168 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 22. 
A PROBLEM IN BREEDING. 
Substituting Grades for Purebreds. 
Ever since you published the replies 
of the representatives of the different 
cattle breeders’ associations to the ques¬ 
tion whether or not such substitution as 
Dawley is accused of practicing, would 
be possible under the rules of the asso¬ 
ciations which they represent, I have 
been waiting for criticism of those re¬ 
plies. As the criticisms have not ap¬ 
peared, I wish to offer mine, with the 
request that I may be set right if under 
a misapprehension. 
Most of the breeders state that an 
animal of widely different age and 
markings could not be substituted for 
one already registered. None of them, 
however, mentions any regulation which 
would prevent substitution before regis¬ 
tration. That is, if “the papers fit the 
cow” as far as age, markings, etc., are 
concerned, and the animal has the ap¬ 
pearance of a purebred, it would be 
very difficult to prove the animal differ¬ 
ent from wliat it is represented to be. 
It seems to me that a man who pays a 
high price for a registered cow and 
later finds that he has bought a grade 
would not care materially whether the 
substitution was made before or after 
registration, or whether the papers fitted 
not at all, or in alT respects excepting 
that the dam of his cow was a grade in¬ 
stead of a purebred. 
I live on a back farm and almost never 
have visitors who know much about 
purebred cattle. I have a registered bull 
and a herd of high grade cows, which, 
with a few exceptions, could not be told 
by appearance, from purebred animals. 
Now (1908) I propose to buy five regis¬ 
tered yearling heifers. Next year 1 can 
expect to have five calves, but calves are 
liable to die, so I won’t have them regis¬ 
tered until the year following, 1910, 
when I shall have tTiem registered as 
3 'earlings—three heifers and twp bulls. 
After that if I sell no registered females 
I shall have yearlings registered as fol¬ 
lows: In 1911, three heifers and two 
bulls; 1912, four heifers and four bulls; 
’ 191.3, six heifers and five bulls; 1914, 
seven heifers and eight bulls, and so on. 
Abortion, calf scours, or milk fever 
would have no effect on such a scheme, 
so long as grade yearlings were avail¬ 
able. Whenever I lost a registered cow 
I would never offer for sale an animal 
in place of that cow, but would register 
a calf a year from her just as if she 
were living, so that the papers would 
always fit the cattle sold in all respects 
excepting parentage. Before I buy the 
five heifers to start with, I would like 
advice from the different associations, 
as to whether or not I would be wel¬ 
comed to their ranks, and if not, how 
they would show their disapproval. 
Most of these breeding associations re¬ 
quire a certain amount of supervision 
over the butter-fat tests, and it would 
seem that the vastly more important mat¬ 
ter of pedigree should receive at least 
an equal amount of oversight. C. 
Ulster Co., N. Y. 
PROTECTION FOR CATTLE BUYERS. 
The scandal which has been under 
discussion for some time regarding the 
registration of Jersey cattle and dis¬ 
honest practices of some of the breeders, 
and the question of registration and how 
to check the dishonest practices that 
have been engaged in, has stirred up 
the breeders of New York State, and 
for that matter the entire country. I 
believe that it is possible for errors to 
occur when men are disposed to do right, 
perhaps for want of information which 
comes to them from their herdsmen, and 
since this is possible, a plan should be 
adopted to make false registration im¬ 
possible, and should be accepted with 
great satisfaction. I have given this 
matter a little thought and have reached 
this conclusion. When a young animal 
is offered to the secretary of a cattle 
club for registration, I think a check 
might be had on its registration if not 
only the age and registration number of 
the sire and dam should be given, but a 
photograph of the dam and sire also be 
sent, together with the markings of the 
animal offered for registration. With 
the Holstein, Ayrshire and Guernseys it 
seems to me that this plan would pre¬ 
vent mistakes in registration. With 
the Brown Swiss and the Jerseys, and 
other solid-colored animals, photographs 
would be of some value, but in view of 
the fact that nearly all the animals of 
these breeds are solid colors, errors in 
registration would be more likely to 
occur. Whether the breeders of regis¬ 
tered cattle, or animals of any kind for 
that matter, would regard the presenta¬ 
tion of a photograph with each animal 
necessary or desirable, I am not pre¬ 
pared to say. If it is desirable to have 
photographs sent, it would apply only 
to dishonest parties who would delib¬ 
erately misrepresent an animal for the 
privileges of registration, and, if this 
were done, they would lay themselves 
open to arrest and imprisonment by 
swearing falsely. I would be glad to 
suggest something to help you but I am 
not able to do so. I want to congratu¬ 
late the breeders of the country in hav¬ 
ing so able an assistant as The R. N.Y. 
in the. adjustment and solving of this 
important problem. 
TRUMAN W. BROPHY, 
Sect’y Illinois Guernsey Cattle Club. 
Rreeds of Shiokp.—O n page 48 our friend, 
E. Van Alstyne, in answer to file question 
what breed at this time is likely to be most 
profitable, says “I should say without hesita¬ 
tion that tlie popular breed to-day is the 
Shropshire.” If Mr. Van Alystyne had said 
they were the most popular with •him and 
some others I would not take exception. 
Popular means prevailing, pleasing to the 
people. At Smithfield show (England), just 
held the Shropshires were not the most 
pleasing nor prevailing sheep. Compare tlie 
auction sales of stud Shropshire sheep with 
other breeds in England, their native home. 
Rest price for yearlings 100 guineas; top 
average for the year for 41 rams was £30 2-3 ; 
ram lambs £31 10-0; average £7 0-0; Lin¬ 
coln rams, yearling. 000 guineas; average 
for 48 for the year £04 12-3; ram lambs 
40 guineas. Oxford yearling rams 150 
guineas, ram lambs 50 guineas. Average for 
year £13 4-4. 1 think these two breeds were 
(lie most prevailing, with some others not 
far behind. Please find that, the Hamp¬ 
shire lambs sold ns high as £210 and 
Shropshire ram lambs £31 10-0, and the 
Oxford-Hampshire Down cross won first hon¬ 
ors. 'Phe best pen of sheep in the Smith- 
field show in the contest for the Prince of 
Wales cup were TTampshires. My experience 
in advertising Shropshire, Oxford and Lin¬ 
coln rams in one advertisement for sale has 
been many calls for the two latter and not 
one for the former. chas. CRinm.E. 
Livingston Co., N. Y. 
Stokers Way Down 
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THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE A. HARNESS C9. 2026 So. High Street, Columbus, r 1 
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