49 
linos. 
WORK OF A HOT AIR ENGINE. 
j II. S., on page 936, would like to 
know about hot-air engines. I have had 
one in use for about 10 years. The work 
of mine is to raise water from creek to 
elevated tank, total raise 55 feet, suction 15 
feet, force 40 feet. To start it I put a few 
kindlings in furnace, throw on a little kero¬ 
sene, touch a match, and in about three 
minutes put on three stove sho\els of nut 
or pea coal, and leave it for 15 minutes, or 
till the coal is glowing: then pull the fly¬ 
wheel over one turn, prime the pump, oil the 
hearings and let it run till the fire goes 
down and tank is full, 35 barrels, which 
takes about one hour. My engine has not 
cost me one dollar repairs in 10 years, and 
uses about four quarts of coal to pump 35 
barrels 55 feet high, the cheapest power I 
know of. B. P. 
Coopers Tlains, N. Y. 
There is a 100-foot well on this place, 
and the water is pumped by a hot-air engine 
from this well and is forced up hill to a 
cistern, which supplies the house running 
water, bath room and hot water boiler. It 
has never failed. As for how long it takes 
to start it that depends on the fireman. 
I can start it in 10 minutes,’ or just as soon 
as you get a bed of redhot coals. L. h. b. 
Towaco, N. .1. 
Our well has a depth of 80 feet, but dur¬ 
ing the Winter the water stands within 
10 feet of the surface, and we raise this 
water to a 50-barrel capacity tank elevated 
20 feet above the pump bed. We at first 
used a gasoline engine for doing this work, 
but this was rather expensive power, cost¬ 
ing about one-half cent per barrel of water 
raised, and the engine occasionally got out 
of order, and gave some trouble. We now 
use a 'hot-air pumping engine, and a more 
reliable or cheaper power no one need wish 
for. There being absolutely no valves 
about the engine and no high pressure de¬ 
veloped the possibility of its getting out 
of order is extremely remote. This engine 
has a fireplace eight inches square, and 
is arranged to burn coal or wood. About 
15 minutes are required to get up a hot 
enough fire to enable the engine to pump 
into the tank, but it will raise the water 
to the surface of the ground in about five 
minutes after the fire has been started. 
About five hours are required in which to 
fill the tank, and about 16 pounds of anthra¬ 
cite coal are consumed in this time. The 
only attention that the engine requires after 
it has been started is a few minutes once 
an hour in which to replenish the fire. 
These engines are made in sizes of five 
inches to 10 inches diameter cylinders, and 
the extreme vertical height at which the 
10 inch size may be depended on to do sat¬ 
isfactory work is 160 feet. The 10 inch 
engine will raise the water from 135 feet 
below the surface and the other sizes to a 
height in about the proportion to the squares 
of the cylinder diameters. Where the water 
stands within 28 feet or less of the surface 
and flows into the well as fast as pumped 
out. a suction pump may be used, and all the 
working parts placed above the surface of 
the ground. This facilitates repairs, and 
enables one to give these parts the atten¬ 
tion they require to keep them in perfect 
working condition. These engines cannot be 
used for any other purpose than pumping, 
but for this they are the ideal power. 
Riugtown, Pa. h. a. b. 
I have had a hot-air engine of 10 inches 
cylinder for about 10 years. It has been 
used about every 10 days during that time, 
delivering about 1,000 gallons of water each 
time, drawing water about eight feet and 
forcing same through 1 !4 inch pipe a dis¬ 
tance of 800 feet, and a height of 120 feet. 
It can be started in five minutes with a 
quick fire when pipe is empty, and from 
10 to 15 minutes when pipe is full, whole 
time required to fill tank about three hours, 
with attention to fire about every half hour, 
and one big armful of dry oak wood. With 
proper care and no particular skill there 
will be practically no expense for repairs, 
except a nominal one for new packings for 
piston and pump. It is simple 1 and reliable. 
I have never heard of any hot-air engine 
being made for any other purpose than 
pumping. They are made for both shallow 
and deep wells, and are rated by the size 
of the cylinder and not by horse power. Tell 
the manufacturer what you want the pump 
to do, and they will recommend the proper 
size. I believe it is economy to get one 
rather more powerful than is actually 
needed, the small increase of first cost being 
in my judgment more than made up in the 
long run by the decrease in wear and tear. 
North Carolina. E. 1 *. d. 
ALL SORTS. 
To Sweeten a I'ork Barrel. —Get about 
one pound of Timothy hay. put it into 
the barrel, take out the bung in bottom 
of the barrel, and place a shovelful of live 
coals on a piece of bark or a large chip, 
anything to keep coals from tin* ground. 
Next turn barrel mouth down over coals, 
having the hay so tin* fire will Ignite it. 
I.et hay burn very slowly : just blaze up a 
little‘ onCe iii si wfiile to keep It frfim 1 
TIME RURAL 
going out; Y'ou will have to give a little 
vent under mouth of barrel, closing vent 
whenever the hay gets to burning too hard. 
If the burning is properly done the barrel 
will not be charred, and the old brine con¬ 
tained in wood of barrel will all boil out 
of the end of the staves, and when that is 
accomplished the barrel will be as sweet 
as new, but will give the meat packed in 
it a smoky flavor, not quite so strong as 
some like bacon. j. a. 
Michigan. 
A Balky Horse. —It is easier to train 
a colt to pull true than to cure a chronic 
balker. 1 hardly think it possible to cure 
the worst cases. What will work on one 
will be found to be of little value for some 
other cases. Some will pull by their tails 
tied fast to the singletree. Try putting 
the harness on in stall and hitch a single¬ 
tree to the balker with a rope to go to a 
pulley near the floor and through another 
high up on beam of stable. Then attach a 
weight to the end so that the horse will 
have to pull up the weight when he goes 
up to the manger to eat. Light weight at 
first and increase as your judgment dic¬ 
tates. w. s. s. 
Illinois. 
More About Manure Spreaders. —There 
has been a great deal of inquiry in the 
agricultural papers the past year in regard 
to manure spreaders. After much persua¬ 
sion from the maker I was induced to buy 
a wagon-box spreader. I spread 150 tons 
of manure with it. party on hilly and 
partly on level ground. It does excellent 
work. It is light and strong. It will work 
on any farm wagon with the reach extend¬ 
ing to the front axle. I used it with three 
horses part of the time as I had a heavy 
hill to reach the field in which I was 
spreading. j. a. e. 
Schuyler Co., N. Y. 
Adirondack Farming. —I have dressed 
about 4,000 pounds of pork and 1,000 
pounds of beef this Fall; made sausage, 
pickled hams and bacon. I am getting wood 
cut in 12-foot lengths on the mountain a 
mile distant to haul home as soon as we 
get snow enough. We struck a clump 
of first growth timber and yesterday pulled 
down (with ax) a beech tree that will make 
four cords of wood. I want to cut 50 
cords of stove wood. I haul it home in 12- 
foot lengths or longer and cut with power. 
Help is scarce here and I have done much 
of our butchering myself. I do not brag 
of our speed. Hut of our cleanliness. We 
dress off first hind legs down to gambrel 
joint, then raise with windlass as fast 
as skinned down about half way: then 
open and remove the entrails, etc., skin the 
shoulders and neck the last thing. I have 
a beef with no stains of blood on It. Our 
pork is scalded and dressed off clean, then 
hung up and shaved over with hot water 
and sharp knife; then with cold water 
scraped again; then rinsed and wiped off. 
Yorkshires are very white and clean look¬ 
ing. We never bad so mild a Winter her* 
—little snow and beautiful weather. Out 
outside cellar door is still open in day¬ 
time. it. has made it convenient to get our 
dressed hogs in and barrels of pork out. 
I killed eight porks last Saturday—from 
100 to 457 pounds—whicli makes 24 I 
have dressed this year and all were fine. I 
have bred the Yorkshire swine six years 
and still consider them the real and only 
best. s. c. a. 
Warren Co., N. Y. 
SHIP YOUR 
POULTRY. EGGS, 
BUTTER, SQUABS. AND FRUITS 
-TO- 
PATCH &. ROBERTS, 
17 North Market Street, Boston. 
llfPI ¥ DRILLING 
VI Li Lt Li MACHINES 
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or 
shallow wells in any kind of soilorroek. Mounted on 
wheels or on sills. \\ ith engines or horse powers. Strong 
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them 
easdy. Send for catalog. 
WILLIAMS BROS., Ithaca. N. Y. 
CHAIN HANGING 
CATTLE STANCHION 
The Most Practical 
CATTLE FASTENER 
ever invented. 
Manufactured and for 
cum ni» 
O. H. ROBERTSON, 
Forestville, Conn. 
Tae§toddard Ideal 
1 1-2 H. P. Gasoline Engine 
The IDEAL power for light farm 
work. Fitted with 4 inch or 6 inch 
friction clutch pulley for running hand 
separators. Further information and 
prices given by request. 
j _ OTHER SIZES FOR EVERY FARM NEED 
<y Creamery Package Mfg.Co.u^^y^ 
WARRINER’S STANCHION 
I. B. Calvin. Vice-Pres¬ 
ident, State Dairy Asso¬ 
ciation, Kewanno, lnd., 
says; 
"I think them 
PERFECT.” 
Send for BOOKLET. 
W. B. CRUMB, 
* 73 Ittnin Street. 
Forestville, Conn. 
NEVY’-YORKER 
THE VERY LATEST IN 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
Everyone having the milk of two or more cows to care for 
should not fail to see and examine the new improved DE LAVAL 
Cream Separators. These new machines embody the very latest 
improvements in cream separator construction and are the result 
of the past two years of tests and experiments backed up by our 
experience of thirty years in the manufacture of separators. 
There are ten new styles, ten new capacities and ten new 
prices. There is a machine for every dairy, from the smallest 
to the largest and at a price that will fit every pocket. 
The DE LAVA L was the original separator and it has always 
led in every separator invention and improvement. All good 
features are now bettered and many new and novel ones added, 
making the DE LAVAL even more superior to imitating 
machines than in the past. 
The new patented DE LA VA L center balanced bowl with its 
separate spindle is a triumph in separator construction and the 
whole machine from the patented “ anti-splash '’sanitary supply 
can to the base is a lesson in mechanical beauty, simplicity and 
convenience, operating as smoothly and noiselessly as a watch. 
Only one tool—a screw driver—is required to set the machine or 
to entirely remove its parts. The new DE LAVAL sells on its 
appearance alone, while back of that are those mechanical and 
skimming qualities that have made the DE LAVAL the world’s 
standard. 
Last, but not least, and notwithstanding the many big im¬ 
provements, a considerable reduction has been made in all prices. 
Send for free new 1908 DE LAVAL catalogue. 
4a E. Madison St. 
CHICACO 
1213 & 1216 Filbert St. 
PHILADELPHIA 
Driimin .V Saaramonto St*. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
General Offices: 
74 Cortlandt St. 
NEW YORK. 
173-177 William St roe 
MONTREAL 
14 & HI Princess Street 
WINNIPEG 
107 First Street 
PORTLAND, OREC 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
THE CliAHIi farm ITEHH 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE 
GENIE CLOTIIILDE 4801)7 RECENT OFFICIAL RECORD. 
One tiny test 95.1 lbs. milk, 4.943 lbs. fat and 6.179 lbs. batter. 
Seven day test 639.4 lbs. tnilU, 24.337 lbs. fat and 30.421 lbs. blitter. 
Thirty day test 2602.15 lbs, milk, 93.439 lbs. fat and 116.797 lbs. butter. 
Best World’s Official Record of all Breeds for One Day’s Butter Production 
The Clark Farm herd is headed by PONTIAC CHIRON 39423, one of the best sons of Hengerveld 
DeKol and out of Inka Darkness 2nd’s Queen 40182, with a record of 492.20 lbs. milk and 25.70 lbs. butter 
in seven days, with average butter fat of 4.17. Two sisters of this bull on the dam’s side have recently 
made records, one at four years of 26.39 lbs. and another at three years of 29.59 lbs. butter in seven days. 
There have recently been tested from the Clark Farm herd twelve cows and heifers of which eight 
were full age cows from four years up: the average of these eight for seven days was 464.44 lbs. milk, 
16.092 lbs. fat and 20.113 lbs. butter. The remaining four were two-year old heifers with their first calves, 
and these averaged for seven days 349.50 lbs. milk, 12.202 lbs. fat and 15.253 lbs. butter. Nine of these 
twelve animals tested were raised on or originated from the Clark Farm herd, and eight of tiiese twelve 
animals had never been tested before. 
A fine lot of Bull and Heifer Calves is offered for Sale. 
W. W. CHENEY, IVCanlius, 3NT. Y. 
YOU 
going to buy a HA.RR0W 
Want Bxst for least Cash 
UIC make that kind. 
W L Pa* Fbxiqbt. Cat¬ 
alogue free. Write for 
iprice. G.H.POUNDER 
1 7 Ft. Atkinson, Win 
Well 
DRILLING & 
PROSPECTING MACHINES. 
Fastest drillers known. Great money earners 1 
LOOMIS MACHINE CO., TIFFIN; OHIO. 
There’s 1 
Money 
in it 
I There’s 
' Money 
in it 
Write me today for illustrated booklets, 
crop, fruit and cattle statistics. Let me send you 
full information about California land and how to get it, 
Ask about rates and train service to California via 
Union Pacific 
Southern Pacific 
E. L. LOMAX, C. P. A., 
Omaha, Neb. 
