1202 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 7, 
THE LIME-SULPHUR SPRAY AS A 
PREVENTIVE OF APPLE SCAB. 
The serious results in the form of 
“Bordeaux injury” which often follow 
applications of Bordeaux Mixture 
render it almost imperative that some 
means be found of reducing this injury, 
or that some spray be discovered which 
may be used as a substitute for Bor¬ 
deaux. For the past two or three years 
1 have observed, after Winter-spraying 
apple and pear trees with lime-sulphur 
solutions, for San Jose scale, that the 
fruit upon the sprayed trees was less 
“scabby” than that upon unsprayed 
trees. Upon two different occasions this 
Winter application was delayed until 
the blossoms -./ere about to open and 
while the spray, which was applied at 
the full Winter strength, did consider¬ 
able injury at the time, its decidedly 
beneficial effects were noticeable when 
the fruit was gathered. However, the 
generally good results which follow 
Winter applications of lime-sulphur are 
now well known, and this part of the 
work requires no further comment. 
Nevertheless, these observations sug¬ 
gested to me the probability that lime- 
sulphur solutions might be used as a 
substitute for Bordeaux Mixture for 
Summer applications, and during the 
past )*ear ] have so used it upon various 
plants and for various purposes. It is 
not proposed at this time to go at all 
into detail regarding these experiments; 
I wish only to call attention' to some 
of the results obtained, which show con¬ 
clusively that lime-sulphur solutions of 
proper strength may be used as a Sum¬ 
mer spray without injury to foliage and 
also point strongly to the probability 
that by its use Apple scab may be 
effectually controlled without danger of 
spray injury to the fruit. Sufficient work 
has not been done to justify the state¬ 
ment that lime-sulphur is equal to Bor¬ 
deaux as a preventive of this disease, 
but the results of the single season’s 
work point so strongly to this conclu¬ 
sion that I feel justified in calling at¬ 
tention to them, that growers who have 
suffered loss from Bordeaux injury, and 
others who are interested, may make 
comparative tests of the two sprays the 
coming season. 
In carrying out the work the past 
season it became necessary, first of all, 
to determine how strong a solution could 
be used without injury to the foliage. 
This, again, made it necessary to adopt 
some method of “standardizing” the 
spray. After considerable work we 
adopted what may be termed the “stock 
solution” method of preparing the spray, 
and adopted as a standard for the work 
a “stock solution” having a specific grav¬ 
ity of 1.27. For determining the spe¬ 
cific gravity of the solution while at 
work in the field we have found the 
specific gravity hydrometer a very con¬ 
venient instrument. It is cheap, simple 
and convenient, and I would recommend 
every grower who expects to use lime- 
sulphur as a Summer spray to obtain 
one. This solution, similar to the Rex, 
Niagara and Phoenix lime-sulphur 
sprays upon the market, any of which 
would undoubtedly do as well, is of a 
clear dark amber color, is without sedi¬ 
ment, and as stated above has a specific 
gravity of 1.27. Analysis showed that 
each gallon contained in solution 2.38 
pounds of sulphur. During the season 
of 1007 these “stock solutions” of lime- 
sulphur were used, variously diluted, 
upon the apple, pear, peach, plum, prune, 
quince, cherry, grape, potatoes and 
celery. The results obtained indicated 
that lime-sulphur sprays produced by di¬ 
luting one gallon of the stock solution 
with 15 gallons of water may be safely 
used upon all of the above-named 
plants, with the exception of the peach, 
unless it may be early in the Spring 
when very slight injury was produced. 
For use upon the peach each gallon of 
solution should be diluted with at least 
20 gallons of water. For the experi¬ 
ments with the apple scab a block of 
400 Yellow Newtown trees was selected, 
because this variety is particularly sus¬ 
ceptible to this disease, and because this 
block was known to be badly infested. 
The entire orchard was sprayed with 
lime-sulphur for San Jose scale late in 
February. The orchard was then di¬ 
vided into two plots. One plot was 
sprayed with Bordeaux upon April 20, 
May 8 and May 17. The other plot was 
sprayed upon the same dates with lime- 
sprayed solution diluted 1.-15. Un¬ 
sprayed trees were left as checks in each 
plot. At picking time the fruit was 
carefully gathered, examined and sepa¬ 
rated into three grades to show per cent 
cf fruit absolutely free from scab, 
slightly scabby, and badly scabbed. It 
was then regraded to show per cent of 
fruit injured by spray. The summary 
I f results is shown graphically in the 
fo’lowing table. Column marked A 
shows per cent of fruit free fronrscab; 
B that showing only small scab spots; 
C that badiy scabbed and unmarketable; 
D, shows spray injury. 
A B C D 
Unsprayed.19.9 28.7 51.3 0. 
Sprayed jwith Bor¬ 
deaux. .'.49.1 35.4 15.5 31.9 
Sprayed with lime- 
sulphur.79.3 15.3 5.3 0. 
It must be remembered in interpret¬ 
ing these results that they represent 
only one season’s work upon one va¬ 
riety, but when taken with the results 
that have been obtained in spraying 
other plants they certainly point strongly 
to the conclusion that lime-sulphur solu¬ 
tions may be a satisfactory substitute 
for Bordeaux for Summer spraying as 
they now are for Winter applications. 
Oregon Exp. .'Station, a. b. cordley. 
Bridge Grafting an Apple Tree. 
TP. H. A., Metuchen, N. J .—I should ap¬ 
preciate some suggestions regarding the 
restoration of a Tompkins County King 
apple tree which is about 15 years old and 
through some misfortune, perhaps insects, 
has been almost girdled, leaving a bare 
space beginning at the ground and extend¬ 
ing for about seven or eight inches. The 
strip of bark connecting roots with the tree 
is about four or five inches wide. What 
can I do to encircle the tree with bark 
again? Two years ago this coming Spring 
I opened the top well, cut back for six or 
eighl Inches the tips of all limbs and re¬ 
moved all suckers. East year I did nothing 
to it but paint the exposed or barkless por¬ 
tion of the trunk. The tree bears a small 
crop of very large apples which are usually 
rotten at the core if not picked very early. 
Last year the foliage was very scanty, and 
what leaves there were, were very small. 
Ans. —The tree was probably gnawed 
partly around by mice or rabbits. In 
cultivated fields such damage is some¬ 
times done by striking the tree with a 
cultivator. Painting the bare place will 
never start new bark. The only thing 
you can do is to “bridge-graft” the tree. 
This is done by taking long scions of 
good size, inserting one end in live 
bark below the bare place, and the other 
end in live bark above it. This is done 
much the same as in ordinary grafting, 
waxing the ends thoroughly and wrap¬ 
ping with cloth. The object is to in¬ 
duce the flow of sap through these 
scions over the bare place. If the 
scions become established they will, in 
turn grow and make a new side to the 
trunk. We would use three scions on 
this tree. 
Mr. Hitchings’ Stringfellow Trees. 
T). rIUHon, N. V.—In October, 1902, 
you told of Mr. Hitchings putting out 
apple trees by the thousand, also of put¬ 
ting out 1,000 peach trees with alternate 
rows root-pruned as Mr. Stringfellow ad¬ 
vocates. Will Mi’. Hitchings tell us the 
size of these apple trees, and if they are 
bearing many apples yet? Also about the 
peach trees. Have they been kept in sod, 
and how do the Stringfellow trees compare 
with the others? Is the orchard doing well 
yet? 
Ans.—I n regard to apple trees planted 
in 1902, they have made a very satisfac¬ 
tory growth, many of them having sam¬ 
ples of apples on the first year. In 
planting the apples Stringfellow’s 
method was modified to the extent of 
leaving roots on the trees six to eight 
inches long. I reasoned that the trees 
would be anchored better by leaving 
roots of this length. The roots have 
certainly struck deep enough into the 
soil, as I have discovered upon replant¬ 
ing some that were injured. I also dis¬ 
covered that the soil was much im¬ 
proved mechanically by mulching, the 
replanted trees gaining rapidly on those 
first planted. The peaches were planted 
in alternate rows in Stringfellow’s 
method; those planted in regular man¬ 
ner had rather the best appearance the 
first two years. The succeeding cold 
Winter injured the entire block so 
severely that I pulled them' about all 
out. I might as well have finished the 
job, as those left have never recovered 
GRANT G. HITCHINGS. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
IE N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee 
SanJose Scale BU6HmNKER ' 
If and all DISEASES 
of Trees, as well as shield lice, blood lice and other 
insects prevented by painting trunks of trees with 
AVENARIUS CARBOLINEUM. 
Used to PKKSEKVK WOOD against rot and decay, 
and also to exterminate CHICKEN LICE and 
MITES, since 1875. Circulars free. 
C Alt BOLIN E U M WOOD PRESERVING CO., 
<551 West Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
Booklet on CATALPA TREES 
Let me tell you about the 150 acres 
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This wood takes the place of Ash and Hickory for Car¬ 
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H. C. ROGERS, Box n. Medianiesburg, Ohio 
NATIVE EVERGREENS 
Balsam Fir, Arbor Vitae, American Spruce. 
White Pine and Hemlock, 6 to 12 ins., $5 per 
I, 000; 5,000 for $120. Also Transplanted Evergreens. 
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NURSERIES, Skaneateles, N. Y. 
MILLIONS OF TREES, 
PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. 
• Tv? oldest, largest and most complete nursery 
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The MONROE NURSERY, Monroe, Michigan. 
’A I,T I'OKNIA PRTVET, Strawberry plants 
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2 yrs, fine, bushy. Shrubbery in variety. Nice lot 
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\ nBWnrKKl -* o—' nijmian arm layer, 
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SLAYMAKKR & SON, Dover. Del. 
CTRAWBERRY PLANTS— Reliable, money- 
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New illus. cat. F ree. S. A. VIRDIN, Hartly, Del. 
DCPPY TIPIfETC I have printed 
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Let me print yours this year. Saves book-keeping 
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T. M. JON K8, Goreville, HI. 
~NORTHERN GROWN SEED POTATOES, 
No blight. Raleigh, Ionia,Twentieth Century, Man¬ 
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Potato ” book. Formerly at Cornell Exp. Station. 
VEGETABLE PLANTS 
ANn ET8 nUfCRQ Send Price List. The J. E. 
rLUnCnOi 1IUTTON CO., Convnphnin. Pa. 
GROWN IN NEW JERSEY . 
under soil and climate advantages—and ready 
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planted Pomona Nurseries K 
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are the satisfactory kind. A complete as¬ 
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THE BATAVIA NURSERIES 
believe in the higher standard and 
better quality of both tree and 
fruit. To get them we propagate 
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the best importer* stocks. Some 
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set witli BOGUE'S TREKS. 
We offer a choice assortment of 
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trees, of Evergreens, Shrubs, 
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Can you afford to plant any 
others? Write for catalogue. 
A GENTS WANTED. Dwarf Apple Trees a Specialty. 
NELSON ROGUE, - Batavia, New York, 
Griswold’s Seeds 
ARE RIGHT BOTH AS TO 
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We have been selling to the best Market Gar¬ 
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40 Maple Ave., So. Wethersfield, Conn. 
The Pioneer Seed Firm, Established 1845. 
^5gf^Compress ed 
Air Sprayers 
Holds over 4 GALLONS. Sprays 
trees,vegetables, etc. Saving in 
labor pays for the SPRAYER 
the first month it is used. Write 
for circulars and price list. 
J. F. GAYLORD, 
Box B, Catskill, N. Y. 
The NEW ROLLMAN TRANSPLANTER 
Steel Construc¬ 
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Durability and 
Accuracy 
Com¬ 
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Absolutely Guaranteed, $47.50. Freight Prepaid. 
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Money back for 
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8 Quick Blooming Roses, 75c* 
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Growers o////<.■ /J&sf/Poses //rZim&r/c ri 
Box 4-C, West Grove, Pa, 
Wood’s Grass 
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Best Qualities Obtainable and 
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SEEDSMEN, - Richmond, Ya. 
SENT FREE For Trial 
JAPANESE CLIMBING CUCUMBER. 
This cucumber is such a strong 
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Finch’s Tree Tomato 
stands up like a tree,with¬ 
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covered with fruit of 
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The Finest Lettuce Ever 
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Address plainly 
FRANK FINCH, Box R, Clyde, N. Y. 
New Canaan Nurseries. 
APPLE and PEACH TREES in large quan¬ 
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large stock of Forest, Ornamental and Ever* 
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STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO. 
NEW CANAAN, CONN. 
RANGER REVOLVING 
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CLOCK 55 
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A Perfect*^Hand Sewiug Machin 
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Great Agent* Supply House formerly of Frederic 
