1908. 
997 
WINTER CARE OF BROOD SOWS. 
Much has been written and much has 
been said in regard to the best feeds 
for a brood sow carrying young, and 
yet many farmers still fail to under¬ 
stand the importance of this matter. 
There are two extremes in the feed¬ 
ing of a sow, both of which are wrong. 
The first extreme is a diet of corn or 
barley, the second is a diet of roots 
alone. Some feeders have discovered 
their mistake in practicing the first 
method and have then made an equally 
bad or worse, mistake in adopting the 
second method. A diet of corn or bar¬ 
ley is bad because these grains are too 
rich in the fat and heat forming ele¬ 
ments, and are deficient in the muscle 
and bone-forming elements. A diet of 
roots alone is bad, for roots although 
most valuable as an aid to digestion 
and in conjunction with other foods, 
are lacking in the materials which go 
to build up the body of a pig or to sus¬ 
tain in a healthy condition the body of 
the mother. What the sow needs is a 
combination of foods which will keep 
her in perfect health and at the same 
time build up the bodies of the embryo 
pigs which she is carrying. There is 
nothing better for this purpose than 
skim-milk thickened with equal parts 
wheat bran and middlings, or with 
ground oats and peas. A few roots, 
potato peelings, apples or cabbage leaves, 
when fed in connection with the grain 
ration, will aid digestion and promote 
the general health of the animal. A 
dry, warm bed should be provided, and 
some freedom allowed during the day, 
for exercise is as necessary as proper 
feeding. If the sow has a roomy pen, 
and is given a forkful or two of straw 
or strawy horse manure, she will get 
sufficient exercise in working this over. 
She should be kept in fairly good con¬ 
dition, not too fat, and by no means 
squealing poor. If her pen is cold, a 
little corn or barley in connection with 
the other feeds will do no harm, and 
will help to keep up the warmth of the 
body. If skim-milk is not available, 
wet up the grain with water, or feed 
the meal dry, if you prefer, and give 
clean drinking water. Where only one 
or two sows are wintered they can be 
kept in good condition on the dishwater 
and other wastes from the kitchen— 
fed with a little bran, middlings or 
provender—for these kitchen scraps con¬ 
tain particles of meat, vegetables, etc., 
and analyze very well on the surface. 
I f you have no roots, a sod every day 
or two will be appreciated by the sow, 
and will be equally as good for the 
health. The sods can be cut before the 
ground freezes and stored away for 
Winter use. Silage is _ sometimes 
recommended, but we find it rather a 
difficult matter to induce a hog to eat 
much silage; they root it out to find 
the kernels of corn and tread the resi¬ 
due under foot. But bright clover or 
Alfalfa hay they will readily eat. 
Some farmers claim to have wintered 
hogs satisfactorily on clover hay and 
roots alone—and I have no reason to 
doubt 'them—but 1 would prefer to 
feed some grain or skim-milk in con¬ 
nection with these bulky foods. The 
stomach of the hog is small and not 
intended for coarse foods altogether, 
although perhaps the mature animal 
might get along fairly well without 
concentrated foods. 
In our experience in raising pigs, we 
find that when the sow has been 
properly fed and properly handled the 
chances are there will be no trouble 
when farrowing time comes if she has a 
dry warm place and a little chaff or 
dry sawdust for a bed. The sow that 
has been wrongly fed, given little or no 
exercise, kept in a cold, wet pen and 
“regulated” with a club, is pretty apt to 
have weak, sickly pigs that die as soon 
as they are born. The sow that eats 
her pigs is not responsible for her 
action: she is crazy at the time. The 
first normal instinct of motherhood is 
preservation and protection of the 
young. The act of killing and devour¬ 
ing her offspring proves that the sow 
is in an abnormal condition—in all prob¬ 
ability caused by wrong feeding or 
wrong management, or both. A sow is 
perhaps not an ideal animal for a pet, 
but a little kindness on your part will 
soon make her tame and gentle, so that 
she can be handled with ease when 
necessary, but we never sit up at night 
with them. We endeavor to have every¬ 
thing right with the animal and with 
her surroundings, in so far as we are 
able; then we leave her quietly by her¬ 
self as she shows signs of farrowing 
and hardly ever fail to find her the 
THE BtUBtAL 
happy mother of a good strong litter 
of pigs next morning. She should be 
fed very lightly for two or three days 
after the pigs are born; a thin slop of 
bran and shorts and warm water is all 
that is necessary. As the pigs grow 
the feed should be increased, but all 
increases should be made gradually. 
The foregoing remarks arc of course 
intended to apply to sows due to far¬ 
row in the Spring. The sow that has a 
run at pasture during the Summer will 
be in the best possible condition to 
produce a good strong Fall litter. 
c. s. M. 
ALFALFA AND CORN FODDER IN 
BALANCED RATION. 
A great deal lias been said in regard to 
a grain ration when Timothy and clover is 
fed as roughage to mi'ch cows. What 
grain should be fed when Alfalfa (second 
cutting) is fed twice a day, and dry corn 
fodder is fed at noon, to make a balanced 
ration? I have been feeding a prepared 
dairy feed treated with molasses, which 
the cows like and do well on. lint a cow 
will eat sawdust and call it good if mo¬ 
lasses is applied. Would i not be money 
afiend if I could feed other feed more con¬ 
centrated? c. e. w. 
East Syracuse, N. V. 
Cows in milk are supposed to do their 
best on a combination of foods witli a 
nutritive ratio of about I :5.5, although au¬ 
thorities vary somewhat on this point. 
For example, Wolff's standard is 1 :5.4, while 
the Wisconsin standard is 1 :6.8. You do 
not state how many pounds of Alfalfa hay 
and corn fodder you are feeding per day. 
so we cannot make exact speculations in 
your ease. We will assume, however, that 
your two feeds of Alfalfa and one or corn 
fodder are in the proportion of two to one. 
which will he near enough for practical 
purposes. Your coarse fodder will then 
have a nutritive ratio of about 1:5, which 
is rather loo narrow. In order to correct 
this deficiency you will require a grain 
ration witli a nutritive ratio of about 1 :<i. 
Ground oats alone, with n nutritive ratio 
of 1 :<>.2, would he excellent ; but oats are 
usually at a premium for horse feed. A 
mixture of four pounds cormneal and four 
pounds wheat bran would he cheaper than 
the oats and probably give as good results. 
The nutritive ratio would tie 1 :G. J’rac- 
lleally the same ratio could in- obtained 
from a mixture of four pounds ground 
wheat and two pounds wheat bran. When 
an Inferior grade of wheat can lie bought 
at $28 or $24 per ton. as was possible in 
Canada last Winter, tills last ration is a 
cheap and effectual feed. Witli an abund¬ 
ance of Alfalfa hay your feeding problem 
should not be a difficult one. Some 8UCCU- 
lent foods, as roots or silage, are always 
beneficial, and. together with a smalt 
amount of grain, should be used to round 
out your ration. c. s. m. 
SORE TEATS. 
We have trouble with our cows. They 
have sore teats; the soreness seems to come 
out from the inside. Some have knots in¬ 
side. How can we cure them? J. 
Ohio. 
Perfectly cleanse, disinfect and white¬ 
wash the cow stable and then keep it clean. 
Tlie infective matters affecting the teats 
come from dirty tloors, and are carried by 
the milker's hands. Isolate affected cows. 
Wash udders and teats with a lotion coin- 
f iosed of one ounce of hyposulphite pf soda 
n a quart of water. Repeat the applica¬ 
tion twice a day and at the same time in¬ 
ject a very little peroxide of hydrogen Into 
the teat and Immediately milk it out again, 
if sores appear upon the outside of the 
teats or udder apply campho-pheniyue once 
dally: then paint with glyeerlte of tannin. 
Cleanliness is of chief importance. 
A. s. A. 
NKW'-VUK KER 
\ 
THE “ELECTION” RESULT 
THAT CONCERNED 
SEPARATOR MAKERS 
It wasn’t the “dire calamity” of the possible election 
of Bryan which caused the Pennsylvania manufacturer of 
“jobbing” cream separators to “warn” his employees to 
parade and vote for T aft—in a state with nearly half a 
million Republican majority. 
It wasn’t the hope of Bryan’s election which caused 
the “Iowa” manufacturer of “ mail order ” cream sepa¬ 
rators to offer to take on all the employes the other man 
might let go—because he was already laying off and 
cutting down the working hours of his own men. 
The ELECT ION which actually concerned them both 
and which had ALREADY taken place and had AL¬ 
READY worked “dire calamity” to their separator 
ambitions—“mailorder” and “jobbing” alike—was the 
overwhelming tidal wave ELECT ION on the part of 
1908 cream separator buyers to choose the IMPROVED 
DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS, regardless of the 
claimed “ cheapness ” of one and the red paint and 
“ talking points ” of the other. 
And now the makers of both “mail order” and “jobbing” 
cream separators are assured that it’s a case of at least 
“FOUR YEARS MORE” for the old DE LAVAL in 
its newer-and-better-than-ever form, on top of its previous 
T HIRT Y YEARS of originality and leadership. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
42 K. Madihon Stubut 
CHICAGO 
1213 A 1213 Fu.iikut St. 
PHILADELPHIA 
DltUMM A Saokamknto Stb. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
General Offices: 
165-167 BROADWAY, 
NEW YORK. 
173-177 William stukkt 
MONTREAL 
14 A lfi t'HINCKHri Stukkt 
WINNIPEG 
107 Pihht Stukkt 
PORTLAND, OREC. 
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PEG. TRADE MARA 
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Saville, Pa.. Feb. 5.1908. 
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