‘ 838 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 31, 
Ruralisms 
New Paragon Chinquapin.—As a 
result of hybridizing the native dwarf 
chinquapin with the Paragon chestnut 
we have the fine cross-bred chinquapin 
shown, together with nuts from the ac¬ 
tual parent trees, all in natural size, in 
Fig. 393. The crossing was effected six 
years' ago, seven hybrid plants resulting, 
the largest of which bore a few burs this 
season. The preliminary work, however, 
dates back 10 years, when nuts from 
wild Virginia chinquapins were planted 
in the Rural Grounds with the hope that 
a variety hardy and prolific enough to 
warrant hybridization experiments might 
result. As a matter of fact one of the 
plants turned out the most precocious 
and prolific little chinquapin we have 
ever seen and hardy enough to endure 
without harm and wfith absolutely no 
protection the severe Winter of 1904-5, 
when good-sized orchard trees were 
killed by freezing. This seedling came 
into bearing when three years old, and 
has cropped heavily every year since. 
Many hybrids have been grown from it, 
pollinated with the best procurable 
varieties of European, Japan and native 
chestnuts, and the native large fruited 
chinquapin known as the Rush. Last 
year we described (page 824, Nov. 9,) 
the first of the cross-bred seedlings to 
fruit. This had a Japan variety for the 
pollen parent, and ripened nuts in 18 
months from planting. They were larger 
than the average native chestnut, of 
sweet quality, three burs containing 
three plump nuts each. This promising 
youngster has grown about five feet high 
at the end of the third year, but did not 
again bear this season. Two more Japan 
chestnut x chinquapin crosses have since 
6 
PARENT WILD CHINQUAPIN AND NEW 
PARAGON CHINQUAPIN. 
PARAGON CHESTNUT ABOVE. Natural 
Size. Fig. 393. 
fruited. They are characterized by 
small burs with scanty bronze-red 
prickles, each containing a single large, 
brightly colored and well-flavored nut.’ 
The gem of the lot, however, we con¬ 
sider to be the Paragon chinquapin here 
figured. The nuts are glossy dark brown 
in color, with very little fuzz about the 
stem, round and heavy, with a larger 
kernel than at first appears. The qual¬ 
ity, judging from the few available 
specimens, appears equal to any native 
chestnut. The little tree w r as planted 
in poor soil and is now about six feet 
high, showing no inclination to sucker 
up in shrub fashion like the typical 
dwarf chinquapin. The foliage most re¬ 
sembles the chinquapin in form, as 
shown in the center leaf, Fig. 391, page 
835, but is almost devoid of the white 
down so conspicuous on the under sur¬ 
face of the wild chinquapin. What this 
handsome hybrid has in store for the 
nut-grower remains to be .worked out. 
If productive enough at a moderate age 
it might make possible the production 
of good market nuts on trees small 
enough to be defended from the new 
chestnut disease. 
Schnadelbach’s Seedling Chestnut. 
—The gigantic nut shown in natural size 
in Fig. 390, page 835, was raised by 
Julius Schnadelbach, Grand Bay, Ala¬ 
bama, from a nut borne by the early- 
ripening “Japan Mammoth” chestnut 
disseminated nearly 20 years ago. Japan 
Mammoth bears very large nuts, gener¬ 
ally two in a bur, but we do not recol¬ 
lect any quite as bulky as those Mr. 
Schnadelbach sends. There were two 
in each bur as usual, each nut perfect 
and containing a “meat” almost as large 
as a moderate potato. The quality when 
eaten raw was very tolerable for a Japan 
variety, being neither bitter nor as¬ 
tringent. The flesh was solid through¬ 
out, having no divisions filled with bitter 
skin as is commonly the case with very 
large chestnuts. A dozen of these 
monsters, properly boiled or roasted, 
would come near making a hearty meal 
for a workingman. We all know that 
cooked chestnuts are a wholesome and 
nourishing food. Japan chestnuts are 
of particular interest now on account of 
their resistance to the new and highly 
infectious canker that is destroying our 
forest natives by wholesale. The Euro¬ 
pean chestnut and chinquapin readily 
yield to the pest, but the Japan kinds, 
though apparently not immune, are 
rarely attacked by it. The Japan kinds 
we now have are inferior both as timber 
and fruiting trees to the native and 
European varieties, but we are assured 
there are good varieties in Corea and 
eastern China that may prove highly use¬ 
ful. An agricultural explorer, on behalf 
of the National Department of Agricul¬ 
ture, will soon visit the Orient in the 
hope of securing the best sorts. The 
early bearing, productiveness and large 
size of nuts of the Asiatic chestnuts go 
far to offset their low quality, dwarf 
growth and tenderness. If disease resis¬ 
tance is a general characteristic, they 
ma}? prove of the greatest value. 
The Rush Chinquapin bears a won¬ 
derfully fine crop this year. A little 
root-graft tree planted in 1903 produced 
a full quart of excellent sweet nuts as 
large as most woodland chestnuts. This 
tree is scarcely more than six feet high, 
and about as broad in spread of 
branches. It has borne an increasing 
number of nuts each season for the last 
three 3 ’ears. The 3 ' have always been free 
from weevil larvae. There is every rea¬ 
son to regard this fine variety as a 
natural h 3 -brid between the native chest¬ 
nut and chinquapin. The nuts have been 
figured and described in The R. N.-Y. 
in past years. As before stated the orig¬ 
inal tree grows in Lancaster County, 
Pa., is about 40 feet high and bears 
heav 3 r crops almost every 3 ’ear. 
• 
The Wild Chestnut Crop is quite 
profuse. Active nut hunters had little 
difficulty in gathering 100 quarts or so 
apiece. The nuts are generally free 
from “worms” or weevil grubs. These 
pests appear to have been nearly starved 
out by the crop failure last year. Nut 
gatherers report alarming prevalence of 
“canker,” as the 3 r term the new fungus 
disease that is killing chestnut timber 
everywhere in eastern New York and 
New Jersey. As is now well known, the 
spores are carried miles by wind and 
lodge in crevices of the bark, producing 
a destructive fungus that grows about 
the branch or trunk, under the bark, 
feeding on the alburnum or tender sap- 
wood, soon killing all parts above. Trees 
may be affected in 20 places at the same 
time, and apparent^ can only live a sea¬ 
son or two after infection. A favorite 
place for starting is at the base of the 
trunk, thus cutting off all chance of sur¬ 
vival. Scientists in the employ of both 
State and nation are earnestly studying 
this formidable pest in the hope of finally 
staying its course, or at least finding 
varieties reasonably resistant to it. 
W. V. F. 
J 
It is leak, leak, leak, all the time. 
Every leak does some damage to the building. 
Every leak means a repair bill. 
Why not get a roofing that wont leak ? 
RUBEROID ROOFING 
Trade Mark Reg. U. S. Pat. Ofiioe 
can be depended upon at all times and under all conditions. 
It has a record of over 16 years of satisfactory service 
— a record unapproached by any other prepared roofing. 
Ruberoid wears longer than metal or shingles and costs 
less. It will not melt, rot, crack or rust. 
And it protects you from fire. 
Any handy man can lay it. 
Write to-day for FREE Samples and Booklet No. 35. 
THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY 
loo WILLIAM STREET. NEW YORK 
Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, Boston, Philadelphia, New Orleans 
SAN JOSE SCALE 
Killed with Lime Sulphur Wash made 
with Bergenport Brand Sublimed 
FLOWERS of SULPHUR 
T. & S. C. WHITE CO., 
100 William Street, - - New York. 
WE ARE THE ONLY 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
LIME 
SAN JOSE SCALE>. 
KILLER 
KIL-O-SCALE is the most reliable rem¬ 
edy for Scale. Ready for use by simply 
mixing with water. We also sell Spray¬ 
ing Outfits. Write for catalogue. 
HENRY A. DREER, - Philadelphia, Pa. 
h will pay you to Spray your Fruit 
IlUA T Trees and Vines for protection from 
^ 9 scale and all insect pests and fungus 
■ 1B diseases. FREE Instruction Book 
shows the famous Garfield, Empire King 
Orchard, Monarch, Leader and other sprayers; also 
gives a lot of formulas and other valuable information. 
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO- No. 2 11th St- Elmira. N. Y. 
GET THE BEST 
A Good Spray Pump earns 
big profits and lasts for years. 
THE ECLIPSE 
is a good pump. As 
^practical fruit grow¬ 
ers we were using common 
sprayers in our own orchards 
—found their defects and 
invented the Eclipse. Its 
success forced us to manu¬ 
facturing on a larpi scale. 
You take no ch ances. We 
have done all the experi¬ 
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog 
and Treatise on spraying FREE. 
MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
MAKING A SPECIAL GRADE OF PURE 
AGRICULTURAL LIME 
-4- 
No Air-Slacked Lime, Stone or Rub¬ 
bish, runs about the size of chestnut 
coal. Easy to handle and spread, 
yields large bulk when slacked. 
96% PURE 
—♦— 
WRITE FOR PRICES 
NEW JERSEY LIME CO., 
HAMBURG, N. J. 
15 Cents a Rod 
Fora22-lnch Hog Fence; 16efor 
26- Inch ; 19e for 31-lnch; 22 l-2e 
for 34-1 nch; 27e for a 47-lneh 
Farm Fence. BO-lnch Poultry 
Fence 87c. Lowest prices ever 
made. Sold on 30 days trial. 
Catalog f ree. W rite f or 11 today. 
KITSELMAN BROS., 
BOX 230, M UNCI E, INO. 
APPLE BARRELS 
—Car Lots or Less. 
Prompt shipment. 
R. Gillies, Medina,N.Y. 
“For the Land’s Sake use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those who till it.”—Adv. 
“FRIEND” BULLETIN. 
Buyers of 1909 model “FRIEND” LOWER 
SPRAYERS, Dated Gasport,N.Y..October 19,1908. 
Edward Somers, Arkansas. 
Brigham Bros., New York. 
Clark Allis, New York. 
Manhattan State Hospital, New York. 
David H. Smith, New York- 
J P. Campbell, Florida. 
Geo. W. Luff, Agent, New York. 
Geo. Stimer, New York. 1 
Asa Baldwin, New York. I Geo. Luff, 
Je6se See, New York. j Agent. 
Julius Budde, New York. J 
P. E. Nostrand, Long Island. 
L. B. Walton, Michigan. 
J. B. Wilson, New York Agent, 4 Outfits. 
J. E. Brown, New York Agent, 2 Outfits. 
H. P. Deinarest, New York. 
Fruit growers who want their names to appear 
with this list next month must speak now. Tell us 
what you are in need of and we’ll do the rest. 
“FRIEND” MANUFACTURING CO. 
FUMA 
AiPBIKH Kk Prairie Dogs, 
n m h rm Woodchucks, Gophers, 
and Grain Insects. 
"The wheels of the gods 
grind slow but exceed¬ 
ingly small.” So the weevil, but you can stop their 
£ witk ‘‘Fuma Carbon Bisulphide are doing. 
EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y. 
CLARK’S DOUBLE ACTION “CUTAWAY” HARROW 
WITH EXTENSION HEAD is made especially for Orchard work. It 
will increase your crops 25 to 50 per cent. This machine will cut from 
28 to 30 acres, or will double-cut 15 acres in a day, It is drawn by two 
medium horses. It will move 15,000 tons of earth one foot in a day, and 
can be set to move the earth hut little, or at so great an angle as.to move all 
the earth one foot. Runs true in line of draft and keeps the surface true. 
All other disk harrows have to run in n ra? * BIG 
halt lap. 
The Jointed Pole takes all 
the weight off the horses 
necks, and keeps their heels 
away from the disks. 
We make 130 sizes and styles of Disk 
Harrows. Every machine fully warranted. 
Entire satisfaction guaranteed. 
Send to-day for FREE Rootlet with full particulars. 
DOUBLE 
ACTION 
Harrow 
CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY, 839 Main St., HIGGANUM, CONN. 
a CORDS IM 10 HOURS BY ONE MAH 
RUNS EASY; NO BACKACHE. 
Springs can 
be adjusted 
to suit a boy 
12 years old 
or (he 
strongest 
man. 
Easily 
Carried. 
Folds 
Like a 
Pocket 
Knife. 
With our Folding Sawing Machine. Saws any kind ol timber. Instantly adjusted to cut log square on rough or level 
ground. Operator always stands straight. On© man can saw more with it than two men can in any other way* and do it 
easier. Saw blades 6 , 6% or 7 It. long Champion, Diamond or Lance Teeth, to suit your timber. Send for Free 
Catalog showing latest Improvements, giving testimonials from thousands. First order secures agency. ^ 
FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO., 158-164 E. Harrison St„ Chicago, Illinois. 
Don’t Neglect 66 
Fall Spraying 
Fall Spraying 
is Best. 
YVe guarantee it to kill San «Tos© Scale and all soft-bodiec. sucking insects. It also contains fungicidal properties. 
Greatest Effectiveness. Least Expense and Labor, Endorsed by Leading Horticulturists, Fruit Browers and Experiment Stations. 
Write ns to-day for Booklet N, with full particulars, and FREE Sample. 
IB. C3r. T*ratt Company, Cliomlsts, 50 Church Street, !!>□"© Yorli City 
