1908. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
315 
A GENERAL PURPOSE FERTILIZER. 
What kind of fertilizer and how 
much would you use to drop in a 
hill when planting corn? Do you know 
of any hand planter made to drop 
fertilizer into hill when planting? What 
kind of fertilizer would you use to 
drill in along the sides of carrot rows? 
What kind of fertilizer would you recom¬ 
mend to be hoed into the ground around 
Spring-set strawberry plants on ground 
which will have about 25 one-horse loads 
of good manure to the acre, plowed under 
before setting plants? What is basic slag? 
Is it the refuse slag from an iron furnace? 
Charlevoix, Mich. w. j. s. 
If we had but little experience with 
fertilizers we would buy the mixed 
goods of some reliable maker and use 
them until we knew what the soil most 
needs. Prof. E. B. Voorhees, of the New 
Jersey Experiment Station, suggests a 
simple mixture of equal parts, by weight, 
of ground bone, acid phosphate and 
muriate of potash. This is what he calls 
a “basic fertilizer” for fruit—to be 
changed by adding nitrogen when extra 
growth is needed. You could use this 
mixture. For corn use 600 pounds each 
of the three chemicals and complete the 
ton by using 200 pounds each of dried 
blood or tankage. For the garden crops 
use 200 pounds nitrate of soda in place 
of the dried blood. For the strawberries 
use the “basic fertilizer” as the manure 
will give the extra nitrogen. Basic slag 
is a product in iron manufacture. Many 
iron ores contain, phosphorus, which 
must be removed. The ore is melted 
and then lime is thrown in. This unites 
with the phosphorus and holds it. The 
pure iron is run off and the “slag” cools 
into a hard mass which is crushed to a 
powder and used as a fertilizer. It 
usually contains about 18 per cent of 
phosphoric acid and 50 per cent of lime 
and is a very useful phosphate. We do 
not know of a hand planter which drops 
fertilizer in the hill. 
GRASS AND GRAIN MIXTURE. 
This is the kind of phosphate I wish 
to make and what would you say its 
analyses was and is it a good mixture for 
grain and grass : 
Pounds. 
Nitrate of soda. 260 
Sulphate of ammonia. 400 
Hone black superphosphate. 800 
Double sulp. potash and magnesia. . . . 675 
Land plaster . 500 
Coxsackie, N. Y. a. a. c. 
Here are two substances which we 
have not talked about yet. Sulphate of 
ammonia is a product in making gas. 
It contains about 20 pounds of nitrogen 
which is in the form of ammonia. We 
understand that the “organic” nitrogen 
which we have talked about changes into 
"ammonia” on decaying and that from 
the ammonia the nitrates are formed. 
Bone black” is a bone charcoal made 
out of bones much as wood charcoal is 
made by burning wood. It is used for 
refining sugar. After being used for 
this purpose the bone black is “cut” by 
sulphuric acid (see page 99) like the 
phosphate rock and thus is made into a 
superphosphate—that is a phosphate 
soluble in water. Your mixture would 
contain in pounds: 
460 pounds 
of soda ., 
400 pounds 
ammonia 
Nitrogen. 
nitrate 
sulphate 
. so 
Phos. 
acid. 
Potash. 
800 pounds B. B. 
superphosphate ... 
(j <o pounds double 
sulphate . 
500 pounds land 
plaster . 
•• 
160 
. . 
170 
122 
160 
170 
The only object in using the land 
plaster is to dry the other chemicals and 
make a better mixture. You will have 
T6 per cent of nitrogen, six of phos¬ 
phoric acid and nearly of potash. 
bile this will cost more than some 
other chemicals it will certainly make 
grass grow. 
Kainit on Hen Manure. 
It. G., Elmer, N, J .—What about mixing 
ben manure with kainit? I thought the 
kainit would dry up the moisture in the 
hen manure so that I can pulverize it as 
I want to run it through a fertilizer drill 
lor onions. Would the manure have more 
value mixed with kainit or would It not? 
If it can be mixed to an advantage what 
proportion should I use? 
Ans. —Land plaster will be more likely 
to dry the manure. When kept well 
dusted with land plaster the manure 
forms in hard chunks which can be 
crushed fine enough to drill. The 
kainit will preserve the manure, but in 
a different way from the plaster. At 
the Maine Experiment Station (Orono) 
kainit was used and found to be a good 
preserver of manure. Kainit is one of 
the German potash salts and contains 
about 12 per cent of potash. Thus the 
manure when mixed with kainit would 
be improved to the extent of the potash 
that was added. We would rather use 
sulphate of potash for mixing with the 
manure instead of kainit, though the 
latter will answer. While you are mak¬ 
ing a mixture for onions why not add 
ground bone or acid phosphate also? 
Hen manure is low in phosphoric acid, 
while onions need it. First of all, the 
hen manure should be dried and crushed 
fine. Then to 1,000 pounds of dry ma¬ 
nure you can add 400 pounds of kainit 
and 600 pounds acid phosphate or 400 
pounds fine ground bone. 
Ashes, Hen Manure and Land Plaster. 
8. 8. G., Ulysses, Pa.—Will you give me 
your advice as to hardwood ashes on flint 
corn? Should ashes be put in hill or 
broadcast, and how much per fete? I have 
about 50 bushels of hen tm‘- n - e. How 
should I apply this, in hill cr ’r x at time 
of planting? Will land plaster be good? 
How is it applied? 
Ans.— We.should broadcast the ashes 
after plowing and harrow in before 
planting. One ton to the acre on or¬ 
dinary soil is not too much. We would 
dry out the hen manure, crush it fine 
and scatter a handful in or around each 
hill after planting. The land plaster 
will help dry the Hen manure, but has 
litttle direct value as plant food. 
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1 
