1030 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 
WINTERING HORSES IN VIRGINIA. 
I cut and shock my corn when the 
husks on a majority of the ears are turn¬ 
ing brown, put up in large shocks 12 
rows wide and 15 yards long. I go 
through the field first cutting four rows 
in center of space and set up in small 
shock; let this stand and cure out four 
or five days, then cut four rows on each 
side, and set up around it, and tie tight¬ 
ly near the top. This rarely fails to 
give nice bright stover even in our very 
humid climate. As needed for use these 
shocks are taken down, corn husked out 
and stover run through an 11-inch Ross 
cutter set to cut two inches long, and 
driven by a one-horse tread power. We 
aim to cut a week’s supply at once. 
This cut stover is the main dependence 
of our horses from October 1 to March 
1, but for best results must be supple¬ 
mented by about one feed in three of 
some good legume hay. In my case this 
is either nicely cured cow peas or peanut 
vines, either of which I find fills the bill 
perfectly. I also grow Winter oats and 
vetch in combination, but feed most of 
that in Spring and Summer when horses 
are at work. The Winter grain ration of 
my horses is corn almost exclusively, the 
amount fed varying according to the re- 
quirements of different animals, and 
whether at work or idle. Some horses 
require little or no grain when idle. On 
from the heaviest drafters to some stand¬ 
ard bred trotters and pacers, who had 
made good records on the track. I find 
that as a rule the draft bred horses re¬ 
quire less grain than the nervous trot¬ 
ters. j. u. LEWIS. 
Norfolk Co., Va. 
GRADE DURHAMS. 
Grade Durhams were formerly 
through this section of the country the 
principal breed of cattle. There were 
probably few herds which did not have 
in them some strain of Durham; Jersey, 
Holstein or Ayrshire were the chief 
breeds with which they were crossed. 
The Durham, being readily fattened, is 
considered about the best beef breed; 
in fact, is an excellent general purpose 
animal. Crossed with the Jersey, we 
consider them about as satisfactory as 
any breed, this cross producing a good- 
sized animal, one that gives more milk 
than the Jersey, and richer than the 
Durham. Cattle through here used to 
be raised more especially for beef, as 
the facilities were poor for disposing of 
cream and milk. The advent of electric 
cars, however, has been a strong factor 
in the cattle question. The Durham is 
being supplanted more and more by the 
milk breeds, such as the Jersey and 
Holstein. Dairying is carried on more 
extensively, the milk, cream and butter 
THREE GRADE DURHAM CALVES. Fig. 563. 
an average I should say the equivalent 
of four quarts of shelled corn per day 
at two feeds, along with the feeds above 
described, would keep an idle horse in 
good condition. For colts and very old 
horses the corn should* be ground, even 
if it has to be done at the custom mill. 
Horses in their prime can grind their 
own grain. I always feed grain after 
they have eaten a part of their long 
feed. Water about 10 A. M. and again 
just before the evening feeding. 
Now, at the risk of 'severely shocking 
the nerves of the doctors, I will describe 
my method of stabling. Each horse has 
a large box stall. An abundance of clean 
dry bedding is used every day; the ma¬ 
nure is leveled down if necessary, and 
more bedding added to keep it clean and 
dry. Often the manure accumulates 
in this way until it is a foot deep. 
Then when it is convenient it is 
hauled direct to the field and scat¬ 
tered. The tramping of the horses 
prevents heating, and I have never had 
a case of scratches, thrush, or any other 
foot trouble in the 15 years I have been 
following this plan. On the other hand 
I have several times brought bad cases 
of thrush from city stables and had 
them recover in a short time on my 
treatment. Every morning the large 
coarse pieces of cornstalks which the 
horses do not eat are carefully cleaned 
out of the mangers and 'scattered in the 
stalls, and made good absorbents. The 
above treatment is given not only to my 
farm workers, but for the past four 
years I have wintered quite a number of 
city horses, consisting of everything 
being easily shipped to Cleveland, where 
there is always a ready market. The 
illustration, Fig. 563 shows three grade 
Durham calves about five months old. 
Ohio. _ l. H. 
CRIBBING AND WIND-SUCKING’ 
My horse is a black gelding eight years 
of age, and is afflicted with cribbing. The 
cribbing started last Winter, and is accom¬ 
panied by a ravenous appetite. I would 
like your veterinary to give his opinion, 
whether curable or not; if such, what it 
requires? h. 0. E. 
New York. 
There is no cure for confirmed wind¬ 
sucking which goes along with cribbing. 
Temporarily the habit may perhaps be 
prevented, but the animal resumes it as 
soon as given a chance. Place the horse 
in a box stall from which has been re¬ 
moved everything upon which he could 
rest or fix his teeth to practice the habit. 
He may then stop it for a time. It also 
is . usual to buckle a strap fairly tight 
around the neck just back of the throat- 
latch. A better plan is to tie a three- 
eighth s-inch cord to the ring on one side 
of the halter, then pass the free end 
under the upper lip, over gums of in¬ 
cisor teeth, and tie to the opposite ring 
of halter. Pull the cord snug but not 
too tight, before tying it fast. The cord 
causes sufficient discomfort to make the 
horse afraid to crib. The habit is often 
learned by imitation when a young colt 
is confined in idleness beside an adult 
horse that is a confirmed cribber. It 
also is thought that the tendency to the 
habit may be hereditary. It is a trouble¬ 
some habit, and seems usually incurable. 
A. s. A. 
fi 
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