1040 
TH E RU'RAL NEW-VORKER 
December 4 
A MASSACHUSETTS FARM. 
Keynote—A Small Herd of Cows. 
A typical farm of Eastern Massachu¬ 
setts is that of my neighbor B., whose 
business 1 have lately come to observe 
somewhat closely, and as he has favored 
me with the account of the farm debits 
and credits for 1908, and the latter side 
for 1907, I will offer it to the readers 
of The R. N.-Y., many of whom may 
be interested to see the showing of a 
practical farm in our section, 20 miles 
north of Boston. These figures will 
give better than any mere description 
would, an idea of the mixed farming 
that prevails about here, of the crops 
grown and prices realized, and of what 
balance of profit may come, where (as 
in this case) there is industry and good 
business management. The favorable 
showing of la$t year is tribute to what 
can be done on a farm where the prin¬ 
ciple of the “square deal” is followed, 
as it surely is in neighbor B’s business; 
and it is in point to mention that the 
family do not have to limit or pinch 
themselves to succeed, but follow a life 
of breadth and comfort in which 
church, Grange, social and neighborly 
interests are included. That the son 
has been educated for scientific work, 
rather than for succession to the farm, 
is but following the general drift of the 
young men about us. 
The farm consists of 48 acres, and 
about 10 acres of this is pasture (no 
woodland on the place proper), so the 
main business is with the 38 acres left 
for hay, orchards and tillage. About 
eight acres is planted yearly, and some¬ 
thing more than an acre given to straw¬ 
berries. The orcharding takes but little 
ground, the apple trees being along the 
wall bounding the fields, and but a half 
acre being given to peaches. Two 
horses, nine cows and one hundred 
hens comprise the stock kept on the 
p'ace. One man for help is usually kept 
in Winter, and two in the Summer. 
The farm lies upon a large, flat hill, 
favoring good drainage naturally, and 
the whole soil is strong and moist, sel¬ 
dom affected by drought. Excellent 
roads connect with Boston market, 19 
miles away; Lowell, seven miles, and 
railroad two miles, while the electric 
road connecting these cities and the 
village nearby is but one-eighth mile 
from the house. So much for the facili¬ 
ties for farm and home activities. \ T ow 
let us see the figures of the year’s in¬ 
come and expenditure. This js strictly 
a farm showing, though there is another 
credit of produce used by the family 
not reckoned in. 
FARM CR., 1908. 
Received from sale of— 
Apples, 125 bushels. 
Beans, 116% bushels (in pods).. 
Beets, 41% bushels. 
Cabbage, 148 barrels. 
Carrots, 115 bushels. 
Cauliflower, 593 bushels.. 
Sweet corn. 154 bushels and 30a 
dozen . 
Three cows and nine calves. 
Cucumbers, 49 bushels. 
Eggs, 941 dozen. 
Grapes. 1(4 bushels. 
Hay, 10755 pounds. 
Milk. 2,750 cans and 1,137 quarts 
Onions, 115 bushels. 
Pasture . 
Poaches. 318 baskets. 
Pears, 8 bushels. 
Peas, % bushel. 1 
Potatoes, 35 bushels. 
Poultry . 
Squash, 53 barrels... 
Strawberries, 1,271 quarts...... 
Tomatoes, ripe, 264 bushels; 
green, 27 bushels. 
$104.21 
154.10 
26.45 
120.53 
57.50 
282.95 
115.30 
116.75 
23.95 
240.20 
1.40 
96.73 
945.14 
93.78 
15.00 
198.00 
4.98 
.63 
34.20 
5966 
34.50 
140.26 
111.72 
Receipts 
Expenses 
. . .$2,977.94 
... 1,830.52 
Net receipts, 
Mr. B. . . 
pay for time of 
. ...$1,147.42 
FARM DR., 1908. 
Paid for— 
Cows .;. 
Fertilizer (mostly chemical). 
Labor . 
Feed . 
Grain . 
Market expense and commission.. 
Pasturage . 
Tools and repairs. 
Taxes, insurance and interest on 
capital ..... 
$ 110.00 
148.10 
369.87 
27.70 
696.30 
91.82 
10.00 
153.57 
223.16 
$1,830.52 
FARM, CR., 1907. 
Received from sale of— 
Apples, 70 bushels. 
Beans. 84 bushels (in pods) 
Beets, 38 bushels. 
Cabbags, 150 barrels. 
Carrots, 70 bushels. 
Cauliflower, 350 bushels... 
Celery, 19 dozen bunches... 
Sweet corn. 278 bushels.... 
Two cows and 5 calves.... 
Cucumbers . 
Eggs . 
Hav . 
Milk . 
Onions, 162 boxes. 
Pasturage . 
Pears . 
Pumpkins, 15 bushels. 
Potatoes, eight bushels. 
Poultry . 
Red cabbage, five bushels... . 
Squash, 17 barrels. 
Strawberries^ . 
Tomatoes, 170 bushels. 
$48.25 
83.60 
25.34 
162.20 
41.30 
264.00 
11.50 
228.95 
6105 
13.00) 
210.13 
93.18 
1,080.00 
155.90 
22.00 
6.00 
7.85 
^7.45 
75.8 • 
4.75 
23.15 
500.00 
143-54 
$3,258.95 
From this account for 1908, we see a 
balance of $1,147.42 as amount received 
by neighbor B. for his year’s work; 
while in addition he has had all pro¬ 
duce of the farm used by the family. 
The sum of receipts for 1907 being 
nearly $300 more than for 1908, would 
make as favorable a balance probable— 
though the expenses. were not kept for 
that season. The returns from straw¬ 
berries in 1907 are larger by an amount 
that explains the difference in receipts 
that year and in 1908. The dry weather 
at berry time in 1908 shortened their 
yield seriously, though other crops on 
the p’ace generally did well that year 
for all the drought. 
Mr. B. believes in a variety of crops 
as an insurance against loss in case 
some make a poor yield, or, what is 
more likely, the price for certain crops 
in market rules too low for profit. He 
follows no special plan of rotation ex¬ 
cept that of following grass by the 
hoed crops in his list of products; 
usually plants a field two years, and 
then re-seeds it again to grass. A 
piece of tough sward he likes to turn 
over and plant first to corn for fodder, 
and so subdues the witch grass that is 
abundant in our strong soils; and makes 
cultivation much easier for following 
crops. Manure he broadcasts and 
plows under, and uses chemical fertiliz¬ 
ers in the hill or drill. He has used 
floats for several years in his stable to 
mix with the manure, and believe it is 
a paying practice. Were he to begin 
his farming over again, he says, he 
would plan for more orcharding; but 
this would leave his place less typical 
than it now is of the farms of Eastern 
Massachusetts, on the border of the 
market garden district about Boston. 
E. F. DICKINSON, 
Little Willie— “Say pa, what is the 
difference between a farmer and an ag¬ 
riculturist?” Pa: “A farmer, my son, 
makes his money on a farm and spends 
it in the city; an agriculturist makes 
his money in the city and spends it on 
a farm.”'—Chicago Daily News. 
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