1903. 
THE RUR-A-Iv NEW-YORKER 
341 
Hope Farm Notes 
The Outlook.— On April 1 we were 
nearly at the end of our spraying. The 
open weather in January enabled us to 
go over some 500 young trees at that 
time, and this put us ahead. One rea¬ 
son why I like the oil sprays is that 
we can use them at any time after 
November. I think the general opinion 
is that lime and sulphur is best applied 
in March or April. Our trees have win¬ 
tered in fine shape, and we find but little 
evidence of scale except here and there 
in small sections. The peach trees four 
years and over are covered with buds. 
They are starting out faster than I 
like. Still, if we do not have a late 
frost they will get through. I wish they 
would stay asleep two weeks longer. I 
like to get the spraying done by April 1. 
Then we are free with the horses to 
get out the balance of the manure and 
start early plowing. 
The past Winter has been hard on 
grass seeding. Last Fall we seeded a 
lawn after great pains. There was a crop 
of potatoes, hand-hoed and kept clean, 
then thorough working and grading and 
thick seeding. The mild Winter with 
cold nights and warm days, has given 
that lawn a severe course in discipline. 
It is starting, but looks thin and dis¬ 
couraged. We shall fertilize it and 
rake new seed into the bare spots. After 
a hard struggle through March the 
Crimson clover seems to have won out, 
except on the poorer land and the wet 
spots. At first thought you might think 
the stand was too thin, but I know how 
this plant stools and spreads out. By 
the middle of May it will stand thick 
and strong. Prof. Penny of Delaware 
tells me that in the Fall grozvth alone 
of an acre of Crimson clover (roots and 
tops), he found 85 pounds of nitrogen. 
In an acre during full bloom in May 
(roots and tops), he has found as much 
as 250 pounds! No one can tell how 
much of this is new nitrogen—that is 
taken from the air—but a good share of 
it is of that kind, and we can see what 
it means to have such a crop growing 
year after year on our hills. Two weeks 
ago I was ready to give up my Alfalfa 
crop. I knew that part of the plants 
had been lifted out of the soil—root and 
all, and most of the others looked as if 
they would like to join their brothers. 
The warm rain at the end of March has 
made a great change. I find the Alfalfa 
greening up all over the field, and it 
now looks like 60 per cent of a full 
stand. Here is another crop that stools 
and spreads out so that we may cover 
the ground, yet. If I get this crop 
through, with the Crimson clover hay, | 
our feeding problem will be made simple. 
On the whole we never started Spring 
with a better outlook than seems be¬ 
fore us this year. 
The Work.— I know from experience 
that we cannot hope to carry out any 
plans exactly, but in a general way this 
is what we have in mind. The clover 
seed goes on the rye at once. It should 
have gone before. Red clover seed costs 
me $15 a bushel, yet I believe there is 
money in it. The rye I speak of is 
seeded between rows of young apple 
trees. . I want to keep this land two 
years in clover, plowing six feet on each 
side of the tree rows. There is an or¬ 
chard near the buildings of old high¬ 
headed apple trees. Hogs have run in 
it for four seasons and torn the soil up 
well. I want a forage crop near the 
barn. As soon as the soil can be worked 
we shall sow Canada field peas in this 
orchard, and work them under with a 
Cutaway. Then oats on the furrows 
covered with an Acme. The oats and 
peas will be cut green for hay, and as 
soon as possible the ground worked with 
the Cutaway and seeded to Japanese 
millet. After that is cut rye. I believe 
more and more in crowding the fields 
near, the buildings as hard as you can— 
making short hauls for manure and for 
crops.. Tree planting will follow. This 
doesn’t take long as we do it. Those 
who care to dig holes as large as barrels 
may do so—we cut the tree back top and 
root and plant in small holes. We shall 
plant nearly an acre of asparagus when 
the ground is fit—putting potatoes be¬ 
tween the rows of asparagus. The bal¬ 
ance of our potatoes will be planted in 
nooks and corners—largely between or 
aiound rows of fruit. For instance, in 
one part of a young apple orchard we 
plow six feet on each side of the rows 
and plant two rows of potatoes in each 
plowed space. These potatoes will be 
well fertilized and cultivated, thus car- 
mg for the trees and, we hope, getting 
a fair crop of potatoes. This crop will 
also be planted between rows of cur¬ 
rants, berries, wherever there is space 
for a hill on the lower fields. Our gar¬ 
den covers nearly half of an acre. We 
give it a thick coat of manure, plow 
it under and harrow and harrow until 
it is fine. Then as the season progresses 
we plant about every garden vegetable 
that will grow in this country. As one 
comes out another goes in. Strawberry 
planting will follow. The thick mat of 
Crimson clover and rye now on the 
ground will be plowed under. There is 
a hollow on this place where the water 
stands in Winter. This will never do, 
so we will dig wide ditches in the form 
of a cross through this depression with 
quite a deep well at the center. The 
stones will be picked and thrown into 
these ditches and the whole covered and 
raked smooth. That will give drainage 
and level the field. The year-old straw¬ 
berries are covered with a mulch. Later 
this mulch will be shaken up so the 
plants will be sure to work through. 
The worst weeds will be pulled out, 
but we do very little Spring cultivating 
of strawberries. Onion planting will 
give us work and worry. Charlie is 
growing the plants in Florida. He re¬ 
ports them in good condition, and if 
they do not fail he will ship them up 
about May 1. We expect to have the 
ground ready and when they come we 
shall have to drop everything and get 
these plants into the ground. The 
Crimson clover will be cut the latter 
part of May. What we need for hay 
will be taken to the barn—the rest 
thrown around the trees. As soon as 
possible after cutting we plan to take 
our disk plow and tear up the clover 
sod and plant our low-growing flint 
corn. Where it comes too late to plant 
corn we shall sow buckwheat and seed 
again to Crimson clover. In addition 
to this comes care of the trees—a little 
Summer pruning, hauling and cutting 
anything that will serve as mulch, work¬ 
ing out borers and thinning and picking 
fruit. Most of the manure has been 
hauled and spread. We plan to get it 
away this Summer as fast as a load ac¬ 
cumulates. The hen manure is under 
cover, dried out with road dust. It 
will go on the corn and onions at the 
proper, time. I figure that the soil in 
the chicken yards is as rich as fine ma¬ 
nure. We plan to get in there with a 
cultivator and tear up that soil, take 
off the upper three inches and spread 
it over the strawberries* and onions 
as we would fertilizer. Of course I 
know it is easier to make plans than 
to make good on them, but if you have 
no plan at all you are like a ship with¬ 
out a rudder. The above is what I 
want to do and, carried out, would leave 
me a fair profit. Let’s see how we make 
It. h. w. c. 
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