1908. 
THE RURAL* NEW-YORKER 
235 
SPRAYING QUESTIONS. 
C. II. 0., Lancaster, Ohio .—When one 
has only a limited number of trees to 
spray what is the cheapest method of pre¬ 
paring the lime and sulphur? I mean what 
kind of vessels should one have to cook it 
in? Could I use the old-fashioned syrup 
pan? Would the mixture eat through this 
sheet iron? Is there any homemade con¬ 
trivance whereby one could use steam ? 
Must this spray he applied while hot? Is 
the salt still used? Any little details in 
regard to making this spray and applying 
it will be thankfully received. I have 
about 200 large trees. I have no San Josd 
scale, but I have plenty of Scurfy scale. 
Would one application of lime and sulphur 
take the place of the first application of 
Bordeaux? 
Ans.—A 40 or 50-gallon kettle is 
about the cheapest thing in which to 
boil the lime-sulphur wash. If the 
kettle sits in a sheet-iron or brick arch 
there is a great saving of fuel, also it is 
much easier to work around. A good 
grade of galvanized iron is not acted 
upon by the mixture; boiling tanks made 
of it are quite serviceable, The syrup 
pans would hardly do, as it would be 
difficult to keep the mixture agitated 
when boiling. It is not necessary to 
apply the mixture hot, and salt is not 
necessary to make the mixture effective, 
but the application must be thorough, 
especially when applied for San Jose 
scale. It is best not to let the mixture 
stand around cold for more than a few 
hours, as needle-like crystals soon form 
and clog pump strainers and nozzles, 
and arc also apt to cut out pump valves. 
The New York Department of Agricul¬ 
ture gives the following advice about 
making small lots of lime and sulphur 
mixture: 
must be interesting and profitable. The 
hygrometer, barometer, thermometer and 
weather vane are valuable allies in the 
study and forecasting of the weather, and 
every farmer should have these instru¬ 
ments. w. E. D. 
Hillsboro, O. 
I was glad to see the article on fore¬ 
casting weather changes by Prof. P. H. 
King; more along this line would be a 
good thing. It is surprising to see how 
many people take stock in the long-range 
month-ahead or even year-ahead forecasts 
of the weather fakers, and I know some 
who in most things are rated above the 
average in intelligence who place confidence 
in these bogus forecasts. Is it a wonder 
that so many that have not had ordinary 
chances for an education or self-improve¬ 
ment get caught by the human wolves that 
are a disgrace to their four-footed car¬ 
nivorous brothers? It is gratifying to 
know there is one safe retreat for (he un¬ 
guarded in the snug cabin of the Rural 
family, from which these beasts of prey 
are driven by the fires of truth and fear¬ 
lessness. I have kept temperature and pre¬ 
cipitation records for the Weather Bureau 
as a co-operative observer for four years, 
and in return have received the publications 
of that bureau and the daily weather maps, 
and through them have perhaps gained a 
better understanding of storm movements 
than the average citizen. This keeping of 
weather records becomes quite interesting, 
and as time passes and you have several 
years’ records to refer to it becomes more 
interesting and even valuable. Weather 
is of more importance to the farmer than 
to any other one class, or I may be safe 
in saying all other classes combined, at 
least directly. The farmer, because of his 
freedom and clearness of thought and his 
natural environment, can, I believe, with 
clear practical articles on this subject, 
master it more easily than any other class 
as far as actual forecasting is concerned. 
Let us have more practical articles on tills 
subject by the best authorities. 
New York. geo. it. sciiauber. 
The lime-sulphur solution is made as fol¬ 
lows : Twenty pounds of best unslaked lime, 
17 pounds of sifted sulphur (flour or flow¬ 
ers). Ileat 15 to 20 gallons of water to 
about boiling point in an iron caldron. Put 
the lime in the water, which will cause a 
violent boiling; add the sulphur, stirring 
the mass continually. If too much water 
is used boiling over ensues; if too little, 
the mass becomes dry, and an additional 
supply of hot water should be at hand 
from which to replenish as required. Con¬ 
tinue boiling for an hour, ot until the lime 
and sulphur have united, at which time the 
color will be a deep amber; dilute with 
water to make the quantity about 50 gal¬ 
lons. Strain before using; give pumps and 
nozzles an immediate cleaning when spray¬ 
ing ceases. Where live steam is available 
it may be used to great advantage for cook¬ 
ing the mixture. For treating a small num¬ 
ber of trees the unboiled washes have a 
place, as no outfit is necessary beyond a 
wooden barrel and cover, if a few pails of 
boiling water can be had. Put 20 pounds 
of stone lime and a few pails of hot water 
together with 15 pounds of sifted sulphur. 
Then add at once 10 pounds of sal soda, 
which will cause a violent boiling, during 
which the mixture should be stirred with a 
a hoe through an aperture in the burlap or 
blanket covering the barrel. This, after 
standing 20 to 30 minutes, should be di¬ 
luted to 50 gallons, when it is ready for 
use. 
We think the lime and sulphur well 
put on would take the place of Bor¬ 
deaux. 
Study of Weather Conditions. 
Under separate cover I send your four 
weather maps, showing the movements of 
the recent storm. This was a typical Win¬ 
ter storm, and gave us snow with east 
winds, then rain with south winds, later 
snow with west and northwest winds, 
and clear cold weather. I have been get¬ 
ting these maps every day for the past four 
years, excepting Sundays and holidays. 
They are mailed at Cincinnati, O., which 
is our nearest weather station, at 11.30 
a. m., are received at Hillsboro post office 
at 4.30 p. m., when we may get them if 
we call for them, otherwise we get them 
by R. F. D. next morning at 9 a. m. There¬ 
fore the maps are about 24 hours old 
when they reach us on the farm, but even 
then they are of far greater value than 
the forecast slips, for the maps give us 
a complete picture of the weather all over 
the United States. These weather maps 
are sent free to applicants to the extent 
of the printing facilities, provided the ap¬ 
plicant can display them or is much inter¬ 
ested in their study. More farmers should 
get these maps than now do, for the farmer 
needs their information as much as any¬ 
one, and beside is more or less weather- 
wise from long continued observation and 
experience, so that study of the weather 
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