382 
THE RURAL NEW'YORKER 
April 
KEEP THEM AT HOME! 
The following members of the New York 
• Senate voted against Governor Hughes In 
his efforts to remove the Superintendent 
of Insurance. Some of them have done so 
twice—others are backsliders. All have 
proved unworthy in a fair test. Ail are In 
districts where the votes of farmers can 
defeat them, it should be the duty of 
every farmer to blacklist them and keep 
them away from Albany. Vote them out! 
.1OTHAM P. ALLDS.Norwich. N. Y. 
ALBERT T. FAN'CIIER. .Salamanca. N. Y. 
S PEIU'Y HOOKER.LeRoy, N. Y. 
JOHN RAINES .Canandaigua, N. Y. 
SANFORD \V. SMITH.Chatham. N. Y. 
WILLIAM .L TI LLY.Corning, N. Y. 
HORACE WHITE .Syracuse. N. Y. 
BENT M. WILCOX.Auburn, N. Y. 
JOSEPH ACKROYI) .Utica. N. Y. 
FRANK M. BOYCE... East Schodack. N. Y. 
FRANCIS II. CATES. . .Chittenango, N. Y. 
WM. W. WEMI’LE.Schenectady, N. Y. 
WM. T. O’NEIL.SI. Regis Falls. N. Y. 
OWEN CASSIDY .Watkins, N. Y. 
DOWNY MILDEW OE THE GRAPE. 
7f. I)., Kabula. Iowa .—I have a small 
vineyard of Concord and Worden grapes 
that for a few years did well. It bore 
abundantly, and the finest fruit, but for the 
last three years the vines have mildewed 
so badly, especially the Worden, that they 
scarcely ripened fruit or wood enough for 
the next year's fruiting. Can I by spray¬ 
ing prevent Iho mildew? I wish to know 
when to spray, how often, how much of 
mixture to apply; of wlmt’ the mixture is 
composed, and how to prepare it ? I see 
sprayers that a man carries on back that 
work by compressed air. Would one of 
them be what I want? Is there a better 
kind of sprayer? 
Ans. —The inquiry evidently refers to 
the disease known as the “Downy mil¬ 
dew of the grape.” This is a fungus 
disease which attacks all the tender 
growing parts of the plant. Its most 
noticeable effect is on the leaves, where 
it produces irregular greenish-yellow 
spots which later become reddish brown. 
These spots spread rapidly, and grad¬ 
ually cause those parts of the leaf which 
are affected to die, and finally dry up 
and fall to the ground. This disease is 
caused by a fungus plant which lives in 
the tissue of the grape leaf, drawing 
nourishment from its juices. The fun¬ 
gus plant consists of vegetative threads 
(absorbing organs) and reproductive 
bodies. The vegetative threads are 
found in the tissues, and absorb, for the 
benefit of the fungus, substances which 
the leaf has manufactured for its own 
use from the air, sunlight and water. 
The reproductive bodies or spores are 
borne on the ends of upright branched 
threads, which extend through minute 
openings on the underside of the leaf. 
These upright branches are produced in 
great abundance, and may he seen by 
the naked eye as a downy growth, ap¬ 
pearing like hoar frost on the underside 
of the affected spots. Spraying the 
plant with some chemical which will 
coat the leaves with a thin layer of a 
substance which will not allow the en¬ 
trance of the fungus to the tissues will 
prevent this disease. Spray with the 
following formulas. Use enough spray 
at each application to cover the vines 
thoroughly: 
Formula A, Bordeaux Mixture.—Copper 
sulphate (blue stone), <i pounds; stone lime, 
8 pounds; water. 50 gallons. 
Formula B, Bordeaux Mixture.—Copper 
sulphate (blue stone), 5 pounds, stone 
lime, 5 pounds; water, 50 gallons. 
Formula C. Burgundy Mixture.—Copper 
sulphate (blue stone), 2 pounds, sodium 
carbonate (sal soda), 8 pounds; water, 100 
gallons. 
To prepare Bordeaux Mixture in 
small quantities dissolve the requisite 
amount of copper sulphate by suspend¬ 
ing in a coarse sack at the top of a bar¬ 
rel containing half the requisite amount 
of water. Slake the requisite amount of 
stone lime carefully with the use of lit¬ 
tle water, and when thoroughly slaked 
dilute to half the quantity of water 
needed. Allow the dissolved bluestone 
and lime to run together into a third re¬ 
ceptacle, which may he the spray pump. 
Do not pour one into the other. To 
prepare Burgundy mixture dissolve and 
dilute each of the two chemicals given 
in the formula in half the amount of 
water needed, and allow them to run to¬ 
gether into a third receptacle as with the 
Bordeaux. 
Time of Spraying. —First application 
spray with A just before the buds open; 
second, B just before blossoms begin 
to open; third, B just after blossoms 
fall; fourth, B 10 days after third ap- 
plicatioo; fifth, C two weeks after 
fourth application; sixth, C two weeks 
after fifth application. The Burgundy 
mixture is used for the last two appli¬ 
cations, as this formula makes a non- 
staining preparation An insecticide 
(arsenical) may be combined with for¬ 
mula B for use against insects. The 
above account of the treatment of 
“Downy mildew” will apply for the 
treatment of black rot, anthracnose and 
minor fungus diseases Any sprayer 
which will produce a constant mist-like 
spray may be used. For very small 
operations a knapsack sprayer may be 
used, hut if the acreage is large a bar¬ 
rel pump or special traction or com¬ 
pressed air sprayer should he used. 
H. S. JOHNSON. 
The Chestnut Tree Parasite. 
In Prospect Park, Brooklyn, over 
1,400 chestnut trees have been felled. 
The spores of this fungus, Diaporthe 
parasitica, find their way through the 
broken or abraded hark and imme¬ 
diately develop mycelium threads up and 
down, and especially from right to left. 
Protected by the hark spraying has no 
effect. The girdling of the limb or small 
trunk in one or two seasons is com¬ 
pleted. The result is the same in its 
destructive influence on the parts he-, 
yond the infection as if done with a saw 
or an ax. In the process of develop¬ 
ment the fruiting or spore-bearing body 
appears through the numerous and 
minute cortical pores. This gives the 
infected parts a roughened appearance 
and the healthy olive-green color of the 
natural bark is changed to a reddish 
brown or rusty dun color. A little care¬ 
ful observation will enable anyone to 
detect the presence of the fungus. It 
is a singular fact that all other forest 
trees seem to he immune. While it is 
reported by the Agricultural Department 
in Washington that the Japanese chest¬ 
nut, Castanea crenata, is immune, that 
is contradicted by the fact that the 
writer has examined the Japan species 
and found a young tree badly infected. 
It is safe to say all chestnut trees are 
liable to the ravages of this fungus, yet 
it may he possible that the American 
host, Castanea dentata, may he more 
acceptable than the Japanese or the 
European. 
The disease has spread eastward on 
Long Island to the border of Suffolk 
County, and up the Hudson Valley as 
far north as Poughkeepsie. It is report¬ 
ed from parts of Connecticut and New 
Jersey. In a piece of 300 acres of nat¬ 
ural woodland on Long Island several 
hundred chestnut trees were examined 
and not a single tree was found to he 
free from the disease. Indeed, so 
deadly -and destructive was the work 
that not one tree could he saved out of 
the entire number examined. 
There is no form of effective remedial 
treatment at present. Cutting and burn¬ 
ing may prevent the development of 
spores, hut this would require concert 
of action. One tree would produce 
enough spores to infect all the chestnut 
trees within ten miles. 
Last Summer, during July and Au¬ 
gust, many branches of chestnut trees 
showed signs of decay and the green 
leaves of .Spring withered long before 
the frosts of Autumn were felt. The 
parasite was simply growing and carry¬ 
ing on its destroying work. Correspond¬ 
ents have been secured for several lo¬ 
calises in New Jersey, in the Hudson 
Valley and on Long Island and interest¬ 
ing reports may he expected when the 
fungus begins to develop in the early 
days of Spring. 
JOHN MTCKLEBOROUGH, PII. D. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Hungarian Millet.—W ill those who 
grow Hungarian millet for hav give method, 
amount of seed per acre, amount of good 
stable manure used, method of curing, etc.? 
('an I get a good catch of grass by sowing 
with Hungarian? e. d. q . 
Massachusetts. 
TO GROW A GOOD 
GARDEN 
good cultivation is absolutely neces¬ 
sary, but it can’t be done with poor 
tools. Hero’s an Iron Age Tool 
especially made for garden work. It 
not only docs good work, but it is 
easy to operate. The boys 
and girls can do the 
gardening and pro¬ 
duce big crops. If 
you’ll equipthem 
with Iron Ago 
Tools. Send 
for our 
1908 cat¬ 
alog, 
Bateman Nlfg. Co., Box 1020 Grenloch, N. J. 
Have RunningWater 
In house, stable and anywhere elso, if 
thero’s a brook, spring or pond near you. 
Power Specialty Co.’s 
Froe Hook about Rif® and Font*? 
Ilydrmulio Kama will tell you how 
©any, pimple and inexpensive It la. Rama 
pump water to any height. They pump 
water by water power. No trouble or ex- 
r pen so to maintain. Write Today for 
FREE BOOK of iuggeatlon®. 
POWER SPECIALTY COMPANY, 111 Broadway, New York City 
RUNNING WATER Means Less Work 
Running water on the farm saves labor by 
doing away with hand pumping, and gives 
city conveniences in the home. If there’s 
a stream on your land install a 
Niagara Hydraulic Ram 
nml have all tin* comfort# posHlble. No cost 
for power. Work* day and night. Write for 
ratuloKtie A G and eulitnate. Wc furnish 
tower# and tank*. 
NIAGARA HYDRAULIC FNGINF. GO., 
140 Nunnaii Street, New York. 
Faetoryt t-henter. Pa 
STICKNEY GASOLINE ENGINES 
ARE THE 
The engine with an 
OUTSIDE IGNITER 
•Stationary 
Portable and 
Wood Sawing 
Outfits 
SEND FOR CATALOG 
CHAS. A. STICKNEY CO., - 55 Batterymarch St., Boston 
DnnSt PUFF Write atonce for our money- I 
D WwX b IXtC. saving plan on buying the I 
latest styles of Ornamon- 
tal Fence at the lowest 
prices, saving all middle¬ 
men’s prolit. Write— . 
Anchor Fence & Mlg. Co. 
Sta. O, Cleveland, O. 
ORNAMENTAL WERE and STEEL FENCE 
Cheaper than wood, 
combining strength 
and art. For lawns, 
cli u relies, cemeteries 
Send for F K E E 
CATALOG. Address 
THE WARD FENCE CO.. 
Box fioo Decatur.Ind 
FENCE 
Strongest 
Made .—-*■ 
Madoof High Carbon Double Strength 
IColled Wire. Hoavily Galvanized to 
^prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at 
■factory prices on 30 days’ free trial. 
iWe pay all freight. 87 heights of farm 
[and poultry fence. Catalog Free. 
COILED 8PRING FENCE CO. 
Box 263 Winchester, Indiana 
COIL SPRING FENCE 
Made of high carbon Steel Wire 
Horso-hlgh, Bull-strong, Chick¬ 
en-tight. Sold direct to tho 
Farmer at lowest manufac¬ 
turers prices on 30 DaysFroo 
Trial, freight prepaid. 100 page 
Catalogue and price-list free. 
“j KITSELMAN BROS., / 
Box 230 MUNCIE, IND. 
rn 
STRENGTH,ENDURANCE, I 
economy . are the three I 
points to be considered J 
when buj ‘ 
farm. Tt 
Knocked 1 
Fences are the strongest, fennesknown. I 
Williastalifetime. Wrlteforcatalogue 
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., 
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 
pomLH to iM3 coiihiuereai 
m baying a lenco lor yonrl 
The Front II envy Weight I 
I Down and Woven Wire I 
Monarch 
Hydraulic 
Cider Press 
Great strength and ca¬ 
pacity; nil sizes; also 
gasoline engines, 
8 ten in engines, 
saw mills, thresh¬ 
ers. Catalog free, 
fconarch Machinery Co., Room 161 39 Cortlandt St., Nst York. 
CIDER 
MACHINERY 
x\Vv 
Wo have had 35 years’ ex¬ 
perience In furnishing out¬ 
fits for both Custom and 
„ JS^s 5 - Merchant Cider Mills, 
Our Goods Are the Standard 
Send for catalogue. 
er &, Boschert Press Co.. 
Boom 
312 West Water St., Syracuse. N. Y 
WHITMAN'S 
LATEST 
IMPROVED 
BALING PRESSES 
The standards of the world for 35 years. Victorious in every contest. Made In 31 styles 
and sizes, for horse, s earn or other power. Most rapid and durable machines made. Fully guaran¬ 
teed. W Complete Illustrated descriptive Catalogues sent on request • 
Address: The Whitman Agricultural Company, Saint Louis, Mo., U. S. A. 
Sea Green SPurple Slate Roofs 
absolutely lust forever. Being solid rode, they are spark 
and fire-proof. Reduce your insurance rate. Afford pure 
cistern water. Don't require frequent painting and coal¬ 
ing like metal and composition roofing. Not affected by 
heat or cold. Suitable for all buildings, new or old. 
First cost —only a trifle more than short lived roofings. 
Let us settle your roofing question for all time. Don't 
spend more good money for poor roofing. H WRITE TO 
US AT ONCE for our free book "ROOFS." It will save 
you money. Hive us the name of your local roofer. 
THE AMERICAN SEA GREEN SLATE CO. Box 10, Granville, N. Y. 
x Fine 
Farm Land 
Write me today and let me tell 
you something about it—what it 
has done for others and what it 
can do for you. Address care of 
Union Pacific 
E. L. LOMAX, C. P. A 
Omaha, Neb. 
