1908. 
&e9 
CONTENTS 
The Rural New Yorker, December 2G. 1908 
FARM TOPICS. 
Some Experience with Floats. 98G 
Great is Alfalfa. 987 
“The Bashful State’’. 987 
Application of Lime. 988 
Some Fertilizer Figuring. 988 
Prices at Canning Factories. 988 
The Agricultural Train. 989 
Stock Investments vs. Farm Improve¬ 
ments . 989 
The Value of Silage. 989 
Hope Farm Notes. 991 
Corn Growing in the North. 999 
Treatment of Sour Soil. 999 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY. 
“The Truth Shall Make You Free’’... 993 
Lice on Calves. 999 
Cows Are Poor Milkers. 99(5 
“Process Butter’’ . 990 
Draft Horses in New York.’ ” 990 
Winter Care of Brood Sows. 997 
Alfalfa and Corn Fodder in Balanced 
Ration . 997 
Sore Teats .* ., 997 
HORTICULTURE. 
Trees on Hillside Land.985, 98G 
The Oswego Apple. 987 
Ruralisms . 999 
WOMAN AND THE HOME. 
From Day to Day. 994 
Apple Recipes . 994 
Buttermilk Waffles.j ” ‘ * ‘ 994 
Waffles Without Eggs. 994 
Christmas Spending . 995 
The Rural Patterns . 995 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Common Fittings Used in Plumbing. 
Part II. 98G 
Work of the Gasoline Engine. 98 ” 
numbing Questions . 988 
Heating Questions . 988 
The Fuel Alcohol Question. 989 
Editorials . 992 
Events of the Week. 99,3 
Publisher’s Desk . 998 
Ventilating a ' Cellar. 999 
Humorous .1000 
Lettuce, Southern.bbl. 2.00 
Onions, 
Conn. White, bbl.., 
.. 3.50 
Conn. Yellow. 
.. 1.50 
Conn. Bed. 
Orange Co., bag_ 
Peas, 
.. 1.00 
Southern, % bbl. bkt. 1.00 
Parsnips, bbl.. 
.. .75 
each 
Jjj pk. 
Parsley, 100 bunches.. 1.50 
Bomalne, 
Southern, bbl. 1.50 
Radishes, % bbl. bkt.. 1.00 
String Beans, 
Southern, % bbl. bkt. 1.50 
Spinach, bbl.50 
Squash, Hubbard, bbl. .75 
Turnips, 
Rutabaga, bbl.75 
White, bbl.50 
Tomatoes, 
Calif., 8 -qt crate. 1.00 qt. 
Florida,20 qt. carrier. 1.00 
HOTHOUSE PRODUCTS. 
Cucumbers, 
Fancy, doz. 1.10 
No. 1, doz.90 
No. 2. box. 1.50 
Lettuce, Boston, strap. 1.00 
Mushrooms, lb. 20 
Mint, dozen bunches.. 
Radishes, 100 bunches. 2.50 
Tomatoes, lb.08 
THE 
® 2.25 
@ 4 50 
@ 1.75 
@ 1.75 
@ 1.50 
® 3.00 
@ 1.00 
@ 2.00 
@ 2.00 
@ 2.00 
@ 3.00 
@ .75 
@ 1.00 
@ 1.00 
@ 1.00 
1.00 
@ 3.00 
RURAh 
each .03® .05 
qt. 
qt. 
% Pk. 
hi Pk. 
bch. 
head 
bch. 
qt. 
pk. 
.15 
.10 
.50 
.15 
.05 
.05 
.05 
.15 
.30 
@ 1.25 
@ 1.00 
@ 3.00 
@ 1.25 
@ .50 
.to 
® 3.U0 
® .15 
LIVE POULTRY 
Chickens, lb. .12 
Fowls. .12% 
Roosters. .. ,08 
Turkeys.10 @ .13 
Ducks.II @ .12 
Geese.10 @ .11 
DBE 8 SED I’OULTRY 
each 
each 
each 
each 
bch. 
lb. 
.15 
.10 
.(Hi 
.10 
1.00®1.T5 
.05 
.25® .30 
.14® .15 
.13® 
. 12 ® 
Turkeys, best, lb. ... 
... .21 
@ 
.22 lb. 
Fair to Good. 
... .17 
@ 
.20 
Chickens, best. 
... .23 
® 
.25 
Good to Choice. 
.. .18 
® 
.20 
Common Bun. 
.. .12 
© 
.16 
Fowls. 
@ 
.13 
Ducks. 
@ 
.12 
Geese. 
@ 
.14 
Squabs, doz. 
.. 1.00 
@ 
3.60 
MARKETS 
Prices current at New York during week ending 
December 18, 1008, wholesale except where other¬ 
wise Indicated. The retail prices given do not, as 
a rule, cover either the highest or lowest sales, but 
show what the bulk of consumers of moderate 
means pay for small quantities of produce bought 
in •Fulton, Washington,. Jefferson Markets, etc., 
and up-town grocery stores. “Retail” is rather 
an indefinite word, but in this column it means 
less than barrel or other original package lots of 
fruits and vegetables, less than tubs of butter, 
cases of eggs, etc. The trade of commission mer¬ 
chants is strictly wholesale. The retail prices 
given are those secured by grocers and small deal¬ 
ers who receive no direct shipments. 
BUTTER 
Creamery, fancy, lb... 
State Dairy, best. 
Common toGjod.... 
® 5.25 
® 4.00 
® 4.00 
®10.50 lb. 
® 9.75 
® 4.50 
® 4.25 
® 7.75 
® 0.15 
1.17 
1.06 
1.02 
® .68 
® .60 
® .82 
® .66 
Wholesale 
ltetail 
.32%® 
.33 
.38 
.28 @ 
.31 hi 
33® 
.36 
.22 @ 
.25 
28® 
.30 
.22 @ 
.28 
.29 
.33 
.20 @* 
.26 
.25® 
,80 
.17 @ 
.20 
. 22 ® 
.25 
.17 @ 
.19 
:f;ese 
.14 ® 
.15 
. 20 © 
.22 
.11 @ 
.13 
.16® 
.18 
.05 @ 
.09 
. 10 ® 
.13 
Full Cream, best.... 
Common to Good.. 
MILK. 
New York Exchange price $1.91 per 
40-quart can, netting 4 cents to 
shipper in the 20 -cent. freight zone 
who have no additional station 
charges...qt. 
EGGS 
Fancy White, doz.43 ® 
White, good to choice. .38 @ 
Mixed Colors, best.34 ® 
Common to Good.25 © 
Western.18 @ 
Storage. 22 @ 
BEANS 
.07® .12 
.45 
.42 
.36 
.30 
.30 
.26 
.45® 
. 88 ® 
.32® 
. 20 ® 
.60 
.48 
.40 
.34 
.35 
.30 
COUNTRY DRESSED MEATS 
Calves, best, lb.12 @ .14 
Common to Good.09 ® .11 
Roasting Pigs.09 @ .11 
Pork.05 @ .06 
LIVE STOCK 
Native Steers, 100 lbs.. 5.00 ® 6.70 
Oxen. 4.60 
Bulls.2.70 
Cows. 1.25 
Dressed Beef 8ides, 
100 lbs.8.00 
Calves, 
Prime Veal, 100 lb... 6.00 
Culls.2.50 
Sheep, 100 lbs. 8.00 
Lambs.6.50 
Hogs.5.75 
GRAIN 
Wheat, No. 1, Hard 
Duluth, bu. 
No. 2, Red. 
No. 1, Macaroni. 
Corn, as to quality, bu. .64 
Oats, as to weight, bu. .53 
Rye.80 
Barley.62 
FEED 
Wheat, Bran, ton.23.00 ®25.00 
Middlings.26.00 ®29.00 
Red Dog. 30.00 
Linseed Meal.32.00 ®33.00 
HAY AND STRAW 
Quotations for large bales. 
Small bales sell 50 cents to $1.00 
per ton less. 
Hay, No. 1, ton.17.00 ®19.00 
No. 2.16.50 ® 16.50 
No. 3.12.00 ® 14.00 
Clover Mixed.14.00 @16.00 
Clover..11.00 @12.00 
Wild .6.00 @ 8.00 
Straw, Rye.18.00 @19.00 
Oat and Wheat. 8.00 @10.00 
RAW TEXTILES 
Cotton, 
Middling, Uplands, 
1(H) lbs. 9.10 
Middling, Gulf, 
100 lbs. 9.35 
Wool, 
Fine Unwashed, lb.. .18 @ .20 
Medium .20 @ .22 
Sisal Hemp, lb. .05% 
Jute, ib. .03% 
.23® .24 
. 20 ®) .22 
.25® .37 
23® .25 
.16® .18 
.15® .18 
.15® .18 
•15@ .18 
.18® 25 
.16® .17 
.15® .20 
• 12 @ .15 
.18® .25 
Marrow, bu. 
2.45 
qt. 
.12 
.Medium. 
2-30 
Pea. 
@ 2.30 
qt. 
.10 
Bed Kidney. 
2.35 
White Kidney. 
2.60 
qt. 
.15 
Yellow Eye.. 
.. 2.90 
@ 3.00 
HOPS 
Prime to Choice. 
@ .14 
Com 111011 to Good. 
. .10 
® .12 
Olds. 
.. .04 
@ .06 
German Crop, 1908 ... 
. .28 
@ .30 
HONEY 
Clover, comb. 
. .12 
@ .15 
.18® .20 
Buckwheat. 
. .11 
@ .12 
.16® .18 
Extracted, lb. 
. -07 
@ .09 
.12® .15 
DBIED FBUITS 
Apples, evap. fancy.. 
•08% 
.12 
Flvap., com. to good 
. .04 
® .07 
.08® .10 
Sun Dried. 
. .04 
® .06 
Cherries. 
® .14 
lb. 
.15® .20 
Baspberries. 
.20 
lb. 
.22® .24 
Huckleberries. 
. .12 
® .13 
Blackberries. 
. .07 
@ .07% 
FBESH FBUITS 
Apples, 
Baldwin, bbl. 
3.75 
@ 4.25 
pk. 
.50 
Greening. 
. 2.50 
ffi 4.50 
Spy. 
. 8.00 
@ 4.50 
King. 
. 3.50 
@ 5.00 
Ben Davis. 
. 2.25 
@ 3.25 
Western, bu. box — 
, 1.25 
@ 3.60 
doz. 
.50® .75 
Pears, Kieffer, bbl... . 
. 1.25 
(a) 3.50 
pk. 
.30® .50 
Grapes, 4-lb. bkt. 
. .14 
@ .16 
.25® .30 
Cranberries, 
Cape Cod, bbl. 
12.00 
@15.00 
qt. 
.15® .20 
Jersey, bbl. 
. 10.00 
@13.00 
Jersey, std. crate.... 
2.25 
IS) 2.75 
Oranges, 
Florida. 
2.00 
® 3.50 
doz. 
.30® ,40 
California, fey. box. 
3.50 
fe 4.00 
doz. 
.40® .50 
California, choice... 
3.00 
@ 3.25 
doz. 
.30® .35 
Grape Fruit. 
F'lorida, fey. box_ 
, 3.00 
@ 4.00 
each 
.20® .30 
Florida, choice. 
2.00 
@ 2.75 
each 
.10® .15 
VEGETABLES 
Potatoes, 
Wholesale 
Betail 
Bermuda, bbl. 
4.00 
@ 6.00 
qt. 
.10 
Slate. 180 lbs. 
2.25 
@ 2.35 
bu. 
1.00 
Long Island, 180 lbs. 
2.75 
@ 2.87 
bu. 
1.25 
Jersey, 180 lbs. 
2.00 
® 2.10 
bu. 
.90 
Maine, 165 lbs. 
2.35 
® 2.40 
bu. 
1.00 
Foreign, 165 lbs. 
1.75 
® 2.00 
bu. 
1.00 
Sweet Potatoes,bu.bkt. 
.75 
® 1.50 
pk. 
.30® .50 
Brussels Sprouts, qt... 
.05 
@ .10 
.15® .20 
Beets, bbl. 
.75 
@ 1.00 
% Pk. 
.10 
Carrots, bbl. 
.75 
@ 1.25 
pk. 
.25 
Cucumbers, 
Florida, bu. bkt. 
2.00 
@ 3.50 
each 
.05 
Cabbage, ton. 
30.00 
©35.00 
head 
. 10 ® .12 
Cauliflowers, 
L. I., bbl. 
2.00 
® 6.00 
head 
.15® .20 
Celery, doz. 
.15 
@ .40 
bch. 
. 10 © .20 
Ventilating a Cellar. 
W. L. C., Stephenson, N. Y. —My house 
stands on good hard ground, and the cellar 
has a good drain, cement floor and no water 
stands in it; very seldom has any run into 
it. It has three four-light windows, and 
yet it is nearly always damp and smells 
musty. Can you tell me of any system of 
ventilation or method by which I may re- 
move the dampness? 
Ans.— If any house chimney extends 
into the cellar it will only be necessary 
to make an opening into this to secure 
the desired ventilation. If there is no 
available chimney, or if the chimney 
has, not sufficient capacity for this and 
the stoves, then there may be a parti¬ 
tion extending from the first floor 
to the attic through which a pipe of 
light galvanized iron may be shoved, 
either up from the cellar or down from 
the attic, and then carried out through 
the roof to provide the needed ventila¬ 
tion. A six-inch pipe is large enough, 
and this may be flattened enough to 
allow it to enter the space between the 
studding of the partition, and in suit¬ 
able lengths to be introduced. Some 
such ventilation flue should be provided 
for every cellar. The best plan is to 
have the heater in the cellar and the 
chimney start from that level. If 
there is no better way available a sheet 
of galvanized iron may be substituted 
for a pane of glass in a window on op¬ 
posite sides of the house, and in these 
provide openings which may be regu¬ 
lated in size by means of revolving or 
sliding dampers. f. H. king. 
NEW-YORKER 
Corn Growing in the North. 
L. M. A., Solon, Me .—I am located in 
Somerset County, Maine, almost as far 
north as the northern boundary of Vermont, 
and I want a corn that will mature as 
early as any. Prices for western grain are 
outrageous; $1.75 for 100 pounds of corn- 
meal ; 70 cents for 30 pounds of oats. I 
intend to fit 1 % acre for yellow corn next 
Spring, and I shall want seed for the same, 
either dent or flint. I have recently bought 
a farm here, coming from Connecticut. My 
neighbors raise oats, hut no yellow corn, 
paying high prices for western grain. In 
answer to my queries as to why it is not 
raised one man says he couldn’t get help 
to husk it; another thinks it costs too much 
to fertilize for corn, and another gives a 
reason that potatoes or sweet com pay 
better. I shall raise it, and I shall also 
keep a detailed account of cost of produc¬ 
tion. 
Ans. —We think it will pay to raise 
corn for grain. We would plant some 
selected strain of Early Canada flint 
as early as is safe. Use a sod if pos¬ 
sible—an old meadow or pasture. Fit 
the soil well and use fertilizer freely. 
It will pay better to feed and get a 
large yield per acre. Mr. Cosgrove has 
told us how by using chicken manure 
freely he grew 87 bushels of ears on 
half an acre. We do not expect to 
see cheap corn • again, and farmers 
in the eastern States must raise more 
of it. 
Treatment of Sour Soil. 
G. L. M., Moysville, V. Y.—I have a 
garden of about one-fifth acre, which is 
sour and needs lime badly. I have already 
bought two barrels of slaked lime, hut have 
my doubts about that being enough to put 
on it. Can you advise me how many bar¬ 
rels should be put on this piece, and when 
is it best to use it? Should I now wait 
until Spring? I keep two cows this Win¬ 
ter and am wheeling the manure on to 
the lot as fast as made, and do not know 
whether the lime would be used to better 
advantage now than in the Spring. My 
garden grows good vine crops, corn, beans, 
tomatoes, etc., hut the root crops such 
as beets, parsnips, turnips, etc., do not do 
as well as on most gardens. From this 
can you indicate what is lacking in the 
soil? It has had manure from one cow 
for two years, or ever since I have owned 
the place, and I am manuring it heavily 
now. 
Ans.— If the land is very sour we 
should use at least at the rate of 3,000 
pounds of air-slaked lime per acre. A 
bushel of lime will weight about 80 
pounds. If you are to use manure on 
this field we would keep the lime off 
until the manure has been plowed 
under. Lime and manure mixed to¬ 
gether above ' ground will result in a 
loss of ammonia. Plow the manure 
under—then broadcast the lime and 
harrow' in. The soil evidently needs 
available potash and phosphoric acid. 
The growth of vine crops shows that 
nitrogen is present, but the failure of 
the roots and bulbs shows that potash 
is needed. Possibly the lime may help 
for one season by its action upon the 
soil, but the use of one part sulphate 
of potash to two parts acid phosphate 
with the manure would help. 
RAW FURS WANTED 
Send for reliable prices. Ready about Dec. 1st. 
LEMUEL BLACK, Lock Box 338. Higbtstown, N. J. 
RAW FURS WANTED 
We pay express charges 
and guarantee satisfac¬ 
tory and prompt returns. 
Send us trial shipment. 
Will hold shipments 
separate if requested. 
MILTON SCHREIBER & CO. 
RAW . FURS 
NEW YORK 
CITY. 
A PRACTICAL OUTFIT for soldering tools 
ttt S ' 1 / 1 “^ructions. $1.50. EDW. FRANK. No. 12 
W. 9th Street. Oswego, N. Y 
Successful Poultrymen Know 
the superiority of green bone over 
other foods as an egg-producer. 
STEARNS BONE CUTTERS 
Cut clean, finely, quickly, easily, and 
make green bone the most effective 
and, economical chicken food obtain¬ 
able. 30 Days' Free Trial. Send 
to-day for free printed matter. 
E. C. Stearns & Co.,Box 11, Syracuse, N.Y. 
The Ireland Straight-Line Drag 
Sawing Machine 
This sawing rig fills a long 
felt want for sawing large 
timber. It is simple, durable and the most 
practical straight-line sawing rig on the 
market. We also make circular saw rigs 
Write for full information and prices. 
I IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY; 
J^^4^tateSt^^^JORWICH^NEW^YORK^^ 
fFORl 
BIG 
CR0P5 
LARK’S "C U TAWaY" 
TOOLS 
We make 120 
sizes & styles of 
Disk Harrows 
iPf every purpose. Farmers and 
Cireriardists increase their crops 
•>()%. Let us prove this. Send 
today for our FREE Booklet and 
12?®'®! Prices. Cutaway Harrow Co. 
Main Street, Higganum. Conn. 
“Oakland Farm” iSfr 
258 acres of very productive, beautifully 
laving land, adjoining the thriving village of 
Weedsport, Cayuga County, New York. 
Long Known as the Home of “The Oakland 
Herd " of Holstein-Friesian Catite. 
Three sets of buildings, all in perfect condi¬ 
tion, wisely distributed, for owner, manager 
and laborers. 
The farm excels in productiveness, and its 
location is especially desirable, being less than 
V-At miles from the various stations of the four- 
track N Y C. & H. R. R. R„” “West Shore,” 
Lehigh Valley,’’ “Erie Canal,” and Barge 
Canal ( now building ), electric cars to 
Rochester, Auburn and Syracuse; therefore 
point' y desiral)le receiving ancl distributing 
It is offered as a whole or can be sub-divided. 
For beautiful halftones, description, terms, 
etc., address 
T. A. MITCHELL weedsport, 
n. iniivm.u, NEW YORK. 
or 
The A. W. Lawton Real Estate Exchange, 
aUBVRN, I v. Y. 
IV. B. This is the third first-class Cayuga Co 
hnZ 1 Z e J! aV i.J ecentl V advertised. The other t wo 
have been sold. pp- j' 
FOR QAI C-Kegistered Dutch Belted Bull 
* ,Vf 1 Prince”—two years old—seven 
pnzes. Ditto. Lad —yearling—marked perfect; 
Ditto. Pirate —calr-marked perfect. Registered 
Hampshire Swine (the Bacon hog). Pigs, regular 
cw"'i? ( S$8,l)0 ' irregular markings $ 6.00 Address 
Chas. Stewart Davison, bo. \\ iliiamstown, ^lass. 
A Good Madison County Farm Of 
OX ACRES 
Two Miles From Depot, Etc., $1,800. 
Also Thirtv-Five Tons Of Hay Will Be 
Placed On Cars at $13.00 Per Ton. 
JERSEY CAT TLE $50 and Upwards. 
J. GRANT MORSE, Hamilton, N. Y. 
DEBASE semi a trial shipment to the Oldest Coni- 
mission House in New York. Est. 1838. Butter. 
Eggs, loultry. Pork, Calves. Hay, Grain, Beans. 
Apples, etc. t. Ii. WOOinVAlill, 302 Greenwich St., \. 
W AN ;fA- w rtil horse and carriage to 
M sel1 » useful line to farmers. We give town 
or county rights mgood agents; just the line that 
sells this time of the year, when vour horses are 
OF (WT n8 W S n M ^; ES FURNISHED FREE 
Ol COS T. Would like reference; name your 
bank; 110 experience needed. Write for terms and 
information THE TRYON SPECIALTY CO.. 
U6 xCoy, JN, y. 
W A N T F n _ 'V°, fi , ition 88 overseer farm. Reliable party 
If HR I LU Address LOCK BOX 67 . Trumans burg,* NY. 
U/ANTED FURNISHED FARM on shares or will take 
If charge of fiu-m. Can give good reference. Address 
31. A. ACKLES, North Spencer, New York. 
ASSISTANT FOREMAN WANTED on 250 Acre 
ri-Fruit Farm. Must be energetic, understand 
pruning, spraying. House, garden, fuel, cow past¬ 
ure, tree to married man. Give references. 
Davidson F ruit Co., Chesapeake, Lawrence Co. O. 
W A NTF n _In January and on April 1 st, married 
■'Hi, I LU men on farms in New Jersey. One 
good with horses to use team, the other a good 
milker and used to handling dairy cattle. Family 
must be willing to board 2 or 3 men. Answer giv¬ 
ing age, number in family and qualifications for 
position. 8 . W.,” care Kl'Rai. Nkw-Yobkbb. 
QOfl AfiRF^- BEST 0F LAND, near Buffalo; 
Otu nUIILO well fenced; nice buildings- 50 
Holstein cows, crops and tools at sacrifice. Write 
for cut Of house and particulars. Other bargains 
_ D. A. P ALMERTON, Eden, N. Y. 
FRUIT AND TRUCK FARM FOR SALE. 
Pleasant home, telephone, R. F. D„ good market and 
shipping facilities. Proposed electric route through 
premises. Fine location for gi-eenhouses and plant liusi- 
nesa Greenhouse and lot of sash. Cold frames full of 
cabbage and lettuce plants. 10O apple, 385 pear 275 plum 
100 cherry 126 peach trees. Strawberries, raspberries etc' 
Sugar bush, good soil. 40 acres, 85.000.IH). Address 
BOX 86 , Marshallville, Ohio. 
“Strout’s Farm Buyers’ Guide” 
Is the title of a big circular just out, illustrated 
and describing an amazing assortment of low 
price, profit-paying properties, with stock, tools 
and crops included; thrown on the market at start¬ 
ling sacrifices, to insure immediate settlement of 
estates. Copy mailed free from our nearest office. 
E. A. 8 TROUT CO., 294 Washington Street Boston- 
150 Nassau Street, New York; Land Title Building 
Philadelphia; Scottsville, Va. 
DAIRY FARM FOR SALE COUNTY 0 ^™ 
About 180 acres, of which 136 acres are under cul¬ 
tivation or meadows. Beached by two railroads 
and only 50 miles from New York. Station and 
town one mile. Milk sold wholesale yeai round at 
good price. Excellent market for garden truck at. 
summer resorts near by. Good potato land 
Large house and two tenant houses; large barns 
ere.; running water in principal buildings. Owner 
has too much other business to attend to dairy. 
Address F. H. W., care Kural New-Yorker. 
