1909. 
'THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1016 
WHEN ARE EGGS FERTILIZED? 
On page 958 G. G. L., of Williamsport. 
I’a., has an inquiry for the length of time 
poultry should be separated to insure (hem 
to breed true to name. 1 am taught that 
there are two clusters of yolks forming 
at the same time in a laying hen, and as 
these yolks develop to the proper size they 
break loose from this cluster, and start 
on their way out of the egg duet, and that 
is the time the germ from the male bird 
comes in contact with it. and goes but a 
short distance when it makes a stop and 
the ‘white'’ of the egg is formed around 
both. I breed both the Barred and White 
Plymouth Rocks, and have never in eight 
years had a cross after separating for 10 
days, but this is when the hens are lay¬ 
ing. I do not know how long a germ would 
live in the egg duct without coming in 
contact with the yolk. Poes anyone else 
know? If they do, I wish they would 
speak right out and tell us. 
Pennsylvania. s. d. jiainley. 
According to our best embryologists 
the laying fowl develops but one of her 
two ovaries, so that she would then have 
only one cluster of yolks forming at a 
time, but this cluster of yolks contains 
ova of varying sizes, so that when one 
is deposited in the oviduct others have 
nearly reached maturity, so that within 
a short time the two will be ready for 
deposit in the oviduct As the ovum 
passes down the oviduct the albumen is 
deposited about it, this process requir¬ 
ing, as a rule, only a few hours’ time. 
It then reaches the shell-forming por¬ 
tion of the oviduct, where it usually re¬ 
quires 18 to 24 hours for the egg to .be 
thoroughly' coated with the calcareous 
material. The fertilizing of this ova oc- 
curs s as a rule, directly after the yolk 
has been deposited in the oviduct. The 
matter of exact length of dime required 
in order to insure no danger of cross- 
mating has not yet been thoroughly 
worked out, and indeed it would seem 
difficult to state a definite period of 
time which would apply in all cases, 
since, under favorable conditions, there 
is no reason why the male germ should 
not continue healthy for some time after 
being in a position -to fertilize the egg. 
However, it is usually supposed that 
when the newer male germs are present 
the egg is fertilized by them in prefer¬ 
ence to any older ones which may have 
been alive in the oviduct. That is to 
say, we would naturally expect that if a 
fowl was secluded for a period of 10 or 
12 days after having been in a flock 
with a male that her eggs would still 
have a chance of being fertilized, and 
possibly for a longer period than above 
stated. However, we would also natur¬ 
ally expect that if, after being separated 
from this first male for a few days, and 
she was again placed in a pen with a 
new male, the possibility of the eggs be¬ 
ing fertilized by the latter male would 
be stronger than the possibility of fertil¬ 
ity from the first one. It is obvious, 
therefore, that /the exact length of time 
of this period of possible fertility varies 
under different conditions. 
Cornell University. c. A. ROGERS. 
LEGAL MATTERS. 
Non-Resident Executor. 
Please state if a resident of another 
State will be permitted to act as an ex¬ 
ecutor in New York. T. C. 
New York. 
The surrogates’ courts of this State do 
not care where a man resides provided he 
submits to its jurisdiction and obeys its 
instructions. An executor acting in an¬ 
other State may be reappointed here to 
care for real properly here. If there is 
real property the executor should lie ap¬ 
pointed here for the purpose of clearing 
tlie title. A non-resident is under no dis¬ 
ability if he submits to our courts. 
Dower Right in Grandfather’s Bequest. 
A man wills certain real property to his 
grandchildren. How does that affect the 
dower interests of the parties? s. H. 
The dower interest is that right which 
a wife has in the real .property of the 
husband which becomes .operative at his 
death. It becomes of value when she be¬ 
comes a widow. If the grandfather pro¬ 
vided sufficiently for bis widow, then the 
grandchildren take a clear title. If the 
grandmother does not get enough by will 
to equal what her dower would be, then 
she may claim dower; that is, a husband 
rannot will away his property so ns to 
defeat the dower rights of the widow. If 
the grandchildren take by will then their 
wives obtain a dower right in the title of 
their husbands. . which will .yield them 
something at the- death of the husbands. 
Timber Adjoining Orchard. 
1 have a young orchard that adjoins my 
neighbor's timber. This growing wood re¬ 
tards the growth of all my fruit trees 
within 50 feet. I have offered to pay him 
if he will cut back his trees. Can I do 
anything else? m. s. 
Each owner of land has title from the 
center of tlie earth to the sky, so that 
both abutting owners may grow trees if 
they do not trespass on the adjoining land 
by their roots or limbs. You cannot re¬ 
quire him to cut back his large trees to 
admit sun and light, to your fruit trees. 
It is a ease for diplomacy. If you can 
reach him through friends or neighbors he 
may see it to his Interest or self-respect to 
act neighborly. 
Sale of Joint Property. 
Our farm was devised to my mother and 
myself. We think it wise to sell it and 
buy a homo in a city. Can this he done, 
and how? She is very old, and does not 
understand business ways. F. o. 
Now Jersey. 
If there is no restriction in the will or 
deed you may sell it by both joining in 
the deed. If you buy you may take title 
in the name of the two, or the purchaser 
may give a mortgage for one-half interest 
to the other, so ns to show that each has 
a Half interest. If it is satisfactory the 
son may give the mother a note or ether 
security for her half interest. It should 
lie shown on the record that, each owns a 
half interest, or that the one secures the 
other. All family contracts should be In 
writing; it will he a protection to each. 
Abandonment of Stored Goods. 
1 iKiught a farm six months ago on 
which there is a building stored with 
goods of a third party. Notice has been 
given to him to remove same, hut they 
are still there, while he has left for an¬ 
other State. What should I do with them, 
as I need the space? M. v. 
Connecticut. 
If lie has a recorded lease on the build¬ 
ing lie has a right to the storage for the 
term of the lease, but it is more probable 
that he has left his goods in the build¬ 
ing on a verbal understanding with the 
former owner. As he lias been notified to 
remove same his refusal acts as an aban¬ 
donment of the goods. If the goods are 
valuable you may store them where you 
like, and hold a lien for storage till it is 
paid. If they are of little value you may 
remove them. 
Warranty on Unsound Horse. 
I bought a team with the warranty that 
they were serviceable, sound and worth 
the price, $250; if found otherwise within 
four months the seller would make it right. 
Within two months one horse developed 
ringbone. I spoke to the seller many times, 
hut he always puts me oft with promises. 
What should I do? g. t. 
New Jersey. 
The warranties made were clear and are 
binding upon the seller. You should do 
your business with him now by mail, 
keeping a copy of each letter, calling his 
attention to his contract and the condition 
of the horse. Have witnesses of the ail¬ 
ment of the horse. All important contracts 
should be in writing, otherwise there may 
he disputes. If you talk with the seller 
have some one with you as witness. Since 
you protested within the fdur months you 
may hold him to his bargain at any time. 
If he will not adjust this matter you may 
sue him and recover for the difference be¬ 
tween what the horse is and what he was 
represented to he. 
A Sewage Nuisance. 
Has a town or city in the State of New 
Jersey any right to build a street 500 feet 
long and 40 feet wide, both sides laid out 
in lots and houses built thereon, without 
having any sewage whatever, leading all 
its refuse and water into an adjoining piece 
of property, thereby ruining it entirely 
by swamping it with all the refuse of the 
entire block? t. w. 
New Jersey. 
Your auction is against the owners who 
turn their sewage on your property. You 
should demand that they dispose of it 
without injury to you. If your protest 
is strong enough they will petition the 
city to lay a sewer pipe to solve this mat¬ 
ter. If the city declines to assume the 
cost then the owners should put in a pri¬ 
vate pipe until such time as the city will 
take charge of it. If there is a sewer 
near, it is likely that the city will con¬ 
nect your street. If they hesitate you 
may complain to the local and State board 
of health and sue each one for nuisance. 
You may abate the nuisance by damming 
it hack, if that would help you. The cost 
of putting in a new sewer would he as¬ 
sessed on all the property owners who are 
benefited. 
Removal of Standing Timber. 
Three years ago I sold standing timber 
to he used in a building nearby, so I be¬ 
lieved that it would be taken off at once. 
A part of it is still standing. There was 
no contract as to how long they could 
work at it. What should I do? a. s. 
Maine. 
In the absence of a contract the pur¬ 
chaser has a reasonable time to clear the 
land. This will depend on the amount 
bought, the length of haul and the value 
of the land. Tile purchaser will be re¬ 
quired to work energetically to clear the 
land, as the* law will not presume that the 
land shall remain open for him indefinitely. 
We think that a few months is anqkio. 
Write the purchaser demanding that he 
clear the land within a stated time, other¬ 
wise you will treat the timber as aban¬ 
doned by him and tlial you will treat him 
as a trespasser. Keep a copy of your let¬ 
ter. In all such controversies il is profit- 
aide ns well as civil to be reasonable, in 
addition, the purchaser is required to be 
careful not to track up your land during 
wet weather. 
Trespass by Trolley Company. 
Three years ngo I sold a strip of land 
off a large meadow to an incorporated 
street car company upon which they erected 
a power plant. At the time I sold it they 
agreed to fence it. but 1 secured no writ¬ 
ing to show for it, and after they lmd 
secured possession of the property they re¬ 
fused to put up the fence, and the com¬ 
pany has since been reorganized. I wish 
to pasture stock in my part of the meadow, 
and would like to know if there is a law 
compelling corporations to fence their prop¬ 
erty, or if I will he compelled to build all 
or a part of this fence. Tf they can he 
compelled to build it. how it can he done, 
and can they erect any kind of a fence that 
they choose? If I put it up can I use 
barbed wire? 'Phis company's teams have 
been driving over my ground all Summer, 
and ns 1 could not take the time to watch 
them and keep them off. they have de¬ 
stroyed the seed on a strip about 50 feet 
wide nearly the entire length of the field. 
New York. c. w. t. 
The railroad law of this State requires 
such companies to erect and maintain suit¬ 
able fences along their line, forbidding the 
use of barb wire. You should send a writ¬ 
ten demand to the company requiring them 
to erect proper fences, otherwise you will 
hold them for damages. In the matter of 
trespassing with their teams they are liable 
for for any injury they do. You should 
keep them off and recover for the injury. 
SAVE HALF THE LABOR 
in sawing wood. You can do 
this and at the raw time, 
cut more wood ill a given 
time than in any other way 
by using 
is mounted on proofed rolls, moves 
easily—cut of saw is down instead of 
against the operator us in old style ma¬ 
chines. Must bo seen to be appreciated. We also 
manufacture Drug Saws, Saw and Shingle Mills. 
Send for /triers and full information. 
Ireland Machine 8 Foundry Co..14 Slate St.,Norwich,N.Y. 
No. 2 Multiple 
Conduit 
BUILDING 
MATERIAL 
for holies, barn 
and farm build¬ 
ings of every 
description. 
Stands greater 
weight and is 
cheaper than 
brick, stone or 
cement. S e n d 
for estimates. 
Samples sent 
freight 
Sold 
n car- 
i 
loads, Write- 
11. It. (’Oil* CO. 
Fulton 11!«lor.. 
PITTS It 1* It (J, PA. 
EXCELSIOR SWING STANCHION 
Warranted the Best. 
30 ]>nys Trial. 
Unlike all others. Stationary tvhen 
Open. Noiseless. 
THE WASSON STANCHION CO. 
IJox <10, Culm, Now York. 
Death tho Stomach 
Worms Guaranteed 
Wo will «*»nd yon 100 lbs. of DU. 
HOLLAND’S MEDICATED STOCK 
SALT on f.o days’ trial freight 
prepaid. If you dorive no benefit, 
it costs yoti nothing; If yon <i<>, it 
costs you $6.00. Givo us your or¬ 
der at once. 
The HOLLAND STOCK RflMEDY 
COMPANY, Wellington, Ohio. 
jf^ETT MV This Ad - S aves Dealer, 
lit I Iwl Y I illSjt Catalog House 
Profits. 
t Buy direct from the biggest 
spreader factory in the world. 
—My price has made it—No such 
price as I make on this high 
grade spreader has ever been 
made before in all manure 
spreader history. I save you 
&50. Here’s the secret and reason: 
I make you a price on one based 
on a 25,000 quantity and pay the 
freight right to your station. You 
only pay for actual material, labor and 
one small profit, based on this enor¬ 
mous quantity on a 
CALLOWAY 
Get my bran new proposition 
with proof—lowest price ever 
made on a first class spreader, 
with my agreement to pay you 
back your money after you try 
it 12 months if It’s not a paying investment How’s that for a proposition? If I did not 
have best spreader I would not dare make such an offer. 20,000 farmers have stamped 
their O. K. on it. They all tried it 30days free just like I ask you to try it—30 DAYS FREE. 
Drop mo ■ postal, and say—“Calloway, send mo your now proposition and Big Sproador BOOK FREE 
with low prices diroot from your factoryI also mako a now completa stool gear Sprondsr—70-bu size. 
U. Gutlibcrson, Gladbrook, Iowa. “Worksfine. Spreads T. F. Stice, Oswego, Kans. “Often pull it with my 
all kinds ol manure better than any spreader I ever saw. small buggy team. Does good work. Have always used 
So simple, nothing to get out ol repair as compared with the-before. Calloway much the best. It going to 
other spreaders.'* buy a dozen more they would all be Galloways." 
WM. CALLOWAY COMPANY, 669Galloway Station, WATERLOO, IOWA 
Are You Losing Calves? 
Ii so I want to say that it is within the power of every 
intelligent stock owner on the face of the earth to wipe 
CONTAGIOUS ABORTION out of his herd and keep 
it out. I am so positive that this can be done that 
I will give an 
Absolute Guarantee 
Use my Anti-Abortion Treat¬ 
ment as prescribed and direct¬ 
ed, and if any cow or heifer 
in your herd fails to carry her 
calf full time, I will refund 
the cost of treatment. 
Cut 
The treatment is easily ap¬ 
plied. requiring but one min¬ 
ute to treat each animal. 
LIVE STOCK BOOK FREE 
Fill out ami mail me the coupon 
below and I will send you, without 
charge, my 180-pngt, illustrated,cloth 
bound book,the "PRACTICAL 1IOMK 
VETERINARIAN.” This volume 
gives, in the plainest terms, prescrip¬ 
tions and directions for successful 
home treatment of nil live stock dis¬ 
eases, describing fully the treatment 
that will stamp out abortion in cows. 
I will also send vou free for one year, 
the “CATTLE SPECIALIST,” a publi¬ 
cation dovotod entirely to cattle. 
(Signed), David Roberts, D.V.S. 
Write for book today to 
Dr. DAVID ROBERTS VETERINARY CO., -««»* Ayc. ? 
out the 
Con pon 
on the 
dotted line. 
$ 1.00 
FREE 
BOOK 
COUPON 
AVAL KESHA, W1S. 
Dr. David Roberts Veterinary Co., 527 Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wis. 
I own.cows.heifers.calves.bulls. 
Ploaso sond mo FREE “ Practical Homo Veterinarian." 
I enclose 10 cents for postage. 
Name. 
R.F.D.I\0.State.. 
You may place my name on the free subscription list of 
‘The Cuttle .Specialist" for one year. 
