night we bank our fire leaving 
the damper almost closed, and have 
everything comfortable. This outfit could 
also be used in small home-made hot¬ 
houses, for poultry purposes and other 
lines. An outfit, boiler, 10 horse engine, 
eight horse with appliances, would cost 
say $250. Of course, this would not in¬ 
clude radiators and steam heating end. 
Eight horse boiler with six horse engine 
would be about $25 less. T. t. p. 
The Powder-Post Bettle. 
R. O. B., Bilver Creek, N. Y.—Will the 
little insects in wood, that make the “Pow¬ 
der-post” ko from the firewood—in which 
they are working—to the beams and parts 
of die building in which the wood is stored? 
Ans. —The Powder-post beetle attacks 
old hickory, ash, oak, and other dry 
hardwoods. It also attacks hardwood 
furniture, floors, wainscoting, joists, etc. 
It has been known to damage railroad 
bridges seriously, and has also weakened 
the timbers in floors, etc. I would think 
there might be serious chances of its 
spreading from piles of hardwood to 
the woodwork of houses in which the 
former were stored, provided the wood¬ 
work was of hardwoods. I do not think 
pine and hem'oek would suffer injury. 
These beetles do not often attack paint¬ 
ed or varnished material, although they 
do occasionally. Treating woodwork 
with kerosene, benzine, or gasoline pro¬ 
tects it for a time. gi.enn w. herrick. 
Hen Notes. —In answer to G. S. L., 
page 938, I would say after having had 
experience in breeding 20 to 25 varieties 
of fancy, Standard bred fowls all at one 
time he will be absolutely safe in sepa¬ 
rating as he says. He need not have 
any fear as to crosses showing from 
eggs laid after February 1. Some breed¬ 
ers say the fifth or sixth egg laid after 
separation will not show any cross. I 
would not advise J. W. R., page 938, to 
feed much corn to his chickens unless 
in extremely cold weather, and even 
then do not make it the main feed. 
There is more bone, muscle and egg 
producing materia] in wheat, oats and 
buckwheat than in corn. The latter 
grain is all right and very necessary to 
fit poultry for market, as it will make 
a fat plump body, but is a very poor 
feed for a steady diet. I recently sold 
a pen of nine hens and one cock (Sin¬ 
gle Comb Black Minorcas) that in the 
month of August gave me 18 dozen eggs, 
and they had not had four quarts of 
corn since the first of April. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. f. p. studley. 
Park of Little Chicks. —As I was read- 
inn what Mr. Mapes bad to say about the 
white diarrhoea or brooder cholera, I thought 
I would like to tell you what luck I have 
had. Last year my first brood did very 
well, but the rest were bothered with this 
disease. I agree witli Mr. Mapes about its 
being a contagious germ disease, and think 
that we ought to be very careful about clean¬ 
ing brooder. When I was through with my 
brooders last year, I cleaned them, poured 
kerosene over them and set fire to them. 
When they had burned as long as I thought 
it would do to let them, I threw water on 
and put out the fire. Then I put a pan 
of living coals in, sprinkled sulphur on them, 
and shut the brooder as near airtight as 
possible and left it for Winter. April 5 I 
filled my incubator with eggs, and on the 
same day sowed about a quart of oats in 
one corner of the yard which is about 1G 
feet square. On April 26 I had 113 nice 
smart chicks. I gave the brooder a thorough 
airing, put the chicks in it, fed them the 
old-faslnoned way, cornmeal wet with cold 
water or a little skim-milk, and once in 
a while a hard-boiled egg; if they began 
to droop, a little black pepper. When 
they were about a week old I started a little 
hole in the corner where the oats were 
sown and they did the rest, dug out the 
oats to get the sprouts. This gave them 
plenty of exercise, as they would chase each 
other all around tin 1 yard to i?ht the sprouts. 
The result was I raised 105 out of the 113, 
but the next did not do so well ; they were 
again bothered with the plague, and I lost 
about one-third of them. I think that the 
larger the yard the better, and if possible 
move brooder on new ground. My brooders 
arc made after the pattern you gave in 
“The Business Hen.” on page *36, Fig. 12, 
and l like them much better than any brood¬ 
er and brooder-house, as they are much 
easier cleaned, and my chicks do better 
than in the indoors brooder and brooder- 
house. c. E. A. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. X.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 10. 
The James Modern 
Cow Stable 
More light, fresh air, cow comfort, convenience. 
Above all, bettor sanitary conditions. Write today 
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Most practical book on stables and quarters ever 
published. Tolls and shows how to make your dairy 
really up-to-date. 40 pages, printed In colors, beau¬ 
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address “•*- 
KENT MFC. CO. 
1 30 Cane St., 
Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin 
“NEW MODERN” 
SWING 
CATTLE STANCHION 
STEEL OR WOOD. 
CHAIN OR SWIVEL HUNG. 
Furnished with or without 
steel or wood frame. Steel 
tops and bottoms. Aletal 
bearings. 
When open, stanchion is 
automatically and firmly hold 
in position. Extension bar 
prevents cattle from entering 
the side. 
"NEW MODERN" FEED-AND LITTER 
CARRIERS ARE THE BEST MADE. 
Write for circulars. 
GL0R BROS. S WILLIS MFG., 17 Main St.. Attica, N.Y. 
"Everything tor the Bam." —J 
THE NELSON TANK 
HEATER 
MANUFACTURED BY 
NELSON MFG.Ca 
DEERFIELD.WI& 
NO HEAT 
SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES. 
AGENTS crff-NINE IN ONE ||t=* 
S75 monthly. Combination's. _ r 
Rolling Pin. Nine articles combined. Lightning Seller. 
Sample free. F0RSHEE MFG. CO., Box 355 Dayton, 0. 
2 54 PAGE-CATALOG' FREE 
TELLING HOW TO SAW LUMBER, SHINGLES 
wood: grind corn and wheat; also describ¬ 
ing FULL LINE OF ENGINES, BOILERS. GASOLINE 
ENGINES, WATER-WHEELS AND MILL GEARING. 
DEtOAUH Mill MANUFACTURING CO.. Boa Bridgrport. Alabama. 
MISLED 
Have you been misled into believ¬ 
ing a modern cream separator 
needs disks or other compli cated 
parts inside the bowl? Makers 
and dealers selling common 
separators like you to be¬ 
lieve so because they know 
their machines must hav e * 
them. 
THe simple, sanitary, 
easy-to-clean Sharpies 
Dairy Tubular lias 
nothing in the 
bowl except the 
tiny piece here 
shown on the thumb. 
Compare washing this 
single piece with wash¬ 
ing the pan full of disks 
here shown from a 
common separator. 
Yet Tubulars run 
easiest, skim fastest, 
and cleanest, wear 
longest—are The 
World’s Best. Tubu¬ 
lar sales exceed most, 
if not all,others com¬ 
bined. Tubulars 
probably replace 
more common separ¬ 
ators every year than 
any other maker 
sells. 
The world’s biggest 
separator 
factory. 
Branch fac¬ 
tor i e s in 
Canada and 
Germany. 
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE NO. 15«. 
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.. 
WEST CHESTER, PA. 
Chicago, III., San Frimclflco, Cal., Portland, Ore. 
Toronto, Cun., Winnipeg, Can. 
29 
yrs 
LET US TAN 
YOUR HIDE, 
Whether Oow, Steer, Bull, or Ilorse 
Hide, Calf. Dug, Deer, or any kind of 
hide or skin, soft, light, odorless and 
moth-proof for robe, rug, coat or gloves, 
and make them up when so ordered. 
But first get our illustrated catalog, 
with prices, shipping tags and instruc¬ 
tions. We are the largest custom fur 
tanners of large wild and domestic 
anim 1 1 skins in the world. 
Distance makes no difference what¬ 
ever. Ship th ree or more cow or horse 
hides together from anywhere, and 
Crosby pays the freight both ways. We 
sell fur coats and gloves, do taxidermy 
and head mounting. 
THE CROSBY FRISIAN FUR COMPANY, 
Rochester, N. Y. 
RAW FURS OF ALL KINDS WANTED 
Price list issued every month beginning with 
November. A postal will bring it. None more 
reliable or trustworthy. Address 
LEMUEL BLACK, LOCK BOX 338, HIGHTSTOWN. N. J. 
THE NAMES 
Sterling 
De Laval 
The name DE LAVAL on a cream separator stands for 
much the same thing as the name STERLING on silverware. It 
means the highest standard of merit and quality in both cases. 
There is the difference, however, that in the case of silver¬ 
ware the name STERLING signifies quality higher than many 
users can afforrl to pay for, notwithstanding their desire to 
have it. so that they must be content with plated ware or some 
cheaper substitute; while in the case of cream separators the 
STERLING quality is within the reach of every buyer and 
costs no more than the plated or other inferior imitations, 
when actual capacity is taken into consideration. 
There is likewise the all important difference that while 
the substitute for silver may answer the purpose almost as 
well as genuine STERLING, in the case of cream separators 
the imitation and substitute WASTE in quantity and quality 
of product every time they are used, and enough in one way 
or another to pay for the DE LAVAL yearly, while the DE 
LAVAL lasts for years after the imitation or substitute 
separator will have been worn out and cast aside. 
Why then should any buyer of a cream separator be satis¬ 
fied with anything less than STERLING quality? 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
1G5-167 Broadway 
NEW YORK 
42 E. MADI80N STREET 
CHICAGO 
173-177 William Stukkt 
MONTREAL 
1-4 k 16 Princess Street 
WINNIPEG 
Dkumm k Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
1016 Western Avenue 
SEATTLE 
