1000. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1115 
THE AYRSHIRE COW. 
C. M. Winslow, secretary of the Ayr¬ 
shire Breeders’ Association, lias done 
much to helii Ayrshires. Mr. Winslow 
lives in the “Bashful State,” and it can¬ 
not he said that he tries to “boom” his 
favorite cow as some other breeds have 
been serenaded. What he says is sensi¬ 
ble and impressive: 
One hopeful feature of the breed is that 
she has built herself up on nil lines of 
dairy utility In dairy conformation and 
dairy lines of beauty, and the Ayrshire 
cow stands to-day unique among the dairy 
breeds, with no aristocracy of family dis¬ 
tinction, but maintains her popularity from 
her individual and breed qualities. While 
there are minor differences in her appear¬ 
ance, under different breeders, and in dif¬ 
ferent countries, the Ayrshire is an Ayrshire 
wherever found, and shows the same strong 
breed characteristics, of shapely udder, 
strong constitution, and vigorous appetite, 
shows herself to he a great dairy cow under 
any and all conditions, and carries the type 
of the breed in her every act. 
In Scotland, In Canada and in the States 
she has been bred not: for family booms, or 
individual phenomenal excellencies, but all 
along the lino she has been pushed as a 
breed of uniformly dairy superiority. This 
Is, 1 believe, greatly to her advantage, and 
greatly to the advantage of till purchasers of 
Ayrshire cows, for the uniformity of her 
dairy excellence makes all buyers pleased 
with their purchases and maintains the 
general good name of the Ayrshire cow. 
In studying the results of the testing for 
advanced registry the two facta are strongly 
brought out that there is great uniformity 
In the breed in production at the pall, and, 
while we cannot boast of any world beater 
in one or two individual cows, we rejoice 
in the fact that there are none very poor, 
the general run being from good fair cows 
lo very superior ones. 
Not long ago we received the follow¬ 
ing letter: 
I have a herd of fair to good grade cows, 
from which i would like to raise better 
stock by buying a purebred bull. My object 
is butter and beef, and I would like to 
know the best breed of bull to buy. I 
would replace herd with pttrebreds, but can¬ 
not afford it, as I am merely keeping the 
stock to get my land in shape for fruit 
and potatoes. L. u. J. 
Orleans Co., N. V. 
For a combinatiQn dairy and meat cow 
it would be hard to beat the Ayrshire. 
Jerseys or Guernseys will give more but¬ 
ter—if you can get the right “family.” 
Short-horns or Angus will give more 
meat and Holsteins more milk, but for 
the combination, Ayrshires will fill the 
hill. As Mr. Winslow says, they arc 
quite uniform in character, not varying 
between very good and very poor as 
some breeds do. As for records, 45 
cows show an average of 8,059 pounds 
milk and 411 pounds butter in a year. 
Five herds of 25 cows each averaged 
10,6:14 pounds milk and 428 pounds but¬ 
ter, and one herd of five averaged 11,562 
pounds milk and 538 pounds butter. 
CLEAN AND WHOLESOME MILK. 
In The New York Market. 
Some weeks ago prizes were offered for 
the best essay on the above subject with 
least cost considered. The prizes offered 
were good cows of an approved breed, and 
the essays were to be written l»y practical 
dairymen. The New York Board of Health 
had charge of the contest, and we have 
obtained copies of the first and second 
prize articles. The lirst prize winner fol¬ 
lows : 
The selection and breeding of dairy cows 
plays an important part in lowering the 
cost of production and increasing the yield. 
The average yield of milk per eow over 
New York State Is about 4,500 pounds a 
year. Anyone familiar with the price of 
milk and feed knows that a cow giving 
4,500 pounds of milk a year gives a small 
compensation to the dairymen for labor. 
By careful selection and breeding, Hit- yield 
can be increased to 7,000 or 8,000 pounds 
n year per cow In a very few years. The 
dairymen of the past and a good majority 
at the present have paid too little attention 
to this important subject, by breeding (heir 
cows to scrub sires, lowering, instead of 
raising tlie milk production. It Is not neces¬ 
sary to have all purebred cattle in order 
to have a good-looking breed or a profitable 
herd. The old saying that “blood will tell," 
is a true one, and we all know It, whether 
we heed it or not, in our practice. There 
are certain limitations and certain laws lo 
which we must conform if we arc to suc¬ 
ceed. To use a Jersey sire one year; the 
next, a Holstein, and probably some other 
kind, or no kind at all at another time, 
will never give us a uniform dairy, either 
in appeararfee or production. 
In the selection of your purebred sire, 
remember that the sire is "half the herd,” 
and do not stop for a few extra dollars in 
cost, but get (lie best you possibly can. 
Many men are satisfied if they can buy a. 
registered calf, and the registration Is about 
all they get. It docs not make a sire better 
.because he is registered. Hive more at¬ 
tention to the dairy ability of bis dam than 
you do the color of his hair, being sure 
that he comes from a good producing fam¬ 
ily. Take care of the sire and feed him 
well. Do not use a sire before one year 
old, and then not too much, and give him 
plenty of exercise. Whore possible and 
practicable, the sire may be purchased joint¬ 
ly. which will lower its cost individually. 
When you get a good sire, keep him. and 
if (In' use of liiin strengthens your belief 
in him, continue to use him just, as long 
as you can possibly tiso him to any ad¬ 
vantage. You can safely breed each sire 
to bis own heifers if they are strong and 
vigorous, but when it comes to the breed¬ 
ing of the grand-daughter, you should select 
another sire of the same breed and of the 
siime family. Breed the heifers to freshen 
at 2 years of age. continue to milk tier 
12 months, and have her freshen the sec¬ 
ond time at four years of age, and. if she 
she been properly reared, she will begin 
to give her maximum yield. She should 
have from four to six weeks’ rest before 
freshening. 
Feeds and feeding of the dairy herd is 
of the most importance in this study of 
economic milk production. Anyone can 
feed an animal well as to nourishment, if 
they take no thought of the cost of the 
ration, but it requires some study to feed 
well and cheaply. To produce milk econom¬ 
ically, wc should use the roughage of our 
farms, wherever it Is possible, for, by so 
doing, we not only save the labor of haul¬ 
ing bulky materials, but will also build up 
the fertility of our land. If we must buy 
feed, let it be concentrates, and such ma¬ 
terials that are high in protein and car¬ 
bohydrates. The silo should be an im¬ 
portant consideration In the production of 
cheap milk. Corn silage in the silo costs 
from to $2.60 per ton, and this in¬ 
cludes all expenses, such as rent of land, 
titling the ground, planting and caring for 
the crops, cutting and putting in the silo. 
If the silage costs twice this amount, it 
would be a cheap food and bard to dupli¬ 
cate on any farm. Corn silage is one of the 
best feeds obtainable to balance Alfalfa and 
clover bay In Winter, and substitute pasture 
In Summer. There should be some kind of 
supplementary crops grown to help out 
when the pastures get past their best, and 
by doing this, you will tind that what grain 
is used will do all the more good. Planting 
liberally of such crops, you can cure for 
Winter, or store In the* silo what is not 
needed as a soiling crop. Corn and millet 
are excellent, and some succeed well with 
oats and pirns, and you will llncl yourself 
repaid for the extra care and labor. The 
grain ration should be made up so far an 
possible with farm-grown grains, but it is 
often wise to buy such feeds as bran, 
COtton-seed meal and oil meal. The grain 
should be balanced in food nutrients the 
same as the roughage, so that large or small 
amounts of grain may be fed and yet pre¬ 
serve a balance in the ration. 
We should know all of our cows, and their 
cbaracleristlcs and individualities. Feed 
that which the animal cun use in a dairy 
way. that is, what it can take without gain¬ 
ing in llcsli, but retaining the body weight, 
or even losing if the animal be in high 
tlesli at freshening time. It pays to feed 
well, for it is poor economy to run this 
cow machine below capacity. Always re¬ 
member ibis, that the food required for 
body maintenance Is tin* same whether the 
cow produces a large or small amount of 
milk, but if feed be only enough to keep 
her body, we cannot expect much milk. 
Economic milk production can only come 
from cows of large capacity that are well 
fed. After you get your herd cither by 
selection or by breeding and have fed and 
cared for them well, you have not done your 
full duty until you adopt a plan that will 
tell you bow many good cows you have and 
which ones they are. Whether you breed 
your cows or buy them, you are not going 
to get them all good the lirst time, but you 
must he continually weeding out the tin 
profitable ones. Many of our dairymen will 
object to keeping account with their cows. 
They say it is too much trouble and costs 
too ‘much, and that the cows will not give 
any more because their milk is weighed, but 
it will cost more not to do it. Weighing 
and testing a cow’s milk may not make 
her give more, or better milk, but it may 
cause you to put a better one in her place 
and increase the yield per cow. Weigh each 
cow’s milk at every milking, keep a record 
of il the year through, and it will be most 
surprising to dairymen that have never 
done this. Any person with the least 
ability at all can carry out weighing and 
testing experiments. Of course, it takes a 
little time, and some one who is interested 
must oversee il. There are several draw¬ 
backs, but the advantages outnumber the 
disadvantages. These are the facts, hut it 
is a fact: that many farmers do not weigh 
and test their milk. In recent, years, an 
important feature in dairy development has 
been in the formation of cow-testing asso¬ 
ciations. tin' chief purpose of which is to 
see that the amount and quality of milk 
given, and feed consumed by each cow are 
recorded. This would be costly for the 
individual, but by co-operation the cost to 
the individual would be slight and within 
his means. To accomplish this, each asso¬ 
ciation engages an assistant to carry out 
the work. These assistants visit the farms 
at regular intervals each month to weigh 
and lest the milk. The dairymen keep ac¬ 
count of weighing the milk and feed con¬ 
sumed between visits. At the end of the 
year, the assistants prepare their reports, 
and the weeding process can begin. 
These regulations cover the essentials of 
clean and wholesome ntilk production, and 
are such as can be adopted without con¬ 
siderable expense to the dairymen: 
1. Tight stable floors must be provided, 
preferably of conical construction, provided 
with a gutter immediately behind the cows. 
2. Proper ventilation of stables, pro¬ 
visions for 600 cubic feet of air for each 
cow and four square feet of window area 
per eow, windows may be very cheaply con¬ 
structed of muslin instead of glass. 
That the walls, ceilings and floors be 
kept clean, and that the stable be white¬ 
washed throughout at least twice a year. 
4. That the stable be cleaned daily, and 
the manure hauled direct to Helds. 
6. That the cows be kept clean, no ac¬ 
cumulations of manure upon their Hanks, 
sides, udders and tails. 
0. That the milking be done with clean, 
dry hands. 
7. That the milk palls be clean and 
sterilized by boiling water. A narrow-top 
milk pail should be used. 
8. That a milk-house should be built, If 
one is not already built, not to be attached 
to any other building, lighted and ventilated. 
9. That the milk be removed at once 
from the stable to the milk house and 
cooled to a temperature ol’ 60 degrees. 
10. That the milk be placed in clean 
vessels and kept cool until delivered. 
11. That no person having an infectious 
disease or coining In contact with a person 
having infectious disease, be allowed to milk 
the emvs or in any way handle the milk. 
12. That the milk be delivered to station 
on a spring wagon and always cover cans 
with clean canvas. 
There can be no true dairy progress for 
the dairyman until he lias recognized fully 
and squarely the importance of brain work. 
He needs, in the lirst place, abundant knowl¬ 
edge of all the forces he is dealing with : 
second, lie needs to have that knowledge 
arranged in practical shape, so he can get 
at It. and use it immediately when needed. 
Then lie needs energy and skill to carry 
out that knowledge. lie needs more knowl¬ 
edge of the principles of soil, plant and 
animal lift' that he is dealing with each 
day, and better knowledge of sound busi¬ 
ness methods: therefore, it is imperative 
for the present-day dairyman to secure the 
best dairy literature obtainable if he wishes 
to lit' a successful and respected citizen. 
Broome Co., N. Y. j, \. m.i.kn. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
I t. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
"a square deal." See guarantee page 10. 
Would You? 
Would you buy 40 to 60 milk pails 
just because someone with pails tosell 
said vou needed that many to milk a 
cow ? Certainly not I 
Would you buy or bother with an 
old style cream separator, with 40 to 
ust because 
someone 
with that 
kind of nia- 
chinctosell 
said you 
needed 
disks? We 
think not! 
POSIT! VBI.T ALT. TITF.RE IS 
TO TUB STMPI.K S1IA lll'I.E.H 
DAIRY T CHULA 11 BOWL 
Sharpies Dairy Tubulars are The World’s 
Best Cream Separators—and have no con¬ 
traptions. Twice the skimming force. Fast¬ 
est, cleanest skimming. Easiest running. 
Most durable. Sales exceed most, if uotall, 
others combined. Probably replace more 
common separators every year than any one 
maker of such machines sells. World’s big¬ 
gest separator factory. Branch factories in 
Canada and Germany. These facts prove 
co n t rap- 
tions are 
not needed. 
Write for 
Catalogue 
No. l&J. 
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 
WEST CUK8TER, PA. 
Chicago, 111., Nun FrniicWo.Oul., Portland, Ore., 
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Cun, 
SAVE YOUR HIDES 
Send them to us and have a robe,coal, cap or 
anything else desired, made to order. No 
matter where you live, wc pay the freight 
on hides to be made into robes and coats. 
Tanning warranted moth-proof and not to 
harden. Write for full particulars —it means 
money to you. 
JOHN FIGVED ROBE & TANNING CO. 
2945 Forest Home Ave. Milwnukee, Wis. 
Death to Heaves Guaranteed 
Or Money Refunded. 
NEWTON’S 
llcnvc. Cough and 
IIIM r in per C ii re. 
$1.00 per can ntdoulern, 
or express paid. IS years' 
sale. Send for booklet. 
Horse Troubles. 
THE NK.WTON Ut.MKDY CO.. Toledo. Ohio. 
5AVE-THE-H0R5E SPAVIN CURE 
REG. TRADE M4RH 
i rm oo * 
y bine 
il f-ro 
* from 
bottle, with written 
binding guarantee, bend 
fur copy, book lot and Utter* 
_ from InmlnciM mm and 
trainers. Permanently cure* spavint t, 
Thoroughuin* , Ringbone a, (except ___ 
low), CVrof, Splints, fHndpuJf, »V hoa Kail, «ijurtd Tendon a and itllM 
Lament**, No dear or lota of hair. Home works as usual. Dealers or ex-1 
l.N, yJ 
MB 
VrM<p*ld. Troy Chemical Company, Binghamton, 
’S SPAVIN 
CURE 
The Remedy You 
Gan Depend Upon 
No other preparation lias done as much 
for the horse and horsemen. Kendall’s 
has saved millions of dollars in horse 
values for thousands of owners during the 
past 40 years. It is the quick, sure, safe, 
dependable remedy for 
Spayin, Ringbone, Curb, 
Splint, Swellings, Cuts, 
Bruises, all Lameness 
$1 a Bottle—May Save Hundreds 
CURES SPAVINS, CURBS, SPRAINS, 
MAKES CHEAP HORSES VALUABLE 
Gnlicn, Mich., Jan. 6,1909. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co. 
Dear Sirs: I hesitate no longer in buying 
horses with Spavins or Curbs, in fact with blemishes of 
any kind, for I know what your medicine will do. I always 
make a handsome profit buying such horses cheaply, cure 
them up with your medicine, add sell them for a grand 
price. Your Medicine can't be beaten. 
Respectfully yours, JOS. HAAS, (R. R. No. 2) 
WONDERFUL FOR MAN AND BEAST 
1317A Kentucky Ave., St. Louis, Mo., Apr. 23,1909. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co.. lCnosburg Falls. Vt. 
Dear Sirs: In regard to your Spavin Cure. I must say 
that it is one. of the best medicines that was ever put on the 
market for sale. / have been using it for the last three years 
in my stable, and find it one of the best I ever tried for every 
kind of lameness or sore, ft is a wonderful remedy for man 
or beast. I advertise your remedy every time 1 have a 
chance, because I know what it will do. 
Yours truly, HUGO KING. 
ALSO FAMOUS AS A FAMILY REMEDY 
Accidents will happen and the greatest “First aid to the injured” is the old standby, Kendall’s Liniment. Sold by 
druggists everywhere at $.1 a bottle, 6 for $5. Prepare today for the emergency of tomorrow. Stop at the drug¬ 
gist sand be sure you get Kendall's. Ask for a copy of “A Treatise on the Horse and His Diseases,” or write direct to 
DR. B. J. KENDALL COMPANY, 
ENOSBURG FALLS, VT. 
