1908. 
THE RURAL N E W-YORKER 
lOl 
COYER CROPS FOR WINTER. 
E. S. TV., Nero Monmouth, N. J .—Do 
you consider it of any benefit to plow a field 
that has a good covering of crab grass, and 
seed it to rye, or to plow a tomato patch 
that is well covered with vines and seed it 
to rye? I have a theory that in planting 
rye, it ta<es more from the ground in grow¬ 
ing than it puts back, consequently the 
ground that is covered with anything so 
that the winds do not disturb it, is as well 
left alone. Am I right or wrong? I have 
seen a field of cow peas, which cut a fine 
crop of hay, and after growing up the sec¬ 
ond time was plowed under and seeded to 
rye. The next Spring the rye was turned 
under and it was again sowed with cow 
peas. This time the crop of cow peas was 
less than half of the first crop. The ground 
did not seem to be much enriched in that 
case. I also find that cow peas require a 
good soil or fertilizer if you wish any 
growth. The theory is advanced that they 
will grow abundantly on poor ground, but 
I have proved it to be otherwise. 
Ans. —Farmers do not agree about 
the value of rye as green manure. We 
like to have our soil covered in Winter. 
Our farm is steep, and a vigorous 
growth of rye helps to prevent a heavy 
wash; also during Fall and early Win¬ 
ter there is considerable loss of soluble 
nitrates from the soil by drainage. If 
some living crop occupies the soil a 
good share of this fertility will be saved. 
With a thick crop of crab grass I should 
be inclined to let a level field go with¬ 
out plowing. T would plow the tomato 
vines under and sow rye. A better plan 
than this would be to sow Crimson 
clover in the tomatoes about the middle 
of August. With a fair amount of 
moisture the clover would make a 
growth without interfering with the to¬ 
matoes, and this would cover the ground 
through the Winter. Such a seeding 
would have failed last year, as there was 
not rain enough for both tomatoes and 
clover. The trouble with rye is that 
many farmers let it stand too long in the 
Spring. It thus sucks the land dry of 
moisture and becomes so hard that when 
plowed under it will not decay easily, or 
sours the land. We can well understand 
how rye may take soluble plant food 
out of the soil and then grow hard and 
woody when it is plowed under, so that 
the plant food is less available than it 
was before. This would not be true of 
clover or cow peas, as they will decay 
more quickly. There may have been 
several reasons for the failure of that 
cow pea crop. The rye may have been 
full of sap and followed by warm wea¬ 
ther it may have soured the ground. 
Or, it may have been left loose in the 
soil without packing down with a roller. 
In this condition the air works in and 
dries it out too much and nothing can 
grow well under such conditions. We 
have never yet failed to see a benefit 
from a crop of cow peas. It is true that 
cow peas require good soil to make their 
full growth, yet it is also true that on 
very poor soil they will make a better 
growth than clover or any of the nitro¬ 
gen-forming crops. 
Prevention of Freezing in Engine Tank. 
(J. B., Stanley, N. Y .—Can you tell me of 
any substance that can be put in the 
water tank of gasoline engines to keep the 
water from freezing? It should be some¬ 
thing that w>ll not rust or corrode the 
parts. Gasoline engines are probably used 
the most in Winter time, and it is a 
bother to have to refill the tank every time 
the engine is used. 
Ans. —Substances that are used to 
prevent water freezing in the coolers 
of gasoline engines are calcium chlor¬ 
ide, not the “chloride of lime,” so-called, 
used as a disinfectant. This is not en¬ 
tirely non-corrosive for galvanized iron, 
but has less effect upon iron itself or 
brass. Ihree pounds of calcium chlor¬ 
ide to a gallon of water is the common 
proportion, but four pounds to the 
gallon is necessary to insure against 
freezing in the severest weather. Glycer¬ 
ine is also used in the proportion of 30 
per cent glycerine, by weight. This is 
In the proportion of three pounds of 
glycerine to 10 pounds of water. It is 
also recommended to add two per cent of j 
sodium carbonate. Ten gallons of water 
would require 25 pounds of glycerine 
and 1.75 pounds of carbonate of soda. 
Some manufacturers of gasoline engines 
use one of the thinner grades of 
lubricating oil instead of water. In 
such cases, instead of an ordinary tank, 
such as is used with water-coolers, one 
or more sections of ordinary steam or 
hot water radiators are used as contain¬ 
ers. The advantage of such containers 
for the cooling fluid is that they pre¬ 
sent a maximum radiating surface for 
a minimum volume of circulating fluid. 
Such radiators could also be used with 
non-freezing mixtures, but we do not 
known that engine manufacturers have 
used these for either water alone or for 
water containing substances to lower its 
freezing point. f. h. king. 
‘""FROM 
FACTORY 
AT 
FACTORY 
PRICES 
NOW 
SOLD 
DIRECT 
TO 
CONSUMER 
COLUMBUS QUALITY 
COLUMBUS BUGGIES 
BUILT BY US- 
The Standard for Quality Everywhere 
Now Sold Direct From Our Factory to You 
Saving You the Home Dealer’s Profit. 
“Columbus Buggies” havo boon beforo the public for 
many years, and aro known tho world over as tho High - 
t Standardfor Quality and Vehicle Construction . 
Every Vehicle Sold on One Full Month Ap¬ 
proval Trial and Guaranteed Two Years. 
A "Columbus” is tho vehicle you should buy. Don’t 
tako chances when you can go direct to tho manufactu¬ 
rer, getting tho genuine Columbus Quality and Colum¬ 
bus Style , saving the 40% to 60 % Dealer 1 s Projit . 
We want you as a customer — once a Columbus 
customer— always a Columbus buyer. When you do 
business with this company, you are dealing with an old 
reliable manufacturer with a reputation built on quality 
and square dealing. Wo havo buggies now in use sold 
over fifteen years ago. Wo havo thousands of customers 
who would not havo anything else. 
MTM9FF 0ur Ca * a, °2 Columbus Buggies, 
m M M. mm Mam Runabouts, Phaetons, Surreys, Stan- 
wmhm hopes. Carriages and Harness will bo 
mailed to you absolutely free • Writo for *t now. 
Don’t buy a Vehicle of any kind until you receive 
our Catalog. It contains testimonial letters from people 
who bought our buggies years and years ago, and ex¬ 
plains our plan of selling direct from our Factory to you 
at rock-bottom factory prices. Writ© today for this in¬ 
formation— it will provo of value to you. 
THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS CO. 
2026 So. High Street, • Columbus, Ohio 
BEATS THE 
Grindstone 
TEN TIMES OVER 
No pressure, no drawing 
temper, if you use the 
Practical 
Alundum 
Grinder 
with wheel revolving 
3,000 times a minute. 
Far superior to emery 
or stone. Grinds any P 
tool, knife to sickle. 
Different sizes. Foot 
power attachment. 
Write for circular of particu¬ 
lars. Good agents wanted. Address, 
ROYAL AnUv CO.. 226 E. Walnut St.. Lancaster. 
IT PAYS TO 
SPRAY 
The Iron Age 4-row Sprayer 
gives perfect satisfaction. Puts solu¬ 
tion just where needed and in fog¬ 
like mist. Pumpdelivtrsspray under 
high pressure, thus reaching every 
part of vine, effectually kill¬ 
ing bugs and preventing 
blight. Has Orchard 
Spraying attach¬ 
ment. Write for 
free Catalog 
illustrating 
Sprayer 
ana 
other 
Iron Age 
Tools. 
A postal brings 
it. Write today. 
BATEMAN MEB. CO.,Box tOZS.Crenloch, NJ. 
UTAH ALFALFA SEED. 
The best. Buy where grown. Write for samples 
and prices at any time. SAUNA MERC. CO., 
liox 1, Salina, Utah. 
Strawberry Plants 
^and up. 
Catalogue free. R. E. ALLEN, Paw Paw, .Mich. 
SEEDS 
of 
the 
Burpee=Quality ;i 
cost but 
little more 
han the 
uBual kind, but are worth much more I To 
convince you that this is true, let us have a 
talk together. We have speut months of labor 
and thousands of dollars on 
The BEST SEED CATALOG we have ever issued. 
It is a Book of 172 pages with new half-tone illustrations from photographs and beau¬ 
tiful colored plates. Shall we mail you a copy? It will cost you nothing, if you will 
kindly give a fair hearing to our claims for your patronage. Write TO-DAY I 
W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Seed Growers, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
A t One 
Seedsm 
Half City 
en Prices 
Let us send you our catalog of seeds—It’s different. 
It tells you facts and why we can save you money and 
gives you a guaranteed square deal. Just drop a postal 
to-day and see the difference in buying your seed in the 
country or city. 
FORREST SEED CO., Box 34, Cortland, SI. V. 
SEED CORN 146 BU. ACRE 
DIAMOND JOE’S BIG WHITE.—A strictly new variety: None like it. It is the Earliest 
! and Best Big White Corn in the World—Because it was bred for most Big Bushels, not fancy 
show points; because grown from thoroughbred inherited stock; every stalk bears one or 
moie good ears: Because scientifically handled, thoroughly dried and properly cured and 
had the most rigid examination. Big Seed Catalog FREE. It tells about all best farm, 
grass. Garden and flower seed grown. Send for it to-day. Address, 
KATKKIN’S SEED HOUSE, Shenandoah, Iowa. 
DIBBLE SEED CORN 
is the kind to grow for crop or silo. Dibble’s 
Eighty Day Dent Earliest Dent Corn grown. 
GERMINATION 95-98 
Dibble’s Improved Learning, two weeks earlier 
than Standard Learning and best large variety for 
Silo as it will ripen in 100-110 days, germination 
90-95$. You can't afford to plant poor seed corn 
when you can get ours that you can depend on, at 
a cost of less than 50 cents per acre. 
Test it yourself. Large samples and catalog Free. 
EDWARD K. DIBBLE, Seedgrowor, liox A, llouenye Foils, N. Y. 
ISBELL S SEEDS 
The SEEDS you plant are GREAT FACTORS 
in your SUCCESS or FA 1LURE. Our Battle Cry 
is QUALITY, and we are WINNING. Our 1908 
Seed Annual, 90 pages. Lithographed Covers, Illus¬ 
trated Truthfully, is Free on Request. 
ONE TRIAL IS ALL WE ASK. 
S. M. ISBELL & CO., Box21, Jackson, Mich. 
GOOD SEEDS 
THE BEST EVER 
BROWN 
Prices lowest of 
lall. Postage paid. 
A lot of extra packages given free 
with every order of seeds I fill. Send 
name and address for my CDCC 
big catalog. Over 700 en- rHEE 
gravings of vegetables and flowers. 
H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois 
AT WHAT PRICE. 
Those of our readers who wish to 
know the cost of strictly first-class, 
hardy, healthy, fruit trees, should send 
to Call’s Nurseries Perry, O., for price 
list. Call enjoys the well-earned repu¬ 
tation of sending his customers the 
finest fruit trees that are grown. He 
deals direct with the fruit growers, and 
guarantees satisfaction. New price¬ 
list now ready. 
TREES 
Genesee Valley Grown. 150 
Acres. Established 1869. 
Never have had San Jose 
Scale. "Not the cheapest, 
but the best." Catalog free. 
Geo. A. Sweet Nursery Go., DamilmiS.Y. 
New Canaan Nurseries. 
A PULE and PEACH TREES in large quan¬ 
tities. All young, thrifty and healthy. Also a 
largo stock of Forest, Ornamental and Ever¬ 
green Trees, Shrubs. Roses, Vines, Berries 
and Asparagus. A lull assortment of every¬ 
thing in our line. Send for our Illustrated 
Catalogue. Address 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO. 
NEW CANAAN, CONN. 
Good Trees! Good Fruit! 
Good fruit comes to him who plants good trees. 
I have tho good trees: do you want the good fruit? 
Catalogue and instructions, “How to care for trees 
and plants for best results” free. Address, 
MARTIN WAHL, Nurseryman, Rochester, N. Y. 
DOUBLE YOUR HAY CROP 
Write today for our Booklet on the 
Grass Question and our 1908 Catalog. 
A Postal gets both. 
TIIE BATCHELOR SEED STORE 
36 Lafayette St., Utica, N.Y. Grass Seed Dept. 
CTRAWBERRIES, RASPBERRIES and BLACKBERRIES. 
^ My Catalogue tells you the best varieties to plant 
for profit. Our list includes the Highland and 
Saratoga strawberry. 35 varieties of the best. 
Catalogue FREE. C. W. GRAHAM, Afton, N. Y. 
fe^SEEDS 
Make yourplantinga success - 
by sowing good seed. Our flower m 
and vegetable seeds areguaranteed 
fresh and pure, and are sold at rea-V 
sonable prices. We supply farmers t 
wlio plant by the hundred acres,down 
to collections for the kitchen garden. 
Wehavearmmberof new varieties that 
every farmer needs. Our new potato, “iilg 
Lrop, produced this season on our own 
farms at the rate of 836 bushels per acre. 
Our new catalogue is an invaluable guide 
for all growers. It’s free. 
J. J. H. GREGORY S SON, Marblehead, Mass. 
FOR SALE-l Cri?nSOn — !°. ver Seed, $3.50 to I 
1.50 
bushel; White Onion Sets, $3.00 
bushel; Yellow Onion Sets, $2.50 per bushel. Gar¬ 
den Peas, Cow Peas, Clover Seed, Seed Potatoes, 
etc. JOSEPH E. HOLLAND. Milford, Delaware. 
ALFALFA 1 grass seeds 
■ ■■■■ ■ ■■■■ ■ ■ Northorn Grown and of strongest 
vitality. 99 per cent pure. Write for Catalogue No. S3 
J. £. WING & BROS., Box I 03 MKClUmSBDRU, OHIO 
MORTHERN GROWN POTATOES - No 
blight. 20th Century, Ionia, Manistee, Sir 
Walter Raleigh. Sam’l Fraser, Geneseo, N. Y. 
CANTALOUPE SEED 
Standard Varieties. First Quality. 
GRAHAM & (X)., Salisbury, Maryland. 
Nurseries Pay Cash Weekly 
and Want More Salesmen Every¬ 
where. Best Contract, Best Outfit, 
’ Largest Nurseries--with an 82-Year Record. 
STARK BRO’S, LOUISIANA, MO. 
ALFALFA 
Largest growers of Clover, Timothy and Grasses 
in America. We make a great specialty of 
Northern Grown Alfalfa Clover. Our 20 th 
Century strain is pronounced by the Experi¬ 
mental Station as 99 . 95 $ pure. Nothing like 
it on earth. Catalog tells. 
Salzer’s Catalog Free 
It’s the most original seed book published and is gladly 
mailed to intending purchasers free. Or remit 10 c 
and get lots of remarkable farm seed samples,includ¬ 
ing Alfalfa Clover, etc.; or send 14 c and we add a 
package of Farm Seed never seen by you before! 
John A. Salzer Seed Co., La Crosse, YYis. 
