1909. 
THE KUKAR NEW-YORKER 
1007 
FERTILIZER ON GERMAN MILLET. 
The picture at Fig. 549, represents the 
value of fertilizer on sandy soil. The 
strip on the right side had celery on in 
1908 with an application of about 300 
pounds per acre of a 2-8-10 fertilizer; 
other side had no fertilizer. Piece was 
THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER. Fig. 5-18. 
plowed and fitted exactly alike, and Ger¬ 
man millet sown about June 15, 1909. 
The showing is remarkable, as this year 
has been the driest and also the coolest 
for years, only five inches of rainfall 
since July 1, which is about half of 
normal. Fig. 548, shows the growth of 
one square foot from each section, that 
fertilized last year producing almost lGjZ 
tons green forage to the acre, while the 
other made only G.8 tons. There are 
several points to be thought of here. 
First, that fertilizers of a good grade 
pay and pay well the first year, and 
then some pay for the second year. If 
this is so with millet would it not be so 
with grain seeded with grass and clover ? 
If there is a good percentage left for 
feeds as oil meal, cotton-seed meal or 
the better grades of gluten feed. I have 
used millet for some years with dairy 
cows and young stock, and think very 
highly of it. It is claimed to be injurious 
to horses through the effect it has on 
the kidneys. With the hay crop as light 
as it has been for two years, and likely 
to be next, as the dry season has been 
very hard on new seeding, it will surely 
pay our farmers to give more attention 
to the millets. Any one of the different 
kinds can be sown after all other Spring 
crops are in, and can be harvested and 
out of the way before Fall work begins. 
New York. C. i. hunt. 
Failure With Angouleme Pears. 
A. J. R . Central Ohio .—Will B. D. V. 
explain why top-grafted trees of dwarf 
Angouleme pears were not successful? 
Would budding (in the branches) be more 
desirable? Would Louise Bonne do better 
as a stock under such conditions? Refer¬ 
ence is to putting some varieties in the 
tops, which themselves refuse to grow on 
the quince. 
Ans.— Duchesse d’Angouleme were 
largely planted in Western New York, 
and a large proportion proved unprofit¬ 
able. Many orchards wet;e grafted over, 
and I had the opportunity of seeing 
many of these top-worked orchards at 
various stages from the time the work 
was being done to 10 years after, and 
repeat that I have never seen a dwarf 
Duchess orchard grafted over to other 
varieties that was an improvement over 
the original Duchess. They were usually 
wrecks at from two to eight years after 
the operation. This may be because the 
Duchess in itself is a poor stock upon 
which to graft other varieties. I believe 
this to be the case, as I have in mind 
two lots of dwarf Anjou which were 
top-worked to Bartlett and Bose suc¬ 
cessfully. If I wanted to grow those 
varieties of pears as dwarfs that refuse 
to do well budded directly upon quince, 
I should top-bud one-year-old dwarf 
Anjou trees to the varieties desired, in¬ 
serting the buds two to four inches 
above the quince stock. What I have 
previously written relative to the top¬ 
working of dwarf Duchess pear trees 
referred to the top-working. of bearing 
trees where a different variety was de¬ 
sired, and not to the handling of young 
trees in the nursery. v. b. 
Judges as Educators. —On page 950 
you speak of a judge of fruit and 
vegetables being asked to explain his 
reasons for the decisions given. If 
articles are judged by score cards 
it seems to me that if the cards 
EFFECT OF LAST YEAR’S FERTILIZER ON MILLET. Fig. 549. 
the second crop, should not the landlord 
pay more than 50 per cent of the fer¬ 
tilizer bill when tenant stays one year 
only r ? That millet is a profitable crop 
both for soiling and cured is apparent 
when 7j/2 tons cured fodder can be se¬ 
cured per acre. As millet contains only 
about two per cent of protein it 'should 
be fed in connection with Alfalfa or 
clover hay. If these cannot be obtained 
the ration should be balanced with such 
on which the. points indicating 
qualities of the articles are marked were 
tplaoed ,upon each article judged, it 
would provide the educational quality 
for shows even better than would any 
address by the judge. I suggested such 
a plan be used at a recent show of 
fruit, but it was not adopted. Perhaps 
the plan may be less feasible in prac¬ 
tice than it appears in theory, but it is 
surely worth trying. m. morse. 
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NORFOLK, VA. 
