1909 
the: rural new-yorkrr 
1085 
STONE DRAINS. 
There are two sides to most questions. 
The silo farmer may sneer at the dairy¬ 
man who feeds dry stalks. The incuba¬ 
tor farmer may look down on the chick¬ 
en man who uses setting hens. I exnect 
that the tile farmer will hardly listen to 
my stone drain remarks. Yet some 
might well pause and consider. I will 
admit that I have a flat where it is a 
dream of the future to install a thor¬ 
ough system of tile drainage. Then I 
have some rough hilly land with plenty 
of flat stones handy where it seems to 
me wise to put in stone drains. How 
long will they last? I know of stone 
drains that have been in commission 50 
years—and others that filled with silt in 
less than ten. But I also know why. 
The throat was not properly laid, ditch 
was filled with stones too near the sur¬ 
face, and the outlet was allowed to be¬ 
come stopped up. Says one: “It is 
cheaper to put in tile because there is 
less digging.” But for a stone drain the 
ditch should only be shovel wide. One 
can lay a throat nearly as fast as tile, 
cost of tile is saved and stones put out 
of the way. 
A four-legged stool will not stand 
solidly on uneven ground, but a three- 
legged stool will. This principle is ap¬ 
plied in building a throat. The wrong 
way to do it is shown below in A. 
Here the flat cover stone may not rest 
A B 
TWO STYLES OF STONE DRAIN. Fig. 588. 
evenly on the four side stones or lead¬ 
ers. In time the running water will un¬ 
dermine some of the leaders, which are 
liable to tip over into the throat and 
clog the ditch. The correct way to do it 
is shown at B. The flat cover stone 
holds the “leader” in place in spite of 
undermining, and the leader cannot fall 
into the throat. After putting on cover 
stones break joints with other flat stones. 
This will prevent the ends of cover 
stones from slipping down into the 
throat. Chink up carefully with small 
stones not over a foot deep: then put 
on a layer of straw and fill to the sur¬ 
face with IS inches or two feet of dirt. 
The great danger to stone drains is 
that surface water will find its way to 
the throat in streams which soon carry 
in enough refuse to ruin the drain. As 
a further precaution against this it is 
well to dig the ditch a little to one side 
of the lowest place. A stone drain with 
a.stream of water over it on the surface 
is an invitation to trouble. Several de¬ 
vices for grading the bottom of ditches 
have been explained in The R. N.-Y. 
from time to time. I generally see the 
water running from end to end of the 
open ditch before stoning it up, and feel 
satisfied that if it will run in the bottom 
of the open ditch it will do the same 
when the ditch is filled. The tools re¬ 
quired are a long-handled round-pointed 
shovel, pick and hoe. The hoe beats 
everything for cleaning out bottom of 
ditch. Scrape the dirt along a few feet 
and then throw out with shovel. After 
ditch is completed keep your eye on it. 
Keep lower end open, and don’t let 
streams run in from the surface.. 
Oswego Co., N. Y. geo. m. coe. 
Lime for Lrass and Cauliflower. 
J. R. B., Calverton, N. Y.—1. I have a 
piece of oat stubble, very loose soil, seeded 
to clover, Timothy and Red-top. The 
ground has been cleared) of wood several 
years. Would you advise spreading a cuat 
of lime on it this Winter, and let l ing land 
lie two or three years for hay? If so how 
much lime per acre? 2. I have another 
piece of grass land on which I expect to 
spread a coat of stable manure and plow 
in the Spring for cauliflower. If I put 
on lime, also, will it destroy the manure, 
and/ to what extent? 
Ans. — 1 . If the grass is good we 
should let it stand for two or three 
years. Lime spread on the surface will 
This Engine Will Run 
in the Arctic! 
Clamps to Any 
Pump by Four . 
Simple Nuts ^ 
Cannot Freeze or Overheat 
IT’S RUHNIWG IN LABRADOR RIGHT NOW! 
This non-freezing engine meets the widespread demand for 
% cheap portable power in WINTER. Runs at 50 degrees be- 
low zero or 100 In the shade with equal ease and power! 
• Y It’s a NEW INVENTION, yet so far has its fame extended 
As that already it is in use in Labrador, in South Africa and 
other distant lands. 
)A COMPLETE AND PERFECT POWER PLANT 
No Belts! No Shafts! No Anchor Posts! No Towers! 
The engine is different from anything ever known. An air-cooled 
engine of tho moat highly-perfected design, without fans or cool¬ 
ing attachments. Complete In Itself, requiring no special plat¬ 
form. no belts, no arms, no shafts, no anchor posts, no pump 
jacks, no towers. Ready to run inside of 15 minutes after 
delivery! Tank holds a full day’s supply of gasoline. Starts or 
stops instantly and needs no attention while running. 
Free Book Tells All About the Wonderful 
FULLER & JOHNSON 
Farm Pump Engine 
Pumps 800 to 1,000 Gallons Per Hour! 
This engine is absolutely supreme among engines designed for 
pumping. It fits any standard pump. Works in any woll. Provides 
on abundanco of pure, fresh water for stock or domestic water 
supply systems. 
Just the Thing for a Little Workshop— 
Runs All Sorts of Light Machinery 
The engine has a 4-inch pulley for running hand-power machinery, 
be quickly detached from pump and carried wherever needed. 
It can 
this brings the catalog \ Fuller & Johnson High-Powered Engines 
■ 
* 
3 
\ FULLER & JOHNSON MFG. CO., 
567 Ann St. Madison, Wis. 
These mighty engines are tho supreme achievement in gaso¬ 
line engineering. Built in sizes from 3 to 18 H. P. inclusive 
—for stationary or portable work. “Open Water Jacket’* 
type— non-freezing- and trouble-proof. Most easily 
managed engines in the world! 
give slow returns, and we doubt if you 
will be satisfied with results. The right 
way to.use lime is to harrow it into the 
upper soil. 2. Lime does not “destroy 
manure.” It hastens the decay of or¬ 
ganic matter, and makes chemical 
changes which drive off ammonia in the 
form of a gas. This ammonia is the 
most valuable part of the manure, and 
when lime is put with it the change takes 
place. If the two are mixed above 
ground the ammonia is mostly lost. If 
mixed in the soil most of it will be held 
where the crops will get it. Your best 
plan will be to plow the manure under 
and then spread the lime on the surface 
and harrow it in. With the crops grow¬ 
ing in the soil little if anv of the am¬ 
monia will be lost. We should use at 
least one ton of lime. This refers to 
burned lime. The ground limestone 
would not act to drive off the ammonia 
to any great extent, but its action under 
these conditions would be much slower. 
Planting Fruit Trees at Odd Places. 
When I came into this farm there 
were a number of places where only 
thorns and briars were growing. This 
was mostly at places where it is not con¬ 
venient to plow, such as at small but 
steep hillsides where the fields meet the 
meadows. We have quite a few such 
stretches of hills. Right at the foot of 
these hills it is always moist and rich 
soil. Now I have cleaned the brush 
away, which did look unsightly, and 
planted apple trees and some grapevines 
at these places. Instead of looking un¬ 
sightly it now looks really pretty, and 
also that ground is bringing larger re¬ 
turns than the nice land alongside. 
C. R. B. 
Fumigating an Attached Greenhouse. 
I would like to suggest to S. S. C., 
page 1027, that when he attaches a green¬ 
house to his dwelling, he has a problem 
which he will do well to solve before he 
builds, and that is how to keep the to¬ 
bacco smoke and smell out of his house 
when he fumigates. If there is the 
slightest crevice or crack the smoke will 
find it, and while I do not say that it 
cannot be done, I would like to have 
him write his experience to The R. N.- 
Y. after he tries it. This feature I never 
have seen alluded to in print except as 
one of the penalties of having a con¬ 
servatory so constructed, and I have had 
some very unpleasant experience in this 
connection, and have listened to com¬ 
plaints where every precaution had been 
taken. F. c. C. 
“Don’t you know, little boy, that it is 
wrong to try to shoot your neighbors’ 
cats?” “I got to, ma’am. Maw won’t 
let me pizen ’em.”—Chicago Tribune. 
f. Farm Pump I 1 Horizontal i i 5 
j Engine Hook— | | Engine Book— I I J 
[Cheek tho book you want.) 
d 
a Name _ j 
a $ 
$ 0 
J Town ___ State _ J 
* 
2 Dealer's Name _ _ J 
___- 
How to Get a Fuller & Johnson Engino 
Fill out and mail the Coupon for Free Engino Book and name 
of nearest Fuller & Johnson Engine Dealer. DO IT NOW! ^ 
DEAEERS—Write for the Agency! Onlv one , 
dealer appointed in a town. Act quickly, or you will miss a 
great opportunity. Address at once— (29) 
Established 1840. 
567 Ann St. Madison, WIs. 
ARE YOU A PLUMBER? look for 
And a Steam Fitter and a Machinist? 
If so, you can keep an ordinary gasoline engine running 
part of the time,—unless you forget to drain it and have 
a freeze up! That puts it out of commission. 
Pull 
30 Days’ 
FREE 
TRIAL 
m naMM f air cooled 
is not an ordinary engine,and an ordinary man can get a 
full day’s work out of it every day in the year. No water,no 
tanks, no pipes, no packing, nothing to freeze up or leak. n D > II n 
WRITE US FOR CATALOG NO. 5. THIS BRAND 
The Only Air Cooled Engine THE NeW-Wa YNmBCOMPANY our Rmi M ST 
Guaranteed for all Work. L AH Si ns, MicmeAH. US.A. ontnlUAIT 51. 
With This All-Steel 
Triple-Power 
Your Stumps 
Hercules Stump Puller 
No excuse for stumpy fields. This Hercules Is now sold on 30 days’ 
Free Trial. Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps out, roots 
and all. 400$ stronger than any other puller made. Triple power 
attachment means one-third greater pull. The only stump puller 
guaranteed for 3 years. Only one with Double Safety Ratchets, 
Only one with all bearings and working parts turned, finished and 
machined, reducing friction, increasing power, making It ex¬ 
tremely light-running. Hitch on to any stump and the 
STUMP IS BOUND TO COME 
Also pulls largest-sized green trees, hedgerows, etc. Don’t risk danger¬ 
ous and costly dynamite. It only shatters stump and leaves roots In 
ground. Save big money; get our pnirir RftflKtt and free trial 
offer. Also special proposition to r first buyers 
where we have no agents. Write us a postal card today. Address 
MANUFACTURING CO.. 130 17tli Street. CENTERVILLE, IOWA 
Est. 1357 Inc. 1903 
Quaker City Grinding Mills 
A. G. Straub Co., 3737 Filbert St 
Philadelphia, Pa 
