1908. 
©13 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
INFLUENCE OF STOCK ON SCION. 
The Problem of Inferior Trees. 
“A writer in The R. N.-Y. refers to a 
peculiar experience in growing Baldwin 
apples. lie purchased two lots of Baldwins 
from different nurserymen in Western 
New York. They were set on the same soil, 
given the same treatment. One lot of trees 
grew very thriftily while the other made 
very slow and indifferent growth. He won¬ 
ders what was the cause, and assumes that 
in one case he secured trees on a dwarf 
stock and In the other on standard stock. 
Of course there is little probability that the 
Baldwins were on regular dwarf stock, for 
this stock differs materially from the stock 
of commerce and is so much more expensive 
that a nurseryman would not be at all 
likely to select it, or get it by mistake. On 
the other hand we have two classes of 
stock, namely that which is grown in this 
country either from seed produced abroad or 
from seed secured in New England; and 
then we have the stock which is grown in 
France and imported direct. If we use 
French seed there should be no difference 
in the product. If, however, the stock is 
grown from New England apple seed which 
Is collected by the cider mills where the 
fruit of seedlings and poor grades of named 
varieties comes, there might be considerable 
difference in the character of this stock and 
the European. We do not anticipate, how¬ 
ever, that the difference is sufficient to cause 
any material variation in growth of the 
scion placed upon it. In the case of the 
lot which has grown so poorly, we would 
be more inclined to examine the conditions 
under which it was originally grown witli a 
view of ascertaining its freedom from dis- 
visited me more than 20 years ago, and 
he decided that there were three types of the 
Speciosa, and for convenience in describing 
them I will number them, 1, 2, and 3. No. 
1 is an upright grower, much like a young 
chestnut, and attains a height of 90 to 100 
feet in the bottom lands; bears a long, al¬ 
most straight pod, rather thick, and dark 
colored, 14 to 16 inches long, and is very 
prolific in seeds. The wood from this tree 
is very straight grained, and splits nicely, 
and makes the finest finish lumber for dwell¬ 
ings that I know of, but it is not a good 
timber for posts, as it does not have much 
of that resinous or gummy matter in it, 
that wards off the large ants that eat 
the posts off just below the surface of the 
ground. I have found this out by costly 
experience, as I have used more than 12.000 
of the posts for fence and grape stakes. 
No. 2 is not as straight a grower when 
young as No. 1, but as it gets older it 
makes a fine tree. It needs pruning at the 
start to make a nice plantation; the pods 
on this tree are long and nehrly straight, 
much slimmer than on No. 1, and are a 
bright mahogany color, and well filled with 
seeds, but it does not bear every year (like 
No. 1), and is a splendid post timber. I 
have posts from it that have been set 30 
years and are good yet. The bark on these 
two types described is a light ash gray and 
corky. No. 3 is a very slow grower, and 
never gets to be a large tree; the pods on 
this tree are not more than half as long 
as the others, and are very crooked, and 
full of seeds, but the seed does not germinate 
readily like the others. The bark is very 
dark and inclines to be rather a shell-bark ; 
the wood of this tree is the most durable 
post timber I ever saw. I have po^ts frdm 
CRIMSON CLOVER AND COW-HORN TURNIPS IN CORN. Fig. 426 . 
ease or vigor as affected by climatic condi¬ 
tions. However, the question opens up a 
rather interesting field for experiment.”— 
National Nurseryman. 
We were quite interested in a late article 
in relation to an orchard where half the 
trees proved inferior from some cause. About 
a dozen years ago we set eight acres of 
Baldwins, a little more than half the first 
season and finished the next Spring with 
new trees ordered that season from the same 
nursery as the previous season. The last 
trees were of fair to good size and fairly 
thrifty, hut showed they were quite a little 
older than the first lot, which were nice, 
thrifty straight trees. We set the best of 
them, but do what we would they have never 
as a whole proved satisfactory in growth, 
and quite a few have died outright, with 
some half dozen which proved untrue to 
label, something that never happened from 
that nursery before. Whether they were 
grown by the parties who sold them or not 
we were satisfied they were cull trees taken 
from the rows when the ground was cleared, 
trimmed and cut back and then forced into 
trees which were sold as first class. We 
would not take such trees at any price or 
set them under any conditions. We now 
grow all our orchard trees two years after 
buying, and throw out all weak or inferior 
ones. h. o. MEAD. 
CATALPA FOR POSTS. 
On page 800 I see an article from TI. C. 
Rogers on the durability of Catalpa posts. 
Tie says he has investigated the lasting 
qualities of this timber in the Wabash 
Valley, and finds a great difference in the 
lasting qualities of the posts. I have been 
familiar with the region from Vincennes to 
Cairo for 50 years, and I find what he says 
is true, but I think the difference in the 
lasting qualities comes from a difference 
in kind of Catalpa used. Dr. Warder of 
Ohio, the man who named the Speciosa, 
it that have been set for 39 years, and 
they are good for years yet. 
I think Mr. Rogers is making a mistake 
in setting 1,000 trees to the acre ; 500 will 
be more profitable in the years to come. My 
best plantation is set 8x,10 feet, and it is 
worth more than double the one that is set 
6 x8 feet. When set close, expecting to cut 
out a part of them you will leave a stump 
in the land that will draw on the land the 
same as a tree; it will send up a lot of 
sprouts that will never amount to any¬ 
thing, and still rob the tree that is left;while 
if set wider the one tree will have as much 
timber in it as both crowded trees will. 
One more point; don’t thin out a Catalpa 
plantation ; when they get large enough to 
cut, cut everything clean, then you can train 
up one or two of the young sprouts from 
the stump and have a fine cutting of posts 
from them in seven or eight years. If you 
thin the trees you leave will overgrow the 
young shoots and you will not have a nice 
and profitable plantation g. w. endicott. 
Illinois. 
Docks and Scum.— Tell L. V. S., Glou¬ 
cester, N. ,T., to keep a few ducks on his 
lily pond, and he will not have any more 
slimy scum or duckweed. This is a sure 
cure. d. E. L. 
Pandora, O. 
Ten Miles From a Tinker. —When my 
garden sprinkler ‘‘sprung a leak” early in the 
Summer of 1907, to make it hold water for 
the time being I dropped a piece of paraffin, 
such as my wife uses in sealing her fruit 
cans, into the sprinkler, and holding it over 
the stove until it melted I let the melted 
paraffin flow over the leak so as to give suc¬ 
cessive layers, and allowed it to cool before 
use. It has been in constant use ever since 
with no signs of leaking. Of course the 
plan would not work with any utensil in 
which you wished to heat the contents. 
Grand Rapids, Mich. b. b. 
pW. Cod oj a ^dcjstv0}vz^ 
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