1908. 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
eis 
Apple Pomace for Mulching Trees. ens them to some extent so that they 
In replying to your article on value of will grind easier, and also takes out 
apple pomace I might say don’t use the 
stuff around the trees. Some years ago 
I was running a cider mill in connection 
with an evaporator and also some cus¬ 
tom work. I noticed all around the 
pomace heap that there was no grass 
growing, and I suggested to my father 
that we put it around some apple trees 
to kill.the grass (trees had been planted 
about 20 years). We succeeded in kill¬ 
ing the grass, also some of the trees, 
and set the others back for several years 
till we could get it well manured around 
the trees, and now we have the orchard 
doing nicely again. We aim to let the 
pigs run in for a month before picking, 
say September, to gather all the wormy 
apples that fall, and this year we found 
less Railroad worm there than in almost 
any other orchard around, as I get the 
culls from many orchards at the evapo¬ 
rator to compare with. w. c. D. 
Rossmore, Ont. 
R. N.-Y.—We believe that lime scat¬ 
tered on the ground under the trees or 
over the pomace will overcome the diffi¬ 
culty. We think it is caused by souring 
the soil. 
Pumping from Well. 
J. E. II., Kinzers, Pa .—I want some¬ 
time before long to put in a gasoline pump¬ 
ing outfit. My well is under the back 
porch. I do not want the engine to stand 
on this porch. I would build a house 
about 30 feet away from the well and there 
put my engine and pump. Could I do 
this? I want to force the water to a 
tank in the. barn about 120 feet away from 
well. My well is 20 feet deep. Some of 
your readers must know whether this can 
bo done and done right. 
Ans.—A pumping plant for this well 
can be operated by a gasoline engine 
in several ways. By the use of a 
pumping jack attached to an 
stick pump, it may be operated by 
a one, two or four horse power gaso¬ 
line engine, while at the same time the 
engine can be used to operate various 
other pieces of farm machinery. The 
writer has such a plant in successful 
operation. There are several gasoline 
engine builders who make and mount 
the engine and pumping outfit on the 
same base. They are also making out¬ 
fits so that the engine and pumping 
attachment can be quickly separated, 
and the engine left free to operate 
other machinery. f. d. squiers. 
Value of Ground Bones. 
most of the fat. Farmers sometimes 
ask if a long boiling in open kettles 
will take the place of this steaming. 
It will not, though the boiling will help 
somewhat. The softer bones can be 
crushed quite easily, but the hard leg 
and skull bones make a hard proposi¬ 
tion. Is there no other way to handle 
them ? In some cases where fuel is 
cheap the bones are piled in layers of 
wood and burned to what is known 
as bone-ash. In this way you will 
lose all the nitrogen, while the bone ash 
is not as available as the crushed bone. 
Where fruit is grown the bones may 
be buried deeply beside the trees—say 
two feet away. After a year or so 
you will find the roots of the tree close 
around the bone and actually feeding 
upon it. Another way to soften bones 
is to pack them in layers of wood ashes 
—keeping the mass wet with liquid 
manure. After about four months of 
this the bones, except the hardest, will 
be softened so they may be smashed 
with a heavy shovel or maul. 
Bringing Up an Old Farm. 
It. W. P., Port Clyde, Me .—I have re¬ 
cently bought a 50-aere farm here on the 
Maine coast, quit the city and settled down 
to the simple life. My property is com¬ 
pletely run out—that is, has been aban¬ 
doned for many years. In bringing the 
fields back under cultivation again, how can 
I tell just what the soil requires in the 
way of fertilizers and nourishment? Is 
there not a State Board of Agriculture at 
Augusta, whose business it would be to anal¬ 
yze a sample of this soil If I sent it to 
them, telling me what it lacked and what 
it needed? 
Ans. —Write to Maine Experiment 
Station at Orono for bulletins and ad¬ 
vice. An analysis of your soil will not 
help you much. You cannot get at its 
to ask it what it needs. To do this, 
measure off fair-sized plots, or take 
strips through a field and use the differ¬ 
ent elements of plant food separately 
and together. Nitrate of soda, acid 
phosphate and muriate of potash are 
used for this purpose because each con¬ 
tains only one element, and if it should 
increase the crop you could know what 
caused it. Use on one plot nitrate alone, 
on another potash alone, on still another 
acid phosphate alone, and on others all 
three together. Watch the crops and 
measure them carefully, and you will 
learn what the soil needs. 
ordinary rea l needs that way. The best plan is 
Lucretia Dewberry on Puget Sound. 
That would be quite a daring venture 
for your correspondent, page 804, to plant 
out an acre of this berry at Kirkland, 
Wash., unless he has seen that they suc¬ 
ceed there. They do not here at this 
point on Puget Sound, or at least very sel¬ 
dom is there a year that they will give 
a crop. They have been tried here 12 or 
15 years. But conditions are a little dif¬ 
ferent where he is on Lake Washington. 
Yet when I was for several years horticul¬ 
tural inspector of his county I seldom or 
never saw the berry doing well. The 
common Evergreen blackberry of this 
northwest coast is unsurpassed for reli¬ 
ability and profit here. It is a sort of a 
dewberry, being a running vine and mak¬ 
ing an immense growth, and so productive 
that often a single vine will yield a bushel 
at a picking. it never fails to give a 
crop. No, it didn’t come from Alaska or 
the Yukon country, from whence it is sup¬ 
posed people can be impressed to think all 
wonderful things come, but is thought to 
be native to Oregon or Washington. 
Washington . J. F. C. 
Feeding Bees. —I know nothing about 
scientific bee keeping, but some time ago I 
had a few bees, and when I thought a hive 
needed food to sustain it through the Winter 
I fed it with soft brown sugar, and fine 
oatmeal mixed, I think in about equal parts 
if I remember rightly (it is now over 60 
years ago). With this mixture they did not 
dirty themselves, nor dampen their house. 
They also ate the oatmeal. I think corn¬ 
flour would do well. Some who have to 
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feed might try this method. s. R. 
Killing Grain Weevils. —We have often 
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A. A. M., Indianapolis, Ind .—Phosphate 
rock from Tennessee will cost me here f. o. b. 
car ,$10 per ton. I can buy bones for $11 
per ton. I have power to crush or grind 
them, and would have to haul either from 
the railroad town nearby. What is their 
relative value, and which would be the bet¬ 
ter for the supply of phosphorus? I 
have plenty of stable manure, hut want to 
supply the phosphorus in larger quantities. 
Ans. —We assume that the phosphate 
rock is in the form of “floats”—that is, 
the raw rock ground to a powder but 
not treated with acid. In that case we 
would buy the bones at $11 if we had 
the power to crush or grind them. 
While it is claimed from some experi¬ 
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put in the manure pile or used on strong 
soil they' do not contain much available 
phosphoric acid. The crushed 1 one will 
give better results than the floats. An 
average sample of bone will contain 25 
per cent of phosphoric acid and per 
cent of nitrogen. Thus m the bone, ton 
for ton, you will have at least as 
much available phosphoric acid as in the 
floats, and about 70 pounds more of 
nitrogen—worth as chemicals are now 
bought about $10. The question is 
whether you can buy a hone mill and 
crush the bones for that amount of 
money. If we could buy any quantity 
of bones at that price we would cer¬ 
tainly try it. 
You must remember, however, that 
this matter of crushing bones is one of 
the hardest problems in fertilizer mak¬ 
ing. The manufacturers steam the 
bowes under high pressure. This soft- 
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