874 
THE RURAL 
NEW-YORKER 
November 14 ; 
COST OF OAT CROP. 
At the time The R. N.-Y. of October 
3 reached me I was making some math¬ 
ematical calculations about my oat crop 
for 1898, and as I read about “A Crop 
of Grain,” page 763, I must admit a 
feeling of satisfaction to think that my 
oat crop was nearer a success than the 
Cape Vincent crop. The crop was raised 
on a farm that in the 90’s, for about 
10 years, was an abandoned farm and on 
land that would be valued at $10 per 
acre. This piece of land was plowed 
late and buckwheat sown in 1907. The 
drill showed just 10 acres. I finished 
work on the piece May 26, 1908. I 
think there had not been spread on this 
field 30 loads of manure in as many 
years. The plowing was done this 
Spring, just in time to harrow and sow 
in May. 
It seems from results obtained from 
the field of oats that it might be more 
profitable, price of grain considered, to 
make less milk and raise more grain, 
thereby avoiding some irritation from 
city boards of health; cost follows: 
Plowing .10 acres at $1.50.....'...$ 15.00 
22% bushels seed oats, at 70c. 15.75 
Dragging . 10.00 
Smoothing . 3.00 
Drawing stones . 6.00 
Drilling, at 75c. 7.50 
1.700 phosphate, 2-9-3. 23.80 
1850 phosphate, 10-8. 19.89 
Thrashing . 9.40 
Help to to thrash. 8.00 
Hauling grain . 7.00 
Heaping and twine. 12.50 
Interest on land at 6 per cent. 0.00 
Taxes . 1 -50 
Setting up grain . 2.50 
Total .$147.84 
There was a volunteer crop of buck¬ 
wheat that seemed to make about one- 
quarter the bulk, and as we have to pay 
64 cents for oats and can get from 90 
cents to $1 for buckwheat, I call the 
value of this mixture 75 cents per 
bushel. Straw sells at the farm at $6. 
I had a good growth, but I may have 
estimated the amount of straw too high. 
$40 may be nearer right. I had thrash¬ 
ers’ measure: 
376 bushels, at 75 cents.$282.00 
Straw, eight to 10 tons, at $6. 50.00 
Total .$332.00 
Deduct for seed, labor and fertilizer. $147.84 
Leaving a profit of.$.184.16 
Would dairying pay as well? Does it 
pay to buy feed when you can raise it at 
a good profit? Does it pay to have 
abandoned farms? Would it not pay 
better for farmer boys to stay on the 
farm where they are sure of the com¬ 
forts of life, where they have plenty of 
pure food and the living such that a 
king might envy, rather than go to a 
town or city where only a few from the 
farm ever have more than a mere liv¬ 
ing? C. w. SMITH. 
PRODUCTS, PRICES AND TRADE. 
Butter. —The better grades of creamery 
are one cent higher. Present receipts show 
an increased proportion of poor flavors 
both in creamery and dairy butter, a con¬ 
dition usually noted at the beginning of 
Winter. Many cows are nearing the end 
of their milk period, and changes of feed 
and stabling all have their effect. It is a 
trying time for the buttermaker, and the 
wonder is that as good a product can be 
turned out from the mixed receipts at the 
average creamery. At carefully conducted 
private dairies less variation is noted. The 
writer knows dairymen of this class where 
practically no poor butter is turned out 
during the whole year. Of course the 
flavor in Winter is different from that made 
on grass but it is preferred by many. Some 
of the choicest of this dairy butter is made 
from sour cream, the milk set in the old- 
fashioned shallow pan and not skimmed 
until sour. 
Young Layers Wanted. —“Can you give 
me the name of a commission house where 
I can buy pullets that are all right (that 
is. not sick) : some one that I can send 
$25 and get my money's worth of healthy 
stock?” E. s. s. 
Long Island. 
The conditions under which live fowls 
are received at the commission houses in 
large markets like New York favor the 
spread of disease. Ovei’crowding, bad air, 
drafts and a general stirring up of the 
hen’s nervous system, make this source of 
supply far less desirable for replenishing 
one’s stock than shipments direct. from the 
farm. Several cases have been noted where 
the whole flock has been salted with roup 
from fowls bought in the live poultry mar¬ 
kets of this city. If one has a separate 
house where the new arrivals can be quar¬ 
antined for a time the risk is lessened,. 
Considering the ruling prices for eggs there 
is but little inducement for selling pul¬ 
lets. and the proportion of desirable j T oung 
hens noted in the receipts here is small. 
There are plenty of old hens, with em¬ 
phasis on the old. The inquirer has been 
given the names of several of the largest 
dealers here, but it is better for the buyer 
to pick out the birds if reasonably near 
the city. Sometimes a small advertisement 
in the local paper of a farming section 
where nearly everyone keeps hens will reach 
people who. on account of not keeping pure¬ 
bred stock, do not advertise. In many 
flocks the proportion of roosters is large. 
One of the writer’s neighbors, out of a 
hatch of 125 had 75 roosters, and other 
hatches even more unfavorable have been 
noted. This would not be so bad in a 
purebred flock where the cockerels seJJ 
ouite readily above meat prices. It is a 
common custom with some large egg farm¬ 
ers to have the pullets raised in small lots 
bv farmers on contract to be delivered at a 
certain time. 
Poultry. —Supplies for Thanksgiving are 
already arriving and going into cold stor¬ 
age. The low prices ruling now have en¬ 
couraged speculative holding. Turkey prices 
are about on a par with last year, though 
the proportion of thin stock is larger. The 
same is true of other poultry, owing to the 
drought and high prices of grain. The 
choicest dry-packed poultry for Thanksgiv¬ 
ing does not arrive until the week before 
the holiday. To strike the best market it 
ought to be on hand by Friday, November 
20. There is usually heavy wholesale buy¬ 
ing the following Monday and Tuesday, but 
it is risky for shippers to wait so late, as 
the packages may be delayed in transit, 
arriving too late and thus meeting the dull 
market that always follows a holiday. 
Poultry for New York should be killed by 
sticking in the mouth and left undrawn. 
Dry-picked sells best, especially if the 
weather is sticky. The birds should be 
kept without food long enough to empty the 
crops but not make them gaunt. In hand¬ 
ling before killing be careful not to bruise 
them, as the discolored spots injure the sale 
Use clean barrels or boxes and pack closely 
to avoid shaking about. If straw is used 
in top or bottom of package the poultry 
should be covered with clean paper or 
muslin, as otherwise the straw sticks to it. 
Where possible grade the stock, puttinr 
culls in a separate package. Wholesale buy¬ 
ers who wait until Monday of Thanksgiv¬ 
ing week are usually in a hurry and glad 
to take straight packages of turkeys with¬ 
out a long job of waiting. A package of 
straight quality will be taken at once at 
the top price, whereas a mixed lot would 
be discounted for more than the real dif¬ 
ference in value. In many cases a package 
of poultry that opens up nicely is more 
than half sold. No one can tell what prices 
a Thanksgiving market will develop, but it 
looks as though fair turkeys could be had 
at retail at 20 cents or a little over. 
w. w. rr. 
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