854 
THE RURAL 
NEW-YORKER 
November 7, 
RULES FOR MEASURING HAY. 
We often have questions about figuring 
the weight of hay in a mow or stack. The 
following, taken from Bulletin 155 of the 
Kansas Experiment Station, will do to 
keep on hand : 
The rules for measuring hay in the 
stack may vary according to the length 
of time the hay has been stacked and the 
kind and quality of the hay, and also 
according to the character of the stack. 
With Alfalfa hay which has been stacked 
for 30 days, it is usual to compute an 
eight-foot cube, or 512 cubic feet, as a 
ton. When the hay has been stacked 
five or six months, usually a 7^-foot 
cube, or 422 cubic feet, is calculated for 
a ton. In old, fully settled stacks, it is 
usual to allow a seven-foot cube, or 343 
cubic feet, for a ton, or sometimes, in 
very large stacks or mows, only 216 
cubic feet, or a six-foot cube, are al¬ 
lowed per ton in weight. 
The volume of mow is readily secured 
simply by multiplying together the 
length, width and height. There are dif¬ 
ferent methods for measuring hay in the 
stack, depending upon the shape of the 
stack and also upon its size. With a 
long stack or rick, the usual method is 
to throw a line over the stack, measur¬ 
ing the distance in feet from the bottom 
of the stack on one side to the bottom 
on the other; add to this the average 
width of the stack in feet, divide this 
sum by four (which gives one side of 
the square) and multiply the quotient 
by itself, and this product by the length 
of the stack in feet. This will give the 
number of cubic feet in the stack, which 
may be divided by 512, 422 or 343, in 
order to find the number of tons. For 
small, low ricks, the rule is to substract 
the width from the “over,” divide by 
two, multiply by the width and multiply 
the product by the length, dividing the 
result by the number of cubic feet in a 
ton. 
There is no established rule for meas¬ 
uring round stacks, but this one will 
approximate the contents of a stack of 
ordinary conical form: “Find the cir¬ 
cumference at or above the base or 
‘bulge’ at a height that will average the 
base from there to the ground; find 
the vertical height of the measured cir¬ 
cumference from the ground and the 
slant height from the measured circum¬ 
ference to the top of the stack, taking 
all measurements in feet. Multiply the 
circumference by itself and divide by 
100 and multiply by eight, then multiply 
the result by the height of the base, 
plus one-third of the slant height of 
top.” The hay in a round stack is 
usually less compact than in a rectang¬ 
ular stack, hence a greater number of 
feet should be allowed for a ton—with 
well-settled hay, probably 512 cubic feet. 
The rules given may also be used in 
measuring any kind of hay, or cane or 
Kaffir fodder, but with cane or Kaffir 
only approximate results may be secured 
by stack measurements, because the fod¬ 
der is apt to vary greatly in weight ac¬ 
cording to the moisture it contains. 
THE CONNECTICUT DEER LAW. 
My neighbor, Mr. Knapp, shot an¬ 
other deer in his orchard while it was 
destroying a fruit tree. He used a 44-100 
Winchester rifle, but he loaded the shells 
with the largest size buckshot. He re¬ 
ported the killing to the warden. He 
was arrested for killing the deer il¬ 
legally. The law states that a man can 
shoot deer in this State if it is doing 
actual damage, but he must use a shot¬ 
gun, and according to our highest 
authority he was using a shotgun—see 
Webster’s Unabridged or Scientific 
American. I procured the best counsel 
that could be had, regardless of cost, as 
I was authorized to do by the best class 
of men all over New England to de¬ 
fend Mr. Knapp. After a hard fight 
by the warden and Prosecuting Attor¬ 
ney Ives of our town, Judge Booth said 
in giving his decision that in his 
opinion if Mr. Knapp should use a 
cannon to shoot the deer with and the 
cannon was loaded with powder and 
buckshot he should call it a shotgun, and 
he found Mr. Knapp not guilty. What 
a victory for us farmers who have had 
our crops destroyed by deer and have 
been unable to get just damage from 
the State! If this court had found him 
guilty we were prepared to appeal to a 
higher court and put the case before 12 
good men. People all over New Eng¬ 
land were offering their time and money 
to defend Mr. Knapp and their rights as 
American citizens. c. h. brundage. 
Connecticut_ 
TILE WELLS. 
On page 805 a correspondent spoke 
of tile wells made of terra cotta. A 
number of our readers have asked to 
know what these tile wells are and how 
they are put down. Mr. J. Elliott, who 
wrote the former article, tells us that 
these terra cotta tiles are straight pipes 
without hubs. The joints are fastened 
together with galvanized sheet iron 
bands and enough Portland cement to 
fit the joints tightly. At the bottom of 
the first tile, which is run into the 
ground, there is a casting of iron, the 
bottom of it expanded three inches in 
diameter larger than the tile. It is 
tapered to a sharp point like an ax all 
around. Thus it cuts the hole large 
enough for the tile to pass through, and 
is perforated with holes. When the tile- 
is started in the ground the operator 
bores inside the tile with an earth auger, 
and as the sand and earth are taken 
out the tile settles down, and as it 
settles additional tiles are placed on top 
until a sufficient depth of water is 
reached. When this is done the bottom 
of the well is cleaned out with a sand 
bucket, and about a pailful of screened 
gravel is put at the bottom, so the 
water filters through it into the pump. 
There are three sizes of tile used; 
usually eight-inch for hand pumps, wind¬ 
mills or hot-air engines; for power 
pumps a 12-inch tile is used and for a 
larger use an 18-inch. Of course, these 
wells cannot be put down where there 
are large rocks or bowlders, as, of 
course, it will be impossible to bore 
through these. When small stones are 
reached they arc taken up through the 
tile with a grapple which is made for 
the purpose. These tile wells appear 
to be designed chiefly for sandy land, 
open soils where there are no rocks to 
interfere with the drilling. 
SHEEP FOR NEW ENGLAND. 
Will you kindly advise me what breed or 
breeds of sheep are best adapted to general 
New England conditions where both wool 
and meat are a consideration? Also please 
state reasons why they are the best. 
Connecticut. A. b. c. 
As I have stated in these columns 
recently, I believe the best sheep for 
New England, where wool and meat 
are of equal consideration, are the mut¬ 
ton Merinos, Delaines or Rambouillets. 
They are hardy sheep, much less liable 
to disease than the strictly mutton 
breeds, well adapted to hilly, broken 
pastures. They do not require the 
housing and high feeding of the 
above-mentioned, although I would by 
no means imply that there is any profit 
in any sheep if neglected and underfed. 
They are heavy shearers and their wool 
brings nearly as much per pound as 
that of the longer stapled, coarser 
breeds of sheep. They give a good 
lamb that sells well for mutton, but not 
so heavy or desirable as those from 
the “Downs,” but an excellent lamb to 
feed during the Winter. The ewes are 
good mothers, large milkers, and if it 
is desired will breed very early in (lie 
season. edward van alstyne. 
K. H. DEYO & CO., 
BINGHAMTON, N.Y., 28Washington St. 
BOUT. W. HART, Mgr. 
BOSTON, 73 Washington Street, N. 
MAI.I.AI.IKIT & CONRKY 
PHILADELPHIA, 1818 Market St. 
To Insure prompt deliveries we carry a full line 
of engines and parts with ail our representatives 
E. J. BACHMANN 
KEMPTON, Pa. 
WALLACE BROS. 
NORFOLK, Va. 
ROBT. W. HART, 
Olds Gas Power Co., 
Boston, Mass. 
E. J. BACHMANN, 
Kemptou, l*a. 
J. C. WALLACE, JR. 
of Wallace Bros., 
Norfolk, Va. 
“ 1 guarantee every Olds Engine that leaves the fac¬ 
tors in perfect running order. I do not spend much 
time in the office. 1 am out in the shop with my 
coat off watching every detail. 
By keeping right out around the workmen, seeing 
that all the little things are actually done, I know the 
engine you get is all right and that the high Olds 
standard is maintained. I also know the engine is 
‘Best by every test,’ because I look after the testing and 
inspecting myself. They are the best you can buy, 
whether you pay less or more than the Olds price.” 
J. B. SEAGER, Gen’l Mgr. 
The Olds Engine is not only the best, but it is the cheapest engine you can buy It is the simplest in construction, 
most economical to run, will do your work at the smallest expense and do -s not get out of order. 
This company has been making engines— and nothing else - for thirty years. We are engi ie specialists. It stands to 
reason that a big, successful concern like this that 
makes one thing must make that one thing well. 
Our new factory is the most complete and up-to- 
date engine factory in the United States. Because 
of its complete equipment we can build engines of 
the highest ' efficiency at the very lowest cost. 
That is why we can give you a durable, simple, 
strong, highest-grade, perfect-working, long-lived en¬ 
gine at a low price. This liberal proposition is the 
crowning reason on top of a lot of good common 
sense ones why you should buy an Olds Engine 
and none other. 
R. H. DtYO, 
of K. II. DoyoJc Co., Binghamton,N.Y. 
F. T. MACY, 
of K. II. DeyoJc Co., Binglmim« 
S. M. MALLALIEU, 
of a Con re?. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Do Not Think of Buying an Engine Until You Have Got This Proposition. 
Wc have any kind of an engine you want. Our new catalogue tells about them in 
detail. I especially want to call your attention to our Hopper Jacket Engine on skids or 
wheels, 3 to 12 h. p. Ready to run when you get it. Fill it with gasoline, throw on the 
switch, turn the wheels—that’s all. No piping to connect, nothing to set up, always 
ready, can be moved anywhere. All Olds Engines run properly, arc easy to start 
winter or summer. The U. S. Government uses them. 
S. CONREY, 
of Mallaiieu \ Convey, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
It will save you money. When a company like this, the oldest and biggest exclusive 
gasoline engine manufacturers in the country, make such a proposition, it means something. 
I have placed my proposition in the hands of our representatives. Write to them or to me 
and you will receive it by return mail. 
JAS. B. SEAGER, General Manager, Olds Gas Power Co. 
OLDS GAS POWER CO., 
HOME OFFICE==908 Seager Street, Lansing, Mich. 
DO NOT FAIL TO WRITE 
FOR OUR NEW CATALOG 
and the liberal proposition at once. 
Address the home office or any repre¬ 
sentative. Do not buy any other engine 
until you get my liberal proposition. 
It is something unusual. You certainly 
want to know about it. 
OLDS PNEUMATIC 
WATER SYSTEM. 
Reliable, simple and economical 
for water in the farm house. 
Let us know your requirements 
and we will make you a price. 
Satisfaction Guaranteed. 
I Want You to Get 
The Most Liberal Proposition 
Ever Made on a Gasoline Engine. 
Oub 
^ENGINES 
FOR GASOLINE, 
KEROSENE and GAS 
